2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法复习讲义考点（二十五）定语从句必备知识点（含语法填空短文改错真题讲解+知识总结）

2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法复习讲义

考点（二十五）定语从句必备知识点

定语从句

在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。(定语从句作后置定语)

2．先行词

被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词，作先行词的可以是：

(1)一个词(通常是名词，也可以是代词)

This is the place which is worth visiting.

这是值得参观的地方。

He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。

(2)一个短语

Many life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve.许多以前可以通过询问家庭成员、朋友或者同事就能解决的生活问题，是现在的大家庭无力解决的。

(3)一个分句

The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people have realized how diverse languages could be.希腊人认为，语言结构和思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。

(4)一个完整的句子

I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to hospital in a taxi immediately, which was why I was late that morning.我发现一个老人躺在马路上，我立即乘出租车把他送到了医院，这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。

3．关系词

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中充当句子成分。

Beijing, which is the capital city of China, is a very beautiful city.(which代指Beijing，在从句中作主语)

4．先行词与关系词的关系

(1)关系代词who, that, which实际上是先行词的替代词

A plane is a machine that can fly.(that＝a machine)

The boy who broke the window is called Tom.(who＝the boy)

(2)关系代词whose实际上是先行词的所有格

The boy whose parents were dead was brought up by his grandfather.(whose＝the boy's)

(3)关系副词实际上是“介词＋先行词”

The school where I study is far from my home. (where＝in the school)

5．分类

(1)限制性定语从句

它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用���号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。

Do you know the girl who just came in?

你认识那个刚刚进来的女孩吗？

The time when I first met Mr White was a very difficult period of my life.我第一次遇见怀特先生时是我生命中一个非常艰难的时期。

(2)非限制性定语从句

它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。

The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company.

这个老妇人一个人住，养了一只猫陪伴她。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.

我去年买的那栋房子有一个漂亮的花园。

短文改错解题“3视角”

1．忽视先行词

2．混淆关系词的用法

(1)错用which和that；

(2)误把what当成关系代词；

(3)介词后的关系代词不能使用that。

3．没有考虑关系词在从句中充当的成分

据第1条解题

1. On the other hand, I can see the singers' stories, who are so inspiring.
2. You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station where you can hire to reach your host family.

据第2条解题

1. She thanked me several times sincerely, that made me feel extremely proud.

4．Secondly, manage our time wisely by setting up a study schedule, that can help us improve our learning efficiency.

5．Looking at the spot what he thought the “fly” was again, he was so angry that he slapped it with all his strength

6．Last week, I along with my classmates was asked to attend a lecture, the theme of what was environmental protection.

7．On Tuesday morning, the students from both countries are to visit the Forbidden City, about that Mr Zhang will tell some interesting stories

据第3条解题

1. When I was 12, I met Mary. She came to China with her parents, whom taught English in a university.
2. In the square which many senior citizens were dancing, I found several elders buried in feeding birds.

10．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of them left their village homes for a better life in the city.

答案：who→which、where→which、that→which、that→which、.what→where

what→which、. that→which_、whom→who、which→where、them→whom

短文改错

Last month, I give some of my clothes to a girl who needed it because her parents didn't have money to buy her new clothes. In school, this girl was the victim of bullying because the clothes that she wore. So I went home and was told mom that I'd like to collect something for her. Knew what she suffered in the school broke my heart. Sometimes young people are so mean to others which don't have money to buy some expensive thing. This has to change because it is not clothes or shoes that make the person. It is what we have by our heart and our soul that real matters.

答案：第一句：give→gave; it→them

第二句：because后加of

第三句：去掉was

第四句：Knew→Knowing

第五句：which→who; thing→things

第六句：the→a

第七句：by→in; real→really