2021学年Unit 1 Cultural relics导学案

这是一份2021学年Unit 1 Cultural relics导学案，共21页。

Unit 1 Cultural relics
课前预习
单词拼写
1. It seems that much work r________ to be done.
2. His plane crashes, but Chuck s________ the crash and landed on a deserted island.
3. That bird is very r________ in this country. It should be protected from being killed, or it will die out soon.
4. He was very gifted and had a natural ability to d________ buildings.
5. The scene made scientists eager to send the rover around the planet in search of ________（证据）that the landing site was once covered with water .
6. He pretended to be reading an important paper when the boss entered. In fact, he did nothing to do with it.
7. The t________ dug out of the earth was a box of gold coins.
8. This old Chinese square table is a very valuable piece of f________.
9. I have d________ about whether he is the best man for the job.
10. The Great Wall is one of the w________ of the world.
重点短语
1. _______________ 调查 2. _______________serve as
3. _______________ 属于 4. _______________ 寻找
5. _______________ 作为报答 6. _______________ 处于交战状态
7. _______________ rather than 8. _______________ search for sth
9. _______________ tell the truth 10. _______________ search sp for sth
11. _______________ in other words 12. _______________ take …apart
13. _______________ think highly of 14. _______________ cultural relics
15. _______________ look much like 16. _______________ in a trial

小组合作探究
课文理解
True or False?
1.In a trial, a judge should consider how each eyewitness looks.( )
2.The judge cares only if the eyewitness has given useful information.( )
3.A fact is something that over one person believes or has seen or done.( )
4.All the people believe something is a fact when they are given much evidence.( )
5.An opinion is good evidence in a trial.( )

课文重点句子翻译
1. 虽然摸起来像石头一样硬，可是加热后却很容易熔化。
_______________________________________________________________________
2. The design for the room was of the fancy style popular in those days.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. 这间琥珀屋长约4米，用作接待重要来宾的小型会客室。
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. 后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到了圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. However, before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were only able to remove the furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
6. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.
_______________________________________________________________________
7.A fact is anything that can be proved.
_______________________________________________________________________
8.An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved.
_______________________________________________________________________

全员探究
Warming Up
1. A cultural relic is something that has survived for a long time, often a part of something old that has remained when the rest of it has been destroyed; it tells people about the past.
文化古迹是经历了很长时间而幸存下来的东西，常常是遭到破坏的古老东西遗留下的一部分。它告诉人们关于过去的事情。
前部分分句中，often a part of something old…作同位语，对something起补充说明作用。 (1) survive
[要点导航] survive vi.幸存，生存，继续存在（与from, on或as搭配）。例如：
The man was very ill, but he survived. 这个人病得很厉害，可是他活下来了。
The custom still survives. 这种风俗习惯还保存着。
Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.
有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。
I can’t ____________________________. 一周40英镑，我无法维持生活。
He survived as party leader until his second election defeat.
直至第二次参选失败他才不再担任党的领导人。
[思维拓展] vt.幸免于，艰难度过。例如：
The company managed to survive the crisis.公司设法渡过了危机。
Many birds didn’t survive the severe winter.很多鸟死于这次严冬。
用survive的适当形式填空：
The house survived_________/____________.那座房子在暴风雨中幸存了下来。
Do you believe the________ after death?你相信死后灵魂的存在吗？
How many_____________ in the accidents? 那次交通事故中有多少幸存者？
(2) remain
[要点导航] remain vi.剩余，遗留，残存。例如：
Very little of the house remained after the fire.
大火之后，这所房子所剩无几。
The children ate and ate until no food ______________on the table.
孩子们一直吃个不停，直到把桌上的东西吃得精光才罢休。
There were only ten minutes____________. 只剩下十分钟了。
[思维拓展] remain linking v.仍然是，保持（作联系动词，后接形容词、介词短语、分词、名词等作表语）。例如：
The weather still remained cold in April,
虽然已进入四月，天气仍然还很冷。
The true author of the book remains unknown.
那本书的真实作者依旧不祥。
They remain good friends even though they entered different high schools. 他们虽进入不同的高中就读，感情依然很好。
___________________________________.这个问题有待解决。
[问题探究] 你知道remain和stay有什么区别吗？
提示：remain和stay均可作实意动词和联系动词，区别如下：
① remain和stay作联系动词，指“保持某一状态”，二者可通用，但stay后常接形容词。例如：
She remained/stayed silent. 她仍然保持沉默。
It’s going to stay cold for the next few days.
在以后的几天里天气仍将寒冷。
② 作“停留，留下，逗留”解，remain较正式，常用于笔语；stay使用频率高于remain，多用于口语。例如：
I shall stay/remain at home till tomorrow.我将在家里待到明天。
How long will you remain/stay here? 你将在这儿待多久？
③ remain作“剩余，留存”、stay作“留宿，客居”之意解时，二者不可换。我们可以说：She stayed home 但是一般不说：She remained home.
例如：
A few apples have ___________on the tree.树上还剩下几个苹果。
I stayed for three nights at the hotel.我在旅馆暂住了三夜。
2.It is your job to look into any reports of cultural relics that have been found in China.
你的工作是调查在中国发现的文化古迹的报告情况。
该句中的It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。that从句为定语从句，先行词是cultural relics。
[要点导航] look into 调查（问题、罪行等）。例如：
Police are looking into the disappearance of two children.
警察在调查两个孩子失踪的事。
A working party has been set up to look into the problem.
已成立一个工作小组来调查这个问题。
[思维拓展] look into 注视……的内部。例如：
They stopped__________________________. 他们停下来望房间里窥视。
3. The man who has it insists that it belongs to his family.
拥有这个花瓶的坚持说这是他家的。
[要点导航] belong to 属于；是……的成员；是……中的一部分（不用于进行时态）。例如：
Who does this watch belong to? 这块表是谁的？
____________________________________________. 狮子和老虎属于猫科。
[思维拓展] belong vi.应被放置在，应处在（某处）。例如：
Put that chair back where it belongs. 把椅子放回原处。
Wild animals like this don’t belong in a zoo---they should be allowed to go free.
这样的野生动物不应该在动物园里，应该放了它们，给它们自由。

