Unit 2 预习 新知早知道1 教材讲解 2021-2022学年 外研版（2019）高中英语必修第一册

Ⅰ.匹配词义A.单词匹配(　　)1.sculpt　 A．adj.difficult to understand; not clear(　　)2.sculpture     B．n.雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品(　　)3.opposing     C．adj.that can be seen(　　)4.confusing     D．v.雕刻，雕塑(　　)5.visible　     E．adj.(观点、意见等)相反的， 相对立的[答案]　1－5　DBEACB．短语匹配(　　)1.burn up　 A．给(机械)上发条； 使(活动、会议等)结束 (　　)2.speaking of     B．烧毁，烧尽 (　　)3.in one's free time  C．在某人的业余时间(　　)4.fill in/out     D．说到，谈及(　　)5.wind up     E．填写[答案]　1－5　BDCEAⅡ.默写单词1．title n.     题目，标题2．behavior n.  举止，行为3．unique adj.     独一无二的，独特的4．alarm n.     警报器；闹钟5．reflect v.     显示，反映6．creativity n.     创造性，创造力7．creative adj.     创造(性)的Ⅰ.语境填空confusing，alarm，visible，reflect，title，unique，sculpt，behavior，creativity，opposing1．—How can you wake up so early?—Set the alarm at 5：00 a．m. and you'll make it.2．The number of college graduates in a country can reflect its cultural standards.3．The city filled with unique buildings is a city for lovers of history，architecture and food.4．The improper behavior of some judges made Chinese players upset.5．He had the opposing view and felt that the war was immoral.6．A good teacher，like a child in his soul，should have the creativity，imagination and exploration ability.7．In part one you will see how to sculpt the primary forms of the hand.8．Do you know what the title of her new book is?9．The house is clearly visible from the beach.10．Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning，which can be confusing．Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词 1．It's confusing (confuse)for graduates to be faced with 20 job offers.2．At our meeting we heard two opposing (oppose)opinions.3．The house is clearly visible (vision)from miles away.4．The writing of stories or plays is often called creative (create)writing.5．The number from the US office of Education is alarming(alarm).6．In the museum there is a marble sculpture(sculpt)of Venus.7．It's a bad behavior (behave)to smoke in public places where smoking isn't allowed.8．If your kids are bad，it's a reflection (reflect)on you.1．This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.这让我不禁思考，英语学起来怎么会是一门令人抓狂的语言。2．You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down，in which you fill in a form by filling it out，and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off!你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。在这门语言中，当一座房子“被烧毁”(burns down)时它就“烧毁”(burn up)了；你通过“填写它”(filling it out)的方式“填写表格”(fill in a form)；闹钟只有在它响起(goes off)时才被听到！3．That is why when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the lights are out，they are invisible.那就是为什么星星出来(out)时，它们可以被看到(visible)，但是当灯熄灭(out)后，它们不能被看到(invisible)。4．And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts，but when I wind up this passage，it ends.这也是为什么当我给手表上(紧)发条(wind up)时，它开始走，但是当我结束(wind up)这篇文章时，它就到结尾了。名师圈点①have trouble (in)doing sth.做某事有困难②ham n．火腿③eggplant n．茄子④pine n．松树⑤pineapple n．菠萝⑥sculpt v．雕刻，雕塑sculpture n．雕刻品，雕像，雕塑作品⑦seasick adj.晕船的airsick adj.晕机的carsick adj.晕车的homesick adj.想家的⑧speaking of...讲起……，说到……⑨opposite n．对立的人(或物)，对立面adj.相反的；对面的opposing adj.相反的；对立的oppose vt.反对，抵制⑩harmless adj.无害的，不会导致损伤的harmful adj. 有害的，导致损害的­ful是形容词后缀，表示“充满……，有……倾向的，有……性质的”，常用在名词后构成形容词。­less是形容词后缀，表示“无……的，没有……的”，常用在名词后构成形容词。⑪shameless adj.无耻的，没廉耻的shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的⑫behavior n．举止，行为⑬confusing adj.令人困惑的(修饰事物)⑭capitalize vt. 把……首字母大写；为……提供运营资本⑮wonder v. 感到诧异，非常想知道 n．惊讶；奇迹wonder at对……感到诧异 (it's)no wonder that...　……不足为奇/并不奇怪⑯unique adj.独一无二的，独特的⑰madness n. 疯狂；愚蠢行为­ness是名词后缀，常用在形容词后，构成名词。⑱burn up烧毁，烧尽burn down(建筑物)(被)烧毁⑲fill in填写(表格等)fill out 填写(表格等)⑳alarm n．警报器；闹钟㉑reflect v．显示；反映，映出；深思㉒creativity n．创造性，创造力㉓human race人类㉔visible adj.看得见的，可见的invisible adj.看不见的否定前缀in­放在形容词前，构成其反义词，意为“不……的，非……的”。