2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法复习讲义考点（七）常用介词（真题讲解+知识总结）

这是一份2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法复习讲义考点（七）常用介词（真题讲解+知识总结），共8页。

课堂真题讲解
[全析考法]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1． If yu are nt ging t suffer this prblem, then I suggest that the next time yu g t yur mum's hme ________ dinner, get a few cking tips frm her.
解析：fr 此处fr ...与前面的g t ...搭配，表示目的。
2．This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity (医学界) ________ a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side effects such as verweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.
解析：as 分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语表示“作为一种抵抗心脏病的方式”。as意为“作为”。
3． After schl she plans t take a year ff t mdel fulltime befre ging t university t get a degree ________ engineering r architecture.
解析：in 名词degree意为“学位”，后面应该跟介词in，表示“在……方面”。a degree in engineering r architecture意为“工程学或建筑学学位”。
4．Chpsticks are nt used everywhere in Asia.In India, fr example, mst peple traditinally eat ________ their hands.
解析：with with ne's hands“用某人的手”。介词with意为“用”。
5． The mther cntinued t care fr the yung panda ________ mre than tw years.
解析：fr 句意：熊猫妈妈对小熊猫的照顾会持续两年多。“fr＋时间段”表示持续一段时间。
6． Fr thse wh fly t Guilin, it's nly an hur away __________ car and ffers all the scenery f the betterknwn city.
解析：by 此处表示“驱车只有一小时的路程”。“by＋交通工具名词”为固定用法。
7． One day, the cw was eating grass when it began t rain heavily.While making great effrts t run away, she fell ver the hill and died.Then the Jhnsns had t make a living ________ the cw.
解析：withut 根据语境可知，奶牛在慌忙躲雨的时候，不小心摔死了，因此约翰逊一家人就不得不在没有了奶牛的情况下谋生。故填withut。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1． At the end f ur trip, I tld my father that I planned t return fr every tw years, and he agreed.________________
解析：去掉fr 此处的every tw years是名词性短语，意为“每两年”，在句中作状语，其前不用介词。
2． Still I was unwilling t play the games fr them smetimes.________________
解析：fr→with play the games with sb.为习惯性用法，意为“和某人一起玩游戏”。
3． When I lk at this picture f myself, I realize f hw fast time flies.________________
解析：去掉第二个f realize是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语从句“hw fast time flies”。
4． Unfrtunately, n the develpment f industrializatin, the envirnment has been plluted.________________
解析：n→with with the develpment f为固定短语，意为“随着……的发展”。
5． One day, little Tny went t a shpping center with his parents.It was very crwded.Tny saw a ty n a shp windw.________________
解析：n→in 根据语境可知，玩具是摆放在商店的橱窗里面的，故用介词in。
6． My sccer cach retired in last week.________________
解析：去掉in last week“上个星期”，前面无需加介词。
7． Please help with me and give me sme advice.________________
解析：去掉with 动词help为及物动词，其后接宾语时无需加介词，故去掉with。
课后知识总结
[谨记规则]
1．against的用法
2．at的用法
3．beynd的用法
[易错提醒]
如果表达“(范围、程度)在……之内”，则用within。
The gvernment was ding everything within its pwer t help the victims. 政府正尽其所能帮助那些受害者。
4．by的用法
5．fr的用法
含义
例 句
反对；违背；
与……相反
Are yu fr r against the plan?
你是赞成还是反对该计划？
触；碰；撞；紧靠；倚靠
Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.
吉姆累了，背靠着一棵大树很快便睡着了。
与……竞争
We will be cmpeting against the best cmpanies in Eurpe.
我们将会和欧洲的顶级公司竞争。
防备，抵御
They tk measures against the fire.
他们采取了防火措施。
以……为背景，衬托
The hill lks mre beautiful against the blue sky.在蓝天的映衬下，山峰更显美丽。
含义及用法
例 句
用在表示地点、场合、方位等的名词前，表示“在某处”
I'll pick yu up at the airprt at 2 'clck this afternn.
今天下午两点我会到机场接你。
用在表示时刻、钟点、期间、……岁、时节等的名词前
He left schl at (the age f) 16.
他16岁便离开了学校。
表示“以，按(价格、速度、数量等)”
Admissin is at nrmal charges and yu dn't need t bk.
以正常价格收取门票费，无须预约。
表示“因……而；一听到/看到/想到……就……”
We were frightened at the terrible sight.看到这可怕的景象，我们被吓到了。
表示“朝，向(某方向、目标)”
He sht at the bird but missed it.
他向那只鸟射击，但是没射中。
表示“在……方面”
She's hpeless at managing peple.
她对人事管理一窍不通。
含义
例 句
(指程度)深于；(指范围)超出；(指可能性、理解力、能力等)为……所不及
The number f cities prducing CO beynd the standard has been reduced frm 40 t 9.
一氧化碳排放量超出标准的城市数量已经由40个减少为9个了。
(指空间)在……的那一边，在更远处
The airprt is 20 miles beynd the twn.机场在离城镇二十英里外的地方。
(时间)晚于，迟于
He came hme beynd the usual time.
他比平时回家晚。
含义及用法
例 句
(时间)不迟于，在……之前
He is sure t cme by three 'clck.
他三点之前肯定会来。
(位置)靠近，在……旁边/附近
On a cld evening, it is pleasant t sit by the fire.
在寒冷的夜晚，坐在炉火旁边很舒服。
表示“(标准、度量、数量)根据，按照，以……计算”，常用结构为“by＋the＋单数可数名词”
They sell eggs by the dzen.
他们按打卖鸡蛋。
We rent the car by the day.
我们按天租用汽车。
(表示程度、数量)相差
We lst the match by ne gal.
我们以一球之差输了这场比赛。
经过，经由
They came in by the back dr.
他们是从后门进来的。
靠，用，通过(某种方法、手段)
Yu can reserve the tickets by phne.
你可以通过电话订票。
“被/由……”(常置于表被动的动词后，后接动作的执行者)
He was kncked dwn by a car.
他被一辆小汽车撞倒了。
含义
例 句
(表示目的或功能)为了
Are yu learning English fr pleasure r fr yur wrk?
你学英语是出于消遣还是为了工作？
(表示对象或用途)给，对
The prblem was that it was t expensive fr everyday use.
问题是这对日常使用来说太贵了。
(表示原因)因为，由于
Bill was arrested fr dangerus driving.比尔因危险驾驶而被拘捕。
(表示时间、距离、数量)达，计
We drve fr miles befre we fund a gas statin.我们开车数英里后才找到一个加油站。
(表示等值或比例关系)换取
He agreed t pay 300 dllars fr the picture.他答应付300美元买下那幅画。
支持，赞成
Hw many peple vted fr the prpsal？有多少人支持这项提议？
至于，关于，就……而言
It's cld fr the time f year.
在一年的这个时节天气是冷了些。
(表示去向)往，向
A few days later she wuld be leaving fr New Yrk.过几天她就要去纽约了。
(表示陈述或问题的对象)适于，适合于
I'm sure she's the ideal persn fr the jb.
我确信她是这个职位的理想人选。