Pre-reading
1. If you find a Cultural relic, what will you do with it?
如果你发现一件文物，你会怎么处理它呢？
[要点提示] 句中的do with为：处理；利用。做处理讲时，可以与deal with 替
换，不过，意义相同，但是，结构却不一样,试看下面的练习：同义句转换：
What to do with the nuclear waste is a problem puzzling the scientists today.
_____ ____ _______ ______ the nuclear waste is a problem puzzling the scientists today.
Reading
1. IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM 寻找琥珀屋
[要点导航] in search of 寻找。例如：
I looked everywhere in search of my glasses.
我四处寻找我的眼镜。
[思维拓展] search, search for, search…for, in search of辨析：
search 作及物动词。search sb.意为“搜身”，search sp.意为“在……中搜查”。例如：
They searched the guard at the gate.他们在门口搜查了那个士兵。
He searched his pocket for money. 他搜衣袋找钱。
search for 意为“寻找”，指搜寻某个特定的目标，相当于look for。
I searched everywhere for the book. 我到处找这本书。
I’ve been searching for the same kind of shoes as these.
我一直在寻找与这双鞋同类的鞋子。
search…for 意为“搜查某人或某场所以寻找某物”。例如：
The police searched the house for the stolen jewelry.
警察搜索那栋房屋，寻找被偷的宝石。
in search of “寻找”，是固定习语，通常作目的状语，后接寻找的对象或目标。例如：
They started off at once in search of the missing child.
他们立即出发去寻找失踪的小孩。
我到处找这本书。_____________________________________________
[问题探究] 请翻译下面的句子：
① They are searching Smith. ② They are searching for Smith.
2. Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such a strange history.
普鲁士皇帝腓特烈•威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人的大礼竟会有这样一段离奇的历史。
(1) can/could have done
[要点导航] can/could have done 表示对过去发生的行为进行推测，常译为“可能”、“会”。一般用于否定句和疑问句。例如：
He can’t/couldn’t have done it because he was an honest man.
他不可能做这件事，因为他是个诚实的人。
Can/Could the work have been finished on time?
这项工作能按时完成吗？
could have done还可用来表示责备或批评，常译作“本来可以”、“本来能”等。例如：
You could have been more considerate.你本来可以更慎重些。
_____________________________________________________________.
他本来能够过关的，但是他却没努力学习。
[思维拓展] must have done常用于肯定句，意为“一定”、“肯定是”、“准是”。may/might have done意思是“可能”、“也许”、“说不定”，常用于否定句和肯定句中。例如：
It must have been very late when I left the office.
我离开办公室时，一定很晚了。
She may/might not have met him last year when she was in America.
她去年在美国时，或许没见过他。
He may/might have heard it from Mary.他可能从玛丽那里听说了此事。
(2) gift
[要点导航] gift [C] 礼物。例如：
The watch was a gift from my mother. 这块表是母亲给我的礼物。
Thank you for your generous gift. 感谢你丰厚的礼物。
[辨析] gift和present
这两个词都含有“礼物”之意，一般可以换用。
gift 在语体上较为正式，带有一定的感情色彩，侧重送礼人的诚意；有时含有“捐赠”的意思。例如：
This was given me as a birthday gift. 这是给我的生日礼物。
The university received a gift of a million dollars.
该大学得到了100万美元的捐赠。
present 系普通用语，一般指值钱不多的礼物，表示朋友间互送礼物或下对上送礼的意思。例如：
Each child brought a little present to the mother.
每个孩子给母亲带来了一份礼物。
[归纳拓展]gift还可以用来指“天赋”，“才能”这时不用present,如：
He _____ ___ _______ _______ foreign language. 他有外语天才。
gifted adj. 有天赋的。如：She is a gifted musician.她是一个天才的音乐家。
3. Although it feels as hard as stone, it easily melts when heated.
虽然摸起来像石头一样硬，可是加热后却很容易熔化。
(1) feel
[要点导航] feel linking v.（摸上去）感觉是（接形容词，不用于进行时态和被动语态）。例如：
The water feels warm. 这水摸上去很暖。
[思维拓展] feel linking v.觉得，感到，体会到。例如：
__________________________________ 你有没有觉得好一点？
His compliment made her feel good. 他的恭维让她觉得心里很舒服。
(2) when heated
[要点导航] when heated是when it is heated的省略形式。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句中有it is时，状语从句常采用省略形式。例如：
He will not come unless (he is) invited.
除非接到邀请，否则他不会来的。
If (it is) possible, I will call on my teacher next month.
如果可能的话，下个月我将去拜访我的老师。
He hurriedly left the classroom as though (he was) angry.
他好像生了气死的，急忙地离开了教室。
[问题探究] 你能说出一些构成这种省略形式的连词吗？
提示：when, while, until, once, where, than, if, unless, as if, as though, whether…or, whatever, wherever, whenever, however, whoever, etc.
4. The design for the room was of the fancy style popular in those days. 屋子的设计是当时流行的极富艺术表现力的建筑式样。
形容词短语popular in those days作后置定语，修饰style。
(1) (be) of + 抽象名词
[要点导航] “(be) of + 抽象名词”表示所指事物的形状或特征，等于“(be) + 名词的形容词”，在句中作表语、定语及补足语。例如：
The meeting is of great importance(=The meeting is very importance).
这次会议很重要。
We don’t think there is anything of interest(=________________) in your pictures.
我们认为你的画并没有什么有趣的地方。
You’ll find the map of little help(=______________) to travelers.
你会发现这幅地图对旅游者没有多大帮助。
[思维拓展] “be of a(n)/the same + 抽象名词”，表示某个方面是相同的、一样的，但这类抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式。常见的有：be of a(n)/the same age/size/weight/color /kind 年龄/大小/重量/颜色/种类等相同（一样）。例如：
They are of the same age, but are of different height.
他们年龄相同，但身高不一样。
(2) fancy
[要点导航] fancy adj.奇特的，异样的。例如：
I just want a basic sports coat--nothing fancy.
我只要一件简单的运动外衣——不带什么特别装饰的。
[思维拓展] fancy vt.想象，设想，爱好。用法如下：
① fancy sb. as/(to be) 想象……是……。例如：
I can’t fancy him as(to be) an English teacher.
我无法想象他教英语会是什么样子。
They fancy themselves clever, but in fact they are most stupid.
他们自以为很聪明，其实他们是最愚蠢的。
② fancy (sb.) doing 想象某人做……（常用祈使句表示惊奇或震惊）。
Fancy meeting you here! 想不到在这儿见到你了!
Fancy James winning the competition! 真想不到詹姆斯比赛赢了！
③ fancy sth. 想要、做……。
Fancy a quick drink, Emma? 想很快地喝一杯吗，埃玛？
I fancy a ride. 我很想乘车去兜兜风。
5. The Amber Room was also made with gold and jewels.
琥珀屋嵌装着金银珠宝。
[要点导航] jewel [C] 珠宝，宝石。例如：
She wore beautiful jewels round her neck.
她脖子上戴着漂亮的宝石（项链）。
It’s a watch with 17 jewels. 这是块17钻手表。
[思维拓展] jewellery [U] 宝石，珠宝（集合名词）。例如：
a piece of jewellery 一件首饰
This ring is my most valuable piece of jewellery.
这戒指是我珠宝中最贵的。
Some of my jewellery is missing. 我有些珠宝不见了。
6. In return, the Czar gave the king of Prussia 55 of his best soldiers.
作为回赠，沙皇把他55名最好的士兵送给了普鲁士国王。
[要点提示]in return作为回报 in return for sth_____________
She gave me food and clothing and asked for nothing in return.
她给了我食物和衣服，没有要求任何回报。
Can I buy you lunch in return for your help?
感谢你帮忙，我请你吃午饭好吗？
He taught me English, and I helped him with maths_____ ______.他帮我学英语，作为回报，我帮他数学。
____ _______ ______his help, I bought him a gift.
作为对他帮助的回报，我给他买了件礼物。
[归纳拓展]in turn 依次，轮流，转而，反过来
The price can affect production and production,_________, can have an effect on the price.
A. in return B. in turn C. in return for D. by turn.
A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which ____ will promote its economic development.(06年山东)
A. in nature B. in return C. in turn D. in fact

