2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法复习讲义考点（八）常用介词短语与搭配

这是一份2021届河北衡水高三英语新高考语法复习讲义考点（八）常用介词短语与搭配，共14页。
课堂真题讲解
[全析考法]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I was searching ________ these three western lwland grillas I'd been bserving.
解析：fr search fr为固定搭配，意为“寻找，搜索”。
2． One cup f cffee ________ the late afternn r evening will cause them t stay awake almst all night.
解析：in in the late afternn为固定搭配，意为“在傍晚”。
3． It ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible crwds n the rads abve as they travelled t and ________ wrk.
解析：frm t and frm wrk为固定短语，意为“上下班”。
4． But my cnnectin with pandas ges back ________ my days n a TV shw in the mid1980s ...
解析：t g back t为固定短语，意为“回到，追溯到”。
5． Mst f us are mre fcused ________ ur tasks in the mrning than we are later in the day.
解析：n 句意：我们中的很多人一天中早晨的注意力要比晚些时候更集中。be fcused n为固定短语，意为“专心于，集中于”。
6． When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are nw cld enugh t cl the huse during the ht day; ________ the same time, they warm up again fr the night.
解析：at at the same time为固定短语，意为“同时”。
7． He sld r exchanged sme f the milk in the twns nearby ________ ther fd and made cheese and butter fr the family with what was left.
解析：fr 根据语境可知，他去附近的镇里卖牛奶，或用牛奶换其他的食物。exchange ...为固定搭配，意为“用……交换……”。
8． When the bus finally came, we all hurried n bard.I gt a place next ________ the windw, s I had a gd view f the sidewalk.
解析：t next t为固定搭配，意为“挨着”。
9． OK.Dn't laugh ________ me.I may lk funny.
解析：at laugh at是固定搭配，意为“嘲笑，取笑”。
10． I didn't understand why this wuld happen and my credit card had already been charged ________ the reservatin.
解析：fr 根据语境可知，“我”的信用卡已经为这次预订支付钱了。be charged fr是固定搭配，意为“为……支付”。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1． It was a relief and I came t a sudden stp just in the middle n the rad.________________
解析：n→f in the middle f “在……中间”，是固定搭配。
2． They have als bught fr sme gardening tls.________________
解析：去掉fr buy为及物动词，其后直接跟宾语。buy sth.(fr sb.)或buy sb.sth.表示“为某人买某物”。
3． My uncle says that he never dreams becming rich in a shrt perid f time.________________
解析：dreams后加f 固定短语dream f ding sth.意为“梦想做某事”。
4． While they chatted, my father wuld lift my sister and me up t sit in the tp f the fridge.________________
解析：in→n n the tp f为固定搭配，意为“在……的上面/顶端”。故应把in改为n。
5． My ld classrm was interesting because three sides f the classrm were made frm glass.________________
解析：frm→f be made frm和be made f都意为“由……制成”，但be made f是指从制成品中能直接看出原材料；be made frm则不能直接看出原材料。此处表示“教室的三面都是由玻璃制成的”，从制成品中可以看出原材料，故用be made f。
6． We can lie n the grass fr a rest, r sit by the lake listening music.________________
解析：listening后加t listen为不及物动词，后跟名词时应该加上介词t。
7．We appreciate yur aplgies and gdwill, but we hpe that yu can figure a gd way f settling the matter.________________
解析：figure后加ut figure ut“想出”，为固定短语。
8． If yu hear the alarm, stand in line at the dr and wait yur teacher t lead yu utside.________________
解析：wait后加fr wait为不及物动词，后面跟宾语时应加介词fr。
课后知识总结
[谨记规则]
(一)介词与动词构成的搭配
call fr 需要
pay fr 为……付款
apply fr 申请
search fr 寻找，搜索
wait fr 等待
begin with 以……开始
play with 同……一起玩；玩弄
care abut 关心；介意
feel like 想要
hld up 举起
rely n 依靠
pass by 经过
figure ut 想出
dream f 梦想
listen t 听
refer t 提及；参考；查阅
cntribute t 贡献；有助于；促成
laugh at 嘲笑
fcus n 集中于
