Unit 5 教学 知识细解码 教材讲解 2021-2022学年 外研版（2019）高中英语必修第一册

1．annual adj.一年一度的，每年的→annually adv.一年一度地2．determine v．测定，确定→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的→ determination n．决心；决定3．eventual adj.最后的；最终的；结果的→eventually adv.终于，最终4．solve vt.解决；解答→solution n．解决，解决方法5．amaze vt.使吃惊；惊讶→amazed adj.感到吃惊的→amazement n．惊奇→amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的6．survive vi.活下来，幸存→survival n．幸存→survivor n．幸存者7．effect n．影响，结果→effective adj.有效的，有影响的→effectively adv.有效地position n.位置，方位；姿势；身份，地位；职位，职务；处境，状况①No one could find their position on the map and they were lost.        位置 ②He was sent to hold a high position in the firm.              地位，职位③Now let us look at the wage position.                             状况④The man was lying in a very uncomfortable position.                姿势Words and Phrases　seek vt.寻找，寻求(教材原句P50)They migrate to find food，seek a partner，or in search of warmer weather.他们迁徙或为了寻找食物，或为了寻找伴侣，或为了寻找温暖的天气。[例]　He sought out his friend in the crowd.他在人群中找到了他的朋友。[知识拓展]seek to do sth.　 设法、企图做某事seek after/for     追求，探索seek out     搜寻出；挑选出；找到seek one's fortune     外出寻找发财机会，外出闯荡[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The young singer seeks to sing (sing)a song which can be spread nationwide.②Why do modern people seek after/for material possessions?③He sought out a comfortable place where he could lie down and take a rest.　measure v.量，测量；衡量linking verb(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为n.措施，方法；计量标准(教材原句P50)They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day.It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun.他们发现黑脉金斑蝶可以分辨出一天的时刻。它用眼睛来测量太阳的方位。[例]　The tailor asked me to stand there to measure my waist.裁缝让我站那里测量一下我的腰围。[知识拓展]take measures to do sth.　 采取措施做某事to one's own measure     按照某人自己的尺寸[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The local government is supposed to take effective measures to protect (protect)wildlife in no time.②The table measures (measure)at least 1.50 meters in length.③The tailor made a suit to the poor boy's own measure.[小片段填空]Education shouldn't be measured only by examination results.The government should take useful and effective measures to improve education.(measure)　determine v.测定，确定，查明，准确算出；决定；安排(教材原句P50)These two pieces of information—the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky—allow the butterfly to determine the way to go.这两条信息——一天中的时刻和太阳在空中的方位——让黑脉金斑蝶确定它的路线。[例]　No matter what happens，she has determined to tell the truth.无论发生什么事，她都已经决定把真相说出来。[知识拓展](1)determine to do sth.　 (表示动作)决心做     某事，决定做某事determine on sth.     决心/决定……(2)determination n．[U] 决心，果断，坚定，决定，确定(3)determined adj.     坚定的，坚决的be determined to do sth.   (表示状态)决心做某事，决意做某事[即学即练]　单句语法填空①I am determined to make (make)full use of my spare time to do exercise.②He patted me on the shoulder，with a determined(determine)look，saying that I had the chance to succeed.③The scientist spend a whole week in the lab，determined to find(find)out the real cause of the reaction.[小片段填空]Some related students were determined to keep silent about what happened.Our headteacher set out to determine what happened that night.His determined look changed some of the students.(determine)　amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的(教材原句P51)The solution to the mystery of the monarch's amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.黑脉金斑蝶这一惊人的奥秘被揭开时，这一生物正处于水深火热的生存状态中。[例]　A senior high school is an amazing place，filled with chances and excitement that can't be found anywhere else.高中校园是一个令人惊奇的地方，充满了其他地方找不到的机会和激动。[知识拓展](1)amaze vt.　　　　 使惊奇(2)amazed adj.     大为惊奇的be amazed at/by/that...     对……感到惊奇be amazed to do sth.    惊奇地做某事(3)amazement n.     惊奇，惊诧to one's amazement    令某人感到惊奇的是in amazement    惊奇地[即学即练]　单句语法填空①It was only after we had watched Amazing China that we realized what amazing(amaze)achievements China has made in the past five years.②The amazed expression on her face suggested she was amazed when she heard the news.(amaze)③Much to my amazement (amaze)，he was able to recite(背诵)the whole poem from memory.