7. About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors.
这间琥珀屋长约4米，用作接待重要来宾的小型会客室。
work/act/serve as担任，充当；reception hall会客厅，会客室。
[要点导航] reception [U] 接待，接收，招待；[C] 招待会，欢迎会。
If you spoke their language, you’d get a friendlier reception.
如果你说的是他们的语言，你会受到更友好的接待。
Please leave your key at__________________.
请将你的钥匙留在接待处。
A reception will be held in honour of the president’s visit.
将举行招待会以欢迎总统来访。
[思维拓展] receive和accept辨析：
receive只指客观“收到”，不涉及主观“接受”与否。它还有受到之意。例如：
I received an invitation.我收到了请柬。
The novel received great praise.
这本小说备受赞扬。
_____________________________________________________________
她已经收到了他的礼物，但她是不会接受的。
accept指主观同意“接受”，另外还有“承认”、“相信”之意。例如：
I accepted the invitation.我接受了邀请。
He has decided not to accept the job.他决定不接受这项工作。
He accepts full responsibility for what happened.
他承认对所发生的事负责任。
8. Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to the palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.
后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到了圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。
[要点导航] 在“have sth. done”结构中，宾语sth.和后面的宾语补足语done是被动关系，表示“叫某人做某事，使某事得以完成”。例如：
I had my hair cut yesterday. 昨天我理发了。
If you won’t get out, I’ll have you arrested.
如果你不滚出去，我就叫警察把你抓起来。
[思维拓展] “have sth. done”结构还有以下两种含义：
① 表示“请别人干什么事”。例如。
I had my hair cut yesterday.我昨天理发了。
②表示“经历某事，遭受某事”，此时，句子强调的不是主语的意志，而是经历了某件事。例如：
___________________________________. 昨天他的表被人偷了。
Three famous parks in and around London had over 1,400 trees blown over.伦敦市内和郊区的三个著名的公园里有1400多颗树被刮倒。
③表示“允许或忍受某事发生”，用于否定句时，多与won’t或can’t连用，表示“拒绝接受或不允许某一局面”之意。例如：
I won’t have my house turned into a hotel.
把我的家变成旅店，我不干。
Is this the radio you want to have___________?
A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. to be repaired
During the hurricane, many people had their houses_________.
A. destroyed B. destroying C. to be destroyed D. destroy
[归纳拓展]have+宾语+do 让某人做某事 have+宾语+doing让或使某人或某物不停的做某事或处于某种状态,有时也可以表示容忍某人做某事：
Don’t have the water__________ like that---it’s a waste of money.
A. run B. to run C. running D .ran
Whom would you rather have________ with you to the theater tonight?
A. gone B. going C. go D. to go
9. In 1770, the room was completed the way she wanted it.
1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。
[要点导航] the way she wanted是方式状语从句，the way的用法与连词相同，后面常常接that从句。in a way, in the way也有类似的用法。例如：
Do it the way you were taught.
要照教你的那样做。(the way=the way in which)
I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them.
他们从不允许我按照自己的意愿行事。
He was looking at her in a way that surprised her.
他看着她的样子让她很惊讶。
We have to make it work in the way that they want it to.
我们必须按照他们的想法把事情办好。
10. Almost six hundred candles lit the room. 将近600根蜡烛照亮了这个房间。
[要点提示]light的用法很多，现总结如下：
①n. 光，光线（不可数名词）
The oil lamp_____ ______ _____ ___________. 那盏油灯发出微弱的光。
②n 灯(可数名词)
When you leave, make sure you_____ ______ ______ ______. 当你离开时，务必把灯关掉。
③light vt.& vi.点火；点燃；照亮。用法如下：
I lit another cigarette. 我又点燃一枝烟。
The fire won’t light. 火点不着。
His bedroom was lit by a bare electric bulb.
他的卧室用未加灯罩的电灯泡照明。
light up 照亮
After supper, he_________ ________ ___________ and sat in the sofa reading an evening paper.晚饭后，他点着一支雪茄，坐在沙发上看起了电视。
④adj .轻的；浅色的；天亮的
light blue 浅蓝色
It was not yet light when I got to school. 当我到学校时，天还没有亮。
[归纳拓展]light 的过去式及过去分词有两种情况：lighted, lighted/lit, lit.一般lit 不作前置定语
如：a ___________candle 一支燃着的蜡烛。在英语中还有这样的例子：learned
He is a________（有学问的）young man
11．Sadly, although the Amber room was one of the great wonders of the world, it is now missing.
可悲的是，虽然琥珀屋是世界上一件伟大而令人赞叹的奇品，可是现在却找不到了。
[要点提示] wonder n. 奇迹；奇观（可数）；惊奇（不可数）
________wonders 创造奇迹 no wonder 难怪
- --He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
-----____is no wonder he always takes the first place in class.
A. It B. There C. That D. This
vt. 想知道，纳闷
这时，该词后面可以接what/who/how when/where/why/whether+从句或动词不定式。
vi.感到惊异，感到疑惑
We_____ _____ his hard diligence.我们叹服他的勤奋。
12. This was a time when the two countries were at war.
这是在两国交战的时期。
句中time意为“一段时间”，后接when引导的定语从句。
[要点导航] at war 处于交战状态。 at war with… 例如：
In 1920 Poland and Russia were still at war.
1920年，波兰和俄国仍在交战。
At that time our country was at war with Japan.
那时我国正和日本作战。
[思维拓展] at表示“处于……状态”，构成以下常见短语：
at ease 稍息，at risk 处于危险境地，at a disadvantage 处于不利地位，at lunch 在吃午饭，at rest 静止不动，at sea 在航海，at work 在工作，at school 在上学。
at play_________ at dinner__________ at one’s meal__________
13. However, before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were only able to remove the furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room.
尽管如此，在纳粹分子到达夏宫之前，俄国人只能把琥珀屋里的家具和小型艺术饰品搬走。
(1) remove
[要点导航] remove vt.移动，搬开（常与to，from搭配）。例如：
He removed his hand from her shoulder.他把手从她的肩膀上拿开。
