Unit 3 教学 知识细解码 教材讲解 2021-2022学年 外研版（2019）高中英语必修第一册

1．assume v.假定，假设，认为→assuming  conj. 假设2．respect v.尊敬，敬重→respectable adj.值得尊敬的→respectful  adj.表示敬意的 3．ignore v．忽视，不理→ignorance  n．无知，愚昧4．profession n．职业，专业→professional adj.职业的，专业的5．suit v．适合→suitable  adj. 适当的，相配的6．talent n．天赋，才能→talented  adj.有才能的，多才的7．option n．选择，可选择的东西→optional  adj.可选择的，随意的character n．性格，个性；特点；人品；(书、剧本、电影等中的)人物，角色；字；符号①She had Mickey Mouse or some other cartoon characters on her sweater.                                           角色，人物②It is typical of her character to make her room tidy and clean.性格③The rumor(谣言)can damage a person's character.                 人品④The foreign student is writing his letter in beautiful Chinese characters.                                               字 ⑤The whole character of the village has changed since I was last here.                                                   特点Words and Phrases　approach v.走近，靠近n.方式，方法，途径；道路，入口；靠近，走近(教材原句P27)Son：(nervously approaching the table)Erm...Dad，can we talk?儿子：(紧张地靠近桌子)呃……爸爸，我们能谈谈吗？[例]　He came up with a new approach to working out the puzzling maths problem.他想出了解决这个数学难题的新方法。[知识拓展](1)approach sb. on/about (doing)sth.　　　　　　　　　 与某人商量(做)某事(2)an approach to...   通往……的道路an approach to doing sth.  做某事的方法at the approach of     在快到……的时候，     随着……的来临[即学即练]　单句语法填空① All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops.②Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working (work)things out.③At the meeting they discussed three different approaches (approach)to the study of mathematics.[小片段填空]He approached (approach)me slowly so as to discuss the best approach to learning (learn)foreign languages with me.　focus v.(把……)集中(于)n.焦点；(兴趣、活动等的)中心(教材原句P27)I want to focus on my band and have a career in music when I leave school.我想专心搞我的乐队，等(高中)毕业以后从事音乐行业。[例]　I am so tired that I can't focus on anything today.我今天太累了，不能集中精力做任何事。[知识拓展](1)focus on/upon  集中(注意力)于……(2)in focus　      清晰的，焦距对准的out of focus　      模糊的，不清楚的；焦距没有对准的[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①The discussion focused on three main problems.②With so many people focusing (focus)their eyes on him，he felt very nervous.③你应该把你的精力集中在你的功课上。You should focus your attention/mind on/upon your lessons.[小片段填空]The teacher reminded Tom to focus his attention on what she was saying.So all the other students looked at him.He became the focus of the class.　assume v.假定，假设，认为(教材原句P27)You just assume I want to be a lawyer，but that's only because you are a lawyer.你想当然地认为我想当律师，但那只是因为你自己是律师。[例]　It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，压力是工作太多所致。[知识拓展](1)It is generally assumed that... 普遍认为……assuming (that)...     假设……(2)assumption n.     假定，假设make an assumption/assumptions about　     对……作出假设on the assumption that　 假定……，假设……[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Some cyclists make the assumption (assume)that traffic laws do not apply to them.It is not true，though.②Assuming (assume)that you were a manager of a company，which college student do you want to hire?③Where unemployment and crime are high，it can be assumed (assume)that the latter is due to the former.[小片段填空]It is generally assumed(assume)that hard work leads to great success，so we assume him to be (be)successful.But assuming (assume)that he isn't that lucky，what shall we do to comfort him?　respect v.尊敬，敬重 n.尊敬，敬重；方面，细节；问候(复数)(教材原句P27)Lawyers help people and are respected by others.律师可以帮助他人并且受人尊重。[例]　Respect yourself，or no one will respect you.君须自敬，人乃敬之。[知识拓展](1)respectful adj.　 礼貌的；恭敬的respectable adj.　  令人尊敬的；体面的(2)respect sb.＝ show/have respect for sb.     尊重某人respect sb. for sth.  因某事而尊重某人respect oneself     自尊，自重[即学即练]　单句语法填空①I respect you for your honesty.②I can't agree with your opinion in this respect.③Children should show respect for their teachers.[小片段填空]Our English teacher often respects our opinions.Everyone in our class says he is a respectable teacher and we should be respectful to him.(respect)　ignore v.不理；忽视(教材原句P27)ignoring Grandfather's words 忽视祖父的话[例]　Do you frequently ignore work，study，and other activities to check your phone for messages?你经常把工作、学习和其他活动置于一旁而去查看手机短信吗？[知识拓展](1)ignorance n.　　 无知；忽视 out of ignorance　     出于无知(2)ignorant adj.     无知的，愚昧的be ignorant of/about sth.  不知道某事 be ignorant that...     不知道……[即学即练]　单句语法填空①At that time I realized how ignorant (ignore)I had been of the bone marrow(骨髓)donation process.②His ignorance (ignore)led to a terrible fire，which burned down the building.③I said hello to him，but he ignored (ignore)me completely.[小片段填空]Your mistakes shouldn't be ignored if you want to make greater progress.If you are ignorant of them on purpose，they will cause you much trouble some day.Your ignorance of them will pay off in your future job.(ignore)　(教材原句P27)Yes，and you have found the career that suits your talents.是的，然后你找到了适合自己天分的职业。(1)suit vt.适合；合(某人)心意；合身n.西装[例]　—Five o'clock？5点钟行吗？—Any time will suit me.什么时候对我来说都行。[知识拓展](1)suit sb.(fine) (很)合某人的意；     对某人来说(很)合适suit sth.to sth./sb.  使适合(或适应)某物/某人(2)suitable adj.     合适的，适宜的 unsuitable adj.     不合适的be suitable for...     适合于……be suitable to do...     适合做某事[即学即练]　单句语法填空①It suits(suit)me fine to see a movie this Saturday night.②She had the ability to suit her performance to the audience.③I reminded them that this program was not suitable for children.[小片段填空]You'd better choose the suit that suits you.As you know，what is suitable for others may be unsuitable for you.(suit)(2)talent n.