[小片段填空]It is amazing that he never gets tired.What makes us more amazed is that he learns almost everything faster than others.To our amazement，he could always find a way to solve the difficult problems before him.(amaze)　destroy v.破坏，摧毁，毁掉(教材原句P51)In many of the places where the butterfly can be found，people are destroying the natural environment.在黑脉金斑蝶生存的许多地方，人们正在破坏自然环境。[例]　A number of paintings in Cathédrale Notre Dame de Paris were destroyed in a fire in 2019.巴黎圣母院里的许多油画在2019年被一场大火毁掉了。[知识拓展]destruction n.　　 破坏，摧毁，毁灭destructive adj.   毁灭性的，引起破坏的[词义辨析]　destroy，damage，ruindestroyv. 多指彻底的、毁灭性的破坏，含有不能或很难再修复的意味。damagev. &n.多指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的事物，一般还可以修复。ruinv.& n．多指出于外部原因而受到严重破坏以致不能修复，且这种破坏使某物失去价值或用处。也可用于引申意义，表示希望、愿望的破灭。[即学即练]　选词填空(destroy，damage，ruin)①Before the firemen arrived，the whole building had already been completely destroyed in the big fire.②The rainy weather lasted for a couple of days，completely ruining our plan for a picnic.③The truck whose engine was damaged yesterday is being repaired in the garage now.[小片段填空]In the spring of 2020，a big fire destroyed a large part of the forest in the western Australia.People's  destructive activities may cause the destruction of the earth.(destroy)　cut down砍倒；削减，缩小(数量、数目或尺寸)(教材原句P51)They cut down trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars eat.人们砍伐树木，他们所使用的化学制剂杀死了黑脉金斑蝶幼虫食用的植物。[例]　 It was by cutting down the number of the staff that she saved the company.正是通过裁员，她才挽救了公司。[知识拓展]cut in　　　 插嘴，打断(谈话)cut off     打断；停止，中断(供给)；     使……与外界隔离cut down on...     减少/缩减……cut up     切碎[即学即练]　用cut的相关短语完成句子①Tom has been told to have the tree cut down．②The doctor had to cut off the worker's arm to save his life.③Children should be taught not to cut in when other people are talking.④Having the apple that has been cut up is not good for the children's teeth.　survive vi.生存，存活，继续存在vt.幸存，幸免于难；比……活(或存在)的时间长(教材原句P51)The more we know about this lovely creature，the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.我们对这种可爱的生物了解得越多，它生存下来并在很长一段时间内保持它在自然界中的地位的可能性就越大。[例]　It is hard to imagine the young man surviving on such a low salary.很难想象这个年轻人靠这么少的工资生存下来。[知识拓展](1)survive on sth.　　 依靠……生活survive sb.by ＋时间     比某人多活……(2)survival n．[U]  幸存，生存，存活survivor n.     幸存者，生还者[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The only way for us human to survive (survive)is to live in harmony with nature.②She survived her husband by ten years.[小片段填空]Fortunately，Mr. Johnson was one of the survivors who survived the earthquake.He told us he survived on a bottle of water.Everyone said his survival was a wonder.(survive)Sentence Patterns　替代词that的用法(教材原句P50)One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.北美黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙是大自然中最为美妙的迁徙之一。句式分析：本句是简单句，that替代的是the migration。[例1] The weather today is no better than that of yesterday.今天的天气比昨天好不到哪里去。(that替代的是the weather)[例2]　The book I bought yesterday has more detailed information about the war than that you referred to me。(that替代的是the book)关于那场战争，我昨天买的那本书比你向我提到的那本书有更详细的资料。[词义辨析]　that，one，itthat只指物，不指人。可代替有定冠词的可数名词和不可数名词，指的是同类事物中另一样东西，即同类异物。复数用those。that/those需带后置定语。one可指人或物。只代替有不定冠词的可数名词，是泛指，复数形式为ones。one/ones既可带后置定语，也可带前置定语。it代指上文提到的名词，指同类事物中的同一物体，复数为they。[即学即练]　用适当的代词填空①In many ways，the education system in the US is not very different from that in the UK.②I was blessed with a happy childhood，one that everyone else wanted to have.③Older staff members are more experienced while younger ones are more energetic and have better foreign language skills.④I've lost my smartphone and I'm looking for it．　the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)(教材原句P51)The more we know about this lovely creature，the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.我们对这种可爱的生物了解得越多，它生存下来并在未来很长一段时间内保持它在自然界中的地位的可能性就越大。