The patient was removed from the private room to a ward.
那病人从单人房移到大病房了。
[思维拓展] remove和move辨析：
remove作“移动，搬开”解为及物动词，指将某物从一处转移到别处，常用于书面语。作“迁移，移居”解为旧用法。例如：
Reference books may not _______________the library.
参考书不允许带出图书馆。
Our office has removed from Boston to New York.
我们的办事处已经从波士顿迁至纽约。
move “移动，搬动”，为常用词，强调改变位置或改变某人的姿势，可作及物和不及物动词。例如：
We’ll have to move the bed closer to the wall.
我们将不得不把床移得靠墙更近一些。
They have moved into a bigger office.他们已搬入一间较大的办公室。
(2) furniture
[要点导航] furniture [U] （可移动的）家具。例如：
a piece of furniture/an article of furniture 一件家具
This old Chinese square table is a very valuable piece of furniture.
这张旧的中国八仙桌是一件很珍贵的家具。
___________________________.我们以前几乎没有什么家具。
[思维拓展] furnish vt.装置（家具等）（常与with搭配）。
例如：
The apartment is well furnished.那间公寓家具齐全。
The room was ________________the simplest essentials.
房间里只布置了最简单的必需品。
14. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.
毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时它是波罗的海边的一个德国城市。
[要点导航] There is no doubt that 毫无疑问……（that从句为同位语从句，表示与之同位的no doubt的实际内容，同位语从句亦可由whether引导）。例如：
There is no doubt that we will defeat them in the next game.
毫无疑问，我们会在下次比赛中击败他们。
There is some doubt whether he is the best man for the job.
他是不是担任那项工作的最适当人选，有点疑问。
[思维拓展] doubt vt.怀疑，疑虑。常接宾语从句，在否定句和疑问句中，接that引导的从句；在肯定句中，接whether/if引导的从句。例如：
I don’t doubt that he is honest.我不怀疑他是诚实的。
We doubt if he is honest.我们怀疑他是否诚实。
I don’t doubt________ _______ _________ _____________/_________ ___________.
我不怀疑他是诚实的/他的诚实。
There is_____ ___________ that he is sure to succeed.毫无疑问他会赢。
这个句子还可以写为： _____ _______that he is sure to succeed.
We don’t doubt_______ he is intelligent.(We are sure that he is intelligent) 我们对他的才智没有怀疑。
Learning about Language
1. The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and moving it away.
那位老人看到一些德国人拆毁了琥珀屋，把它运走了。
taking apart the Amber Room和moving it away均为现在分词短语，作宾语补足语。
[要点导航] take …apart 把…拆开。例如：
We had to take the engine apart. 我们不得不卸下引擎。
Take the bike apart and try to repair it this morning.
请拆开这自行车并设法于今天上午修好。
[思维拓展] apart adv.分离；分别地。apart from… 例如：
She lives apart from her parents.她和父母分开住。
The two plants are three miles apart.这两座工厂相隔三英里。
We should consider this problem ___________others.
我们应该将这个问题与其他的分开来考虑。
Using Language
1. The judge does not consider how each eyewitness looks or where that person lives or works.
法官并不考虑证人的长相如何，也不考虑这个人住在哪里，在哪里工作。
[要点导航] consider vt.考虑，细想。用法如下：
① consider + sth.考虑某事。
We considered his suggestion. 我们考虑了他的建议。
② consider doing sth.考虑做某事。
Having you considered using the lab in your free class?
你有没有考虑过在可以自由活动的课上利用这个实验室呢？
I considered going to see Paul in winter.
我考虑过在冬天去看保罗。
③ consider + wh-clasue/疑问词 + to do sth.考虑……。
We considered how we should help them.我们仔细考虑该如何帮他们。
We have considered how to do a tomato experiment.
我们已经考虑过如何做西红柿实验的问题。
Have you considered ______ _______ ________tomorrow? 你考虑了明天做什么了吗？
I first considered__________ him a letter, but later I considered _____ _________ _____ ______to see him for myself.
我起初考虑着给他写封信，但我后来认为有必要亲自去看看他。
[思维拓展] consider vt.认为，觉得。常构成以下结构：
① consider sb./sth. + (to be) adj./n. 认为……。
I consider it a great honor.我认为这是极大的荣幸。
We consider it (to be ) true.我们认为这是真实的。
② consider it + adj./n. + to do 认为做某事……。
She considers it impolite to talk while eating.
她认为边吃边说话是不礼貌的。
③ consider sb./sth.…as… 认为……是……。
Liz Quinn was considered (as) an excellent teacher.
莉兹•奎因被认为是一位优秀的教师。
④ consider + that-clause 认为……。
We consider that the driver is not to blame.
我们认为这不是司机的过错。
注意：consider作为及物动词，其后面形式虽灵活，但不能直接接不定式作宾语。
（1）consideration n.考虑
______further consideration进一步的考虑
take sth._________ consideration 把某事考虑在内
（2）considering 鉴于，考虑到；这时，看起来considering作状语，而
分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语并不一致。如：
________ ________, he is the right person to do the job.
考虑到各种因素，他是做这件工作的合适人选。
[问题探究] consider…as表示“把……当作……，认为……是……”之意，你能说出几个它的同义短语吗？
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
2. The judge cares only whether the eyewitness has given useful information, which must be facts, rather than opinions.
法官所考虑的只是目击者是否提供了有用的信息，它必须是事实，而不是看法。
which引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰information。rather than在定语从句中连接两个表语。
(1) opinion
[要点导航] opinion [C] 意见，看法，主张（与about, on或of搭配）。例如：
We were invited to give our opinions about how the work should be done.
我们应邀就如何开展工作提出意见。
I went to my boss to ____ _____ ______ ______ ______the matter.
我去询问老板对此事的看法。
What’s your opinion of her as a teacher? 你认为她这个老师怎么样？
[思维拓展] in my opinion 在我看来。In the opinion of sb___________例如：
In my opinion, it’s a very sound investment.
依我看，这是十分可靠的投资。
(2) rather than
[要点导航] rather than 与其；不是。连接两个并列成分。
I think Tom, rather than you, is to blame.