charge ... fr ... 为……要价……
exchange ... fr ... 用……来交换……
g back t 追溯到
(二)介词与名词构成的搭配
1．at＋n.表示状态
at a lss 不知所措 at peace 处于和平状态
at war 处于战争状态 at wrk 在工作
2．其他以at开头的介词短语
at the beginning f 在……的开始
at the cst f 以……的代价
at the risk f 冒……的危险
at the mercy f 在……支配下；任由……摆布
at the same time 同时
3．n＋n.表示状态
n exhibitin/shw 在展出
n fire 着火
n sale 出售，打折
n the way 在途中
n the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加
n hliday/vacatin 在度假
4．其他以n开头的介词短语
n accunt f 因为
n behalf f 代表
n n accunt/cnditin 决不
n the tp f 在……上面/顶端
5．by＋n.表示方式
by accident 偶然地 by air/plane 乘飞机
by chance 偶然 by cincidence 碰巧
by hand 用手工 by mistake 错误地
by the day 按天算 by nature 天生地
6．in＋n.表示方式
in cash 用现金付款 in depth 在深度上
in detail 详细地 in height 在高度上
in length 在长度上 in English 用英语
7．其他以in开头的介词短语
in n time立刻 in n way 决不
in place f 代替 in pssessin f 拥有，占有
in additin t 另外 in charge f 掌管……
in return 作为回报 in spite f 尽管
in exchange fr 作为交换
in favr f 支持，赞成
in case f 万一；如果；假使
in supprt f 为支持……
in hnur f 为向……表示敬意
in memry f 为了纪念……
in the middle f 在……中间
8．f＋n.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)
f benefit 有益处的 f help 有帮助的
f imprtance 重要的 f significance 有意义的
f use 有用的 f value 有价值的
9．ut f＋n.表示状态
ut f balance 失去平衡 ut f breath 上气不接下气
ut f cntrl 失去控制 ut f date 过期
ut f rder 发生故障 ut f sight 看不见
ut f the questin 不可能
ut f wrk 失业
10．under＋n.表示被动
under attack 遭到袭击 under pressure 在压力下
under treatment 在治疗中 under cntrl 处于控制之中
11．with＋n.表示方式
with delight/jy 高兴地 with difficulty 困难地
with ease轻而易举地 with fear 害怕地
with pleasure 乐意地
12．beynd＋n.表示“超出……，难以……”
beynd cmpare 无与伦比
beynd reach 够不到
beynd descriptin 难以描述
beynd expressin/wrds 难以表达
(三)介词与其他词构成的搭配
next t紧挨着 instead f代替
apart frm除……之外 accrding t根据
alng with随着 tgether with连同
wing t因为 but fr要不是
regardless f不管，不顾 up t直到；由……而定
t and frm 往返，来来回回
in between 在中间，在两者之间
by means f 用……办法；借助……
语法填空解题“2策略”
1．分析句子成分
如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词、代词或动名词前一定是填介词。
2．记牢搭配
(1)注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用；
(2)注意有特殊用法的介词，如接复合宾语就只能用with或withut。
据第1条解题
1．She patted him n the head and said, “My little by, d yu feel cmfrtable nw than befre？”
2．Chinese prverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peple's daily life.Behind these prverbs there are ften interesting stries.
3．If yu culd exchange lives with smene fr a shrt time, wuld yu like t d that?
4．Atkins' dg, Otis, waited in the nearby bushes uneasily.
据第2条解题
5．As a result, he spends his life in a wheelchair and cannt write by means f a pen r pencil.
6．But wildlife tday disappears r is in danger just because humans d harm t it.
7．But ne day I came acrss a sentence in the Bible，“D nt be anxius abut tmrrw, fr tmrrw will be anxius fr itself, let the day's wn truble be sufficient fr the day.”
8．The effect that music can have n ur emtins is tremendus, as it can bring peple t flds f tears r bursts f laughter.
9．Many times we dn't realize hw rutine ur lives have becme and hw much we take them fr granted until we find urselves in a new situatin.
10．The teacher paused n purpse t remind the students t stp talking.
11．While teens becme busy with their studies, it is very imprtant t develp a hbby, which can nt nly give them fun and rest but als braden their hrizns.
12．First, they care abut scial cncerns.