句式分析：句中“The more we know”和“the greater the chance it will survive” 属于“the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语，the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语”句式，表示“越……就越……”(1)通常情况下，这一句式中的前者即前一个“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”相当于条件状语从句；后者即后一个“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”相当于主句。(2)该句式表示后者随着前者的变化而变化。(3)在表示将来意义的情况下，前者常用一般现在时，后者常用一般将来时。(4)如果句意明确，该句式常以省略形式出现，即“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”。如The more，the better。[例1]　The harder you study，the more progress you will make.你越是努力学习，你获得的进步就会越多。[例2]　The more he explained，the more confused we became.他越解释，我们越困惑。[知识拓展](1)比较级＋and＋比较级　越来越……(表示自身程度的改变)(2)the＋比较级＋of the two＋可数名词复数，表示“两者中比较……的那一个”。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The more fat you take in，the greater burden you'll put on your body.②The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make(make).③E­commerce has become more and more popular as people have discovered the advantages of online shopping.教材高考1.One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.(2020·江苏卷)The daily number of newly cured and discharged (出院)patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases.2.These two pieces of information—the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky—allow the butterfly to determine the way to go.(2019·天津卷)Driven by heaven­knows­what motives，he determines to write a book.3.The solution to the mystery of the monarch's amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It's an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals，corporations，and other social organizations.4.The more we know about this lovely creature，the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.(2019 ·浙江卷)Usually，the stranger the idea is，the more it gets noticed.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)It's true，the older I get，the more I feel time has wings. Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Some immediate measures should be taken to solve (solve)these problems.2．Hard as it is，the Chinese government is determined to open (open)up the new Silk Road.3．Much to his relief，his son eventually (eventual)passed the driving test.4．It may take a long time for us to find the solution to the problem.5．It was amazing(amaze)that the little boy came first in the running competition.6．Human activity will have a great effect on the future of the earth.7．The more we do for the children，the happier (happy)they will feel.8．The policemen were seeking after/for the truth of the accident.9．Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.10．The discovery of new evidence led to the thief's being caught(catch).Ⅱ.短语填空in trouble，the solution to，at certain times，make sure，feed on，in the last few years，lead to，in search of，cut down，find out 1．If the American government couldn't deal with the accident properly，it would lead to more violence.2．More woods have been cut down in order to build more houses.3．Make sure that you have understand what the teacher said.4．The butterflies feed on flowers of different plants.5．Try not to make yourself in trouble because there is going to be an exam tomorrow.6. Many changes have taken place in his hometown in the last few years．7．So far they haven't found the solution to this problem.8．Rescuing workers are digging through the ruins in search of other victims.9．He can be really bad­tempered at certain times．10．Would you call me as soon as you find out where she is?Ⅲ.课文语法填空At certain times of the year，we can see many animals move from one place to 1.another．This movement 2.is called(call)migration.They migrate 3.to find(find)food，a partner or to search for 4.warmer(warm)weather.Every fall，millions of beautiful monarch 5.butterflies(butterfly)begin the journey.They manage to travel a long distance to the places 6.where they will spend the winter.Scientists find the monarch is able to tell 7.the time of day.It then uses 8.its(it)eyes to measure the position of the sun.But the population of them 9.has crashed(crash)in the last few years.The more we know about them，the greater the chance they 10.will survive(survive).