我认为该受责备的是汤姆，而不是你。
I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee.
我想喝冷饮，不想喝咖啡。
I’d prefer to go in August rather than in July.
我宁愿八月去，不愿七月去。
[问题探究] rather than连接主语、谓语部分时如何使用？
提示：rather than 为高考热点，注意掌握以下要诀：
① rather than 所连接的成分应在词性上保持一致。连接两个主语时遵循“就远原则”，人称代词用主格。例如：
It is you, rather than he, that ________the secret.
知道秘密的是你，而不是他。
I sent you the letter rather than________.
给你寄信的是我，而不是她。
I sent you the letter rather than_________.
我给你寄的信，而不是寄给她的。
② rather than 位于句首连接动词时，该动词前不加to，也不受句中谓语时态的影响。例如：
Rather than sell the eggs at a very low price, she would keep them for her own children.
她宁愿把鸡蛋留给自己的孩子吃，也不愿低价卖出。
③ rather than 位于句中连接两个动词时，其后的动词形式应同前面与其平行的动词形式一致。例如：
I always prefer starting early, rather than ________everything to the last minute.
我总是愿意早开始而不愿把所有的事都留到最后才做。
I decided to write rather than telephone.
我决定写信而不打电话。
3. This kind of information is called evidence.
这种信息就叫做证据。
[要点导航] evidence [U] 证据，证物，证词（与of, for搭配）。例如：
Can you show any evidence for/of your statement?
你能给我看你供词的证据吗？
____ ____ ____ _____ ______a small amount of alcohol is good for you.有证据显示，少量饮酒有益健康。
Carol was called upon to give evidence.卡罗尔被要求出庭作证。
[思维拓展] “一项证据”如何翻译？
提示：a piece of evidence
4. A fact is anything that can be proved.
任何能够证实的事情都叫事实。
[要点导航] prove vt.证明，证实。用法如下：
① prove sth.(to sb.) （向某人）证明……。
What are you trying to prove? 你想证明什么？
Can you prove your theory to us? 你能向我们证明你的理论吗？
② prove sth (to be) + n./adj. 证明……是……。
All this proved him to be the guilty man.
这一切都证明，他就是那个有罪的人。
She was determined to prove everyone wrong.她决心证明大家都错了。
③ prove that/wh-clause 证明……。
It can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world.
中国的人口比世界上任何其他国家的人口都多，这是可以得到证实的。
Can you prove where you were on March 2nd?
你能证明三月二号你在哪里吗？
These facts proved ________ ____________(n.).
These facts proved ________ _______ ______ __________(clause).
These facts proved the theory he stuck ________.
A. to correct B. to be correct C. correct D. be correc
[思维拓展] prove link v.被发现是，结果是，被证明是（prove不能用被动语态）。结构为：prove (to be) + adj./n./prep.被证明是…。例如：
The instrument has proved most useful.这仪器证明是有用的。
Shares in the industry proved a poor investment.
事实证明投资这个行业的股票是一个失败。
Our discussions proved of the greatest value to us.
我们的讨论证明对我们极有价值。
5. As you listen, pretend that you are a judge.
听得时候，装作你就是法官。
[要点导航] pretend vt.假装；装扮。用法如下：
① pretend that 假装……。例如：
He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home.
他假装病了以便能待在家里。
___________________________________________a newspaper before.
她佯称她以前在一家报社工作过。
② pretend to do 假装做……。例如：
Sarah pretended to be cheerful and said nothing about the argument.
萨拉假装很开心，没有说起吵架的事。
He pretended______________________ the secret.
他假装还不知道这个秘密。
③ pretend (sth.) 假装。例如：
He often pretends deafness when you ask him questions.
当你问他问题时，他经常装聋。
We are not really sisters; we were just pretending.
我们不是真姐妹，我们只是假装为姐妹。
[问题探究] 请问pretend to do, pretend to be doing和pretend to have done有什么区别？
提示：pretend to be表状态；pretend to be doing假装在做某事；pretend to have done假装已做过某事。
6. I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room.
我很赞赏那些为寻找琥珀屋而努力的人们。
[要点导航] think highly of 看重，器重。例如：
His composition is highly thought of by his teacher.
他的作文深受他老师的赞赏。
[思维拓展] think highly of的同义短语有：
think well/much of, speak highly/well of, sing high praise for, praise highly
think highly of的反义短语有：
think badly/poorly/little/nothing of, speak badly/ill of
7. Besides, my father once told me that any person who finds something can keep it.
此外，我父亲曾经告诉过我，找到东西的人可以保存它。
[要点导航] besides adv.此外；再说（常用于句首）；prep.除……之外。例如：
I don’t want to go to the cinema; besides I’m feeling too tired.
我不想去看电影，再说我也太累了。
Besides milk and cheese, we need vegetables.
除了牛奶和干酪外，我们还需要蔬菜。
Besides going to French evening classes a week she practices the piano on Wednesday.她除了每周两晚学法语之外，星期三还练钢琴。
[思维拓展] besides, except, but辨析：
besides指“除……之外，另外还有”，着重“另外还有”。例如：
I have five other story books besides this.
除了这本外，我还有五本别的故事书。
except指“从整体里减去一部分”，着重于“排除在外”。例如：
We all went there except Mary.除了玛丽外，我们都去那儿了。
He answered all the questions except the last one.
除了最后一个问题外，他回答了所有的问题。
except for与except同义，但except for所“排除在外”的通常是整体中的一个细节，或是句中所述的整体内容中的一个部分。例如：
Your picture was good except for some of the colors.
除了某些颜色外，你的画画得很好。
except that意为“除了”，表示“排除在外”，后面接从句。例如：
I know nothing about him except that he lives next door.
我不了解他的情况，只知道他住在隔壁。
but作介词与except同义，表示“排除在外”。常与no, every, any构成的复合词连用，构成none but, nothing but, anybody but, everyone but, everywhere but以及no one but, all but等结构。例如：
Nobody but I can do it. 除了我，没有人能做这件事。
She eats nothing but fruit.除了水果，她什么也不吃。
用于否定句时，but, except和besides可换用。例如：
There aren’t any other people to be considered but/except/besides Mr Brown. 除布朗先生外，其他人将不予考虑。