短文改错解题“3视角”
1．介词的漏用
(1)如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词或代词前经常是缺少介词；
(2)某些不及物动词后漏加介词，以及某些短语中介词缺失，如lk (at), listen (t), take care (f), be fit (fr), accrding (t)等。
2．介词的多余
(1)不该用介词的短语中用了介词，如next year常写成in next year；
(2)有些及物动词后多加了介词，如enter the rm错写成enter int the rm, return my bk错写成return back/t my bk等。
3．介词的误用
(1)n, in, at等介词的基本用法或基础词义的混用；
(2)固定搭配中的介词的误用；
(3)“介词＋关系代词”中介词的误用；
(4)受汉语思维影响误把介词当连词。
据第1条解题
1．When the ld man came back, the smell f the whisky reminded him the accident.him后加f
2．Only if we are fully prepared the challenge bth mentally and physically can we vercme the difficulties.prepared后加fr
3．I'm very glad t receive yur email asking fr infrmatin abut the hst family we have arranged yu t stay with.yu前加fr
据第2条解题
4．One f them, wh seemed in his thirties, praised n me fr my selfcnfidence.去掉n
5．Gradually, I became interested in bilgy and chse t learn bilgy when I entered int the cllege.去掉int
6．But n tday, at this special time, I just want t tell yu ludly: I lve yu, Mm！去掉n
据第3条解题
7．I als d well at speaking English.at→in
8．It's the relatinship amng my deskmate and me.amng→between
9．There was ne n particular I'd always wanted.n→in
10．Fr his pinin, actrs shuld g n even when they feel they have made mistakes in their perfrmances.Fr→In
11．Nt nly is he strict with his teaching but als he is kind and patient t everybdy.with→in
12．In fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came ver t play r d hmewrk with me.during→when

Ⅰ.语法填空
Peple need hmes: children assume their parents' place as hme; barders call schl “hme” n weekdays; and __1__ (marry) cuples wrk tgether t build new hmes.S hw abut peple wh have t travel fr extended perids f time? Dn't they have the right __2__ (wn) a hme? Of curse they d.
Sme regular __3__ (travel) take their wn belngings like bed sheets, pillwcases and family phts t make themselves feel like at hme n matter where they are.Sme stay fr lng perids in __4__ same htel and as a result becme very familiar with the service and attendants.Others may __5__ (simple) put sme flwers by the htel windw t make things mre hmely.Furthermre, driving a camping car during ne's travels and sleeping in the vehicle __6__ night are just like hme.
Nwadays, fewer peple wrk in __7__ (they) lcal twns, s hw d they develp a sense f __8__ (belng)? Whenever we step ut f ur lcal bundaries, there __9__ (be) always anther “hme” waiting t __10__ (find). Wherever we are, with just a little bit f effrt and imaginatin, we can make the place where we stay “hme”．
1．married 考查词性转换。所填词作定语，修饰cuples，故用形容词married“已婚的”。
2．t wn 考查非谓语动词。have the right t d sth.“有做某事的权力”，是固定用法。
3．travelers 考查名词复数。所填词作主语，前面有sme修饰，故填名词复数travelers。
4．the 考查冠词。same前用定冠词the。
5．simply 考查词性转换。所填词修饰动词put，作状语，故用副词simply。
6．at 考查介词。at night“夜间”，是固定短语。
7．their 考查代词。所填词作定语，修饰名词twns，故用形容词性物主代词their。
8．belnging 考查词性转换。介词f后跟动名词作宾语。
9．is 考查动词的时态与主谓一致。there be句型中be动词与后面最靠近的主语一致，此处应与anther “hme”一致，且句子讲述客观事实，故用is。
10．be fund 考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知，find与其逻辑主语hme之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。
Ⅱ.短文改错
It's nt easy fr us t accept the fact which we are ging t leave ur belved schl.Hwever, we were lking frward t ur future life.Last night, my friends and I walked arund ur schl talk abut the funny things that had been happened in the past three years.Suddenly, I gt idea.I said t him we shuld make a deal that we culd get tgether here fur years late.My friends were s exciting abut it, and they agreed t me.I started t think abut what I wuld becme in the future.I may becme a teacher, r a dctr.I think the deal will help us keep in tuches with each ther.
答案：第一句：which→that
第二句：were→are
第三句：talk→talking; 去掉 been
第四句：idea 前加 an
第五句：him→them; late→later
第六句：exciting→excited; t→with
第九句：tuches→tuch