天才，天赋，天资；有才能的人，天才，人才；才能[例]　He has a lot of talent，and his work is fresh and interesting.他很有天赋，作品新颖有趣。[知识拓展](1)have a talent/gift for...　 有……天赋show a talent for     展现出……的天赋(2)talented adj.     有才干的，有才能的[即学即练]　单句语法填空①He is a man of many talents．As a well­known talented musician，he also has a talent for cooking.(talent)②Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.Sentence Patterns　全部倒装(教材原句P27)Oh look，here comes my boy.看，我儿子过来了。句式分析：副词here位于句首时引起的全部倒装。[例1]　Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top...下面表格中金属反应最强的排在上面……[例2]　Here are the conclusions we got from the careful research.下面就是我们通过仔细的调查得出的结论。[知识拓展](1)当here，there，now，then，in，out，down，up，off，away 等表示地点、时间和方位的副词位于句首时，谓语动词是come，go，be，lie，stand 等，且主语是名词时，句子要用全部倒装。其中谓语动词多用一般现在时或者一般过去时，不能用进行时态。(2)当表示地点的介词词组位于句首时，为加强语气，常用全部倒装。(3)有时为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时，需要全部倒装。[即学即练]　句型转换(改为倒装句)①A seat is for you here，Wang Lin.Here is a seat for you，Wang Lin.②An old man with a white beard(胡须)came in.In came an old man with a white beard.③A young man with a magazine in his hand sat by the window.By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.　This/That/It is because...(教材原句P27)You just assume I want to be a lawyer，but   that's   only because   you are a lawyer.你想当然地认为我想当律师，但那只是因为你自己是律师。句式分析：This/That/It is because...这/那是因为……。[例1]　From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。[例2]　He didn't attend the party last night.That was because  he was too busy.他昨晚没有参加聚会，那是因为他太忙了。[知识拓展]This is why...　　　 这就是……的原因，why引导表语 从句，从句表示结果。This is because... 这是因为……，because引导表语 从句，从句表示原因。The reason why...is that... ……的原因是……，why引导定语从 句，并在从句中作状语；that引导表 语从句(切记此处不可用because)。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①An accident happened on the main road.That is why traffic seemed to slow suddenly.②He has heart disease.That is because he has been smoking too much.③The main reason why I like her so much is that she is one of the kindest teachers I have ever had.教材高考1.nervously approaching the table(2020·浙江卷)In Bellevue，the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches.2.You know you can always turn to your dad for a chat.(2020·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)He turned to the forest department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.3.I want to focus on my band and have a career in music when I leave school.(2020·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Too often，when you stand up to give a speech，you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.”4.You just assume I want to be a lawyer，but that's only because you are a lawyer.(2020·北京卷)They were much stronger than modern humans，but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were smarter than the Neanderthals.5.ignoring Grandfather's words(2017 ·天津卷)Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.6.I'm so proud of you.(2020·北京卷)But for the rest of the time she is a super dog，and we are all really proud of her. Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．We will feel ignored(ignore)if our success hasn't been shared.2．With the National Day approaching(approach)，everyone is making preparations for the celebrations.3．In the canteen，there are plenty of options (option)for a dinner.4．Du Fu is a great poet of the Tang Dynasty and he is respected (respect)as “Sage of Poetry”．5．The father as well as his three children goes (go)skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.6．Johnson suggests we should focus on teaching (teach)students to master the reading skills.7．She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character.8．It is assumed (assume)that nature has an orderly regulated system.9．This book，written in simple Chinese，is suitable(suit)for children under 9.10．Huang Doudou showed a talent for dancing at such an early age.Ⅱ.短语填空as well as，calm down，jump in with both feet，focus on，take one's advice，turn to，in the end，be proud of，at the same time，in surprise 1．It's noisy outside.As a result，I just can't focus on my work.2．Calm down，Steven.Mr.Robert will be coming to help us and there is nothing to worry about.3．The old couple were proud of their son's success，but they kept silent.4．I worked harder than before，but at the same time I really liked my state.5．Whatever happens，you may turn to me for help.6．All factories，shops as well as the school were locked down during the outbreak of the epidemic.7．After a long and heated discussion，they reached an agreement in the end．8．You can't jump in with both feet and start your new business without thinking carefully.9．When the professor announced the final result，all the students looked at him in surprise．10．When your parents advise you to do something，you'd better take their advice．Ⅲ.课文语法填空The grandfather and the father，1.seated (seat)at the table，are playing chess.The son 2.nervously (nervous)approaches the table and tells his father he has decided not 3.to go (go)to university.He wants to focus 4.on his band and has a career in music when he leaves school.The father thinks 5.playing (play)in a band is not a job and he wants 6.his (he)son to be a lawyer because he thinks people show respect for lawyers.7.However，the son is not interested in law.The grandfather advises the son to think carefully 8.before jumping in with both 9.feet (foot).The grandfather says if the son goes to university and plays music at the same time，he 10.will have (have)two options for his future.