语法探究
限制性和非限制性定语从句
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句(Restrictive Attributive Clause)和非限制性定语从句(Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause)，下面将这两类定语从句作一比较。
一、限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，对它有限制作用。因此，不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意义。限制性定语从句前一般不用逗号。例如： There is much that will be unpleasing to the English readers.
有许多东西将会使英国读者不愉快。
I shall never forget the day when we first met in the park.
我永远不会忘记我们在公园相见的那一天。
Is there a shop around where we can get fruit?
附近有可以买到水果的商店吗？
Do you know the reason why I came late?
你知道我迟到的缘故吗？
“限制”是指概念上的限制，把一般的概念限制为特定的概念。所以，本身已经十分特殊的名词，如专有名词、带有形容词性物主代词或是形容词性指示代词作限定词的名词词组，其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的。例如：
Her mother, who had long suffered from arthritis, died last year.
她母亲去年去世，此前她长期患有关节炎。（因mother前有限定词her，使用非限制性定语从句为宜。）
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理•史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
在限制性定语从句中，关系代词如果作宾语，可以省略。例如：
We have got the instrument (that) we need. 我们买到了所需要的仪器。
二、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句与所修饰的名词（先行词）关系松驰，只提供有关该名词的补充情况或附加说明。即使去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时，往往用逗号与主句分开。例如：
Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
Once more I am in Boston, where I have not been for ten years.
我又来到了波士顿，我有十年没有到这里来了。
非限制性定语从句形式上是从句，其功能实质上相当于一个分句。有时，甚至可以将其译成状语从句。例如：
Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party.
后来他遇到了玛丽，玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。（who实际上=and she）
When he was seventeen he went to a technical school in Zurich, Switzerland, where he studied mathematics and physics.
他17岁时，到瑞士苏黎世一专科学校上学，他在那里学习数学和物理学。(where=and there)
We don’t like the room, which is cold.
我们不喜欢那个房间，它很冷。（which is cold=since it is cold）
He said he was busy, which was untrue.
他说他很忙，其实不然。（which was untrue=though it was untrue）
We need him, who knows some English.
我们需要他，他懂些英语。（who knows some English=for he knows some English）
非限制性定语从句中的关系代词不能省略，that和why不可引导非限制性定语从句。例如：
Wang Xin, whom Lao Li knows well, is our group leader.
王欣是我们的组长，小李对他很了解。（该句中whom不可省略，亦不可为that取代）
which和as引导的非限制性定语从句可修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，as从句还可置于主句之前。例如：
He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like.
他星期天得工作，这是他不喜欢的。
As you know, the work is very difficult.你们知道，这项工作很难。
which和whom在引导非限制性定语从句时常和of或其他介词连用。例如：
The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大部分都已满载，周围是一大群愤怒的人。
Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week.
她的两个儿子都在国外工作，每周都给她打电话。
which引导非限制性定语从句有时可作定语。例如：
Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.
汤姆在大学待了四年，在此期间他学了法语。
I may have to go into hospital, in which case I won’t be going on holiday. 我可能得住院，如果那样我就不去度假了。
As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun.
正如我们所知，地球绕着太阳转。
as指代后面一句话的内容，这时只能用as,因为which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于句末，而as引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在句末，也可置于句中或句首。如上面的句子还可以写作：
The earth, as we know, goes around the sun.
此外as在引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如、似”的含义，所以下列结构中多用as:
as has been said above 如上所述 as anybody can see 正如人人所看到的那样
as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样