㉕wind up给(机械)上发条，使(活动、会议等)结束原文呈现Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple1．Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning① English? I hadn't，until one day my five­year­old son asked me whether there was ham② in a hamburger.【1】 There isn't.This made me realize that there's no egg in eggplant③ either.Neither is there pine④ nor apple in pineapple⑤.【2】This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn.【3】【1】整个句子是“not...until...”句式。“I hadn't”是“I hadn't asked myself”的省略形式，until引导时间状语从句。在该时间状语从句中，whether引导的从句作asked的直接宾语，whether在此意为“是否”。【2】 “neither...nor...”是并列连词，意为“既不……又不……”；此处否定词Neither 位于句首，故句子用倒装结构。【3】句中how引导的从句作thinking的宾语。句中“got me thinking”是“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构，此处用现在分词thinking作宾补。2．For example，in our free time we can sculpt⑥ a sculpture and paint a painting，but we take a photo.And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi，but on the train or bus！While we're doing all this traveling，we can get seasick⑦at sea，airsick in the air and carsick in a car，but we don't get homesick when we get back home.【4】And speaking of ⑧ home，why aren't homework and housework the same thing?【4】 本句为由并列连词but引导的并列复合句。第一个分句中，While引导时间状语从句；第二个分句中，when引导时间状语从句。3．If “hard” is the opposite⑨ of “soft”， why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair? If  harmless⑩ actions are the opposite of harmful actions，why are shameless⑪ and shameful behaviors⑫ the same?4．When we look out of the window and see rain or snow，we can say “it's raining” or “it's snowing”．But when we see sunshine，we can't say “it's sunshining”．5．Even the smallest words can be confusing⑬.When you see the capitalized⑭ “WHO” in a medical report，do you read it as the “who”in“Who's that？” 【5】 What about “IT” and “US”？【5】When引导时间状语从句。过去分词capitalized在从句中作定语，修饰“WHO”。6．You also have to wonder⑮ at the unique⑯ madness⑰ of a language in which a house can burn up⑱ as it burns down，in which you fill in⑲ a form by filling it out，and in which an alarm⑳ is only heard once it goes off 【6】！【6】 三个“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句修饰先行词a language。在第一个定语从句中，as引导时间状语从句；第三个定语从句中，once引导条件状语从句。7．English was invented by people，not computers，and it reflects㉑ the creativity㉒ of the human race㉓.That is why when the stars are out，they are visible㉔，but when the lights are out，they are invisible.【7】And that is why when I wind   up㉕my watch，it starts，but when I wind up this passage，it ends.【7】That is why...意为“这就是……的原因”，为固定句型。此句型中why引导的是表语从句。译文参考菠萝≠松树＋苹果1．你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常觉得学习英语很困难？我以前从未想过这个问题，直到有一天我五岁的儿子问我hamburger(汉堡)里是否有ham(火腿)。没有。这让我意识到，eggplant(茄子)里也没有egg(蛋)；而pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。这让我不禁思考，英语学起来怎么会是一门令人抓狂的语言。2．例如，闲暇时我们可以sculpt a sculpture(雕刻一件雕塑品)，paint a painting(画一幅画)，但是要说take a photo(拍一张照片)。旅行时，我们说我们in the car(在小汽车里)或in the taxi(在出租车里)，但是要说on the train(在火车上)或on the bus(在公共汽车上)！旅游期间，我们可能会在海(sea)上晕船(seasick)、在空(air)中晕机(airsick)、在汽车(car)上晕车(carsick)，但回到家(home)时不会“晕家”。说到家，为什么homework(家庭作业)和housework(家务劳动)不是一回事呢？3．如果“hard”(坚硬的)是“soft”(柔软的)的反义词，为什么“hardly”(几乎不)和“softly”(柔软地)却不是一对反义词呢？如果harmless actions(无害的行为)是harmful actions(有害的行为)的反义词，为什么shameless behaviors(无耻的行为)和shameful behaviors(可耻的行为)是同义词呢？4．当我们向窗外看去，看到rain雨)或snow(雪)时，我们可以说“it's raining”(下雨了)或“it's snowing”(下雪了)，但我们看到sunshine(阳光)时，我们不能说“it's sunshining”(下阳光了)。5．即使最简单的词也可能让人感到困惑。在医学报告中看到大写的“WHO”时，你会将它理解为“Who's that？”(那是谁)中的“who”(谁)吗？那么 “IT”和 “US”呢？6．你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。在这门语言中，当一座房子“被烧毁”(burns down)时它就“烧毁”(burn up)了；你通过“填写它”(filling it out)的方式“填写表格”(fill in a form)；闹钟只有在它响起(goes off)时才被听到！7．英语是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。那就是为什么星星出来(out)时，它们可以被看到(visible)，但是当灯熄灭(out)后，它们不能被看到(invisible)。这也是为什么当我给手表上(紧)发条(wind up)时，它开始走，但是当我结束(wind up)这篇文章时，它就到结尾了。