［典例解析］
① He was much kinder to his youngest son than to others,______, of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
[解析]本题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，which所引导的句子对前面主句起补充说明作用。做题时，先排除B.C两项，因为它不能引导非限制性定语从句，
而A项只能引导先行词是人的定语从句。
答案：D
② ______is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
[解析]此题考查定语从句，放在句首只能用as。若选A应为：It is known to everybody
that the moon…
答案：B
当堂达标
单项填空
1. ---- I found my wallet, but now it disappears.
----__________.
A. What a shame! B. You’re too careless.
C. It doesn’t matter. D. Bad news for me
2. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health still _____ poor.
A. remains B. gets C. seems D. grows
3. Some of the books _____ me, while the rest are his and hers.
A. belonged to B. are belonged to C. belonging to D. belong to
4. At that time, China was _____ Japan, so going abroad was extremely difficult.
A. at the war with B. at the war against
C. at war with D. during the war with
5. There is no doubt _____ America is a developed country.
A. whether B. if C. that D. which
6. He was ______ by his workmates though he himself didn’t think he had done anything special.
A. thought highly B. thought poorly
C. thought highly of D. thought little of
7. Peter pretended ______ me when I passed the coffee shop.
A. not to see B. having not see C. not see D. not seeing
8. The reference book, mainly ______ use in colleges, is a bestseller this year.
A. designed for B. designed to C. designing of D. designing for
9. --Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor?
--Of course. What is it?
--I ______ if you could tell me how to fill out this form.
A. could wonder B. was wondering C. would wonder D. should wonder
10. He _____ the bag, but saw nothing in it.
A. looked through B. looked into C. looked out of D. looked up
11. These buildings are in a bad _____ of repair.
A. state B. people C. nation D. country
12. I can’t imagine ______ at a person in poor condition.
A. you laughed B. you laughing
C. for you to laugh D. why laughing
13. _____ his immediate help with my sick daughter, I treated him in an expensive restaurant.
A. In return for B. Because of C. Thanks to D. In case of
14. The _____ candles _____the room, making it look much more beautiful.
A. lit; lighted B. lit; lit C. lighting; lighted D. lighted; lit
15. I would walk to school every day _____ ride a bicycle.
A. rather than B. more than C. other than D. less than
将下列句子合为定语从句
1．I have lost the story—book. I like it very much

2．The gift was from my uncle. I received the gift last week.

3.This is a book. The book is about computers.

4.I live in Shandong. My parents once worked there ten years ago.

5.Her brother is going to see me tomorrow. Her brother works in Beijing.

6.This is the hotel. I once stayed at the hotel.

7.Mary is trying to get a new job. Her husband is a doctor.

8.The doctor is in the next room. You are looking for the doctor.

9.This is the best TV set. The TV set is made in China.

10.New York is a beautiful city. I visited New York last summer
改正下面句子中的错误
1.The book that you need it is in the library.
2.Those who has finished may go home.
3.He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school.
4.This is one of the rooms that is free now.
5.The key opens the bike is missing.
6.The house where he lives in needs repairing.
7.I still remember the day when we spent together.
8.Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？
9.It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out.
10.The river, that flows through London, is called Thames.

参考答案
单词拼写
1. remains 2. survives 3. rare 4. design 5. evidence
6. pretended 7. treasure 8. furniture 9. doubts 10. wonders
课文理解
1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5. F
全员探究
Warming Up
1. survive on ￡40 a week
the storm/in the storm; survival; survivors
remained ;remaining
The problem remains to be solved.
Remained
2. to look into the room
3. Lions and tigers belong to the cat family
Pre-reading
1. How to do with
Reading
1. I searched everywhere for the book.
或I looked everywhere in search of the book.
提示：① 他们在给斯密斯搜身。② 他们在寻找斯密斯。
2. He could have passed, but he didn’t study hard
has a gift for
3. Are you feeling any better?
4.interesting; helpless
6. in return; In return for; B C
7. the reception desk
She has received his present, but she will not accept it.
8. He had his watch stolen yesterday
9.C A C C
10. gave out poor light ;turn off the lights; lit a cigar ;lighted; learned
11. work; A; wonder at
13. be removed from
We had little furniture
furnished with
14. that he is honest/his honesty; no doubt; No doubt; that
Learning about Language
1. apart from
Using Language
1. what to do; writing; it necessary to go; on; into; Considering everything
提示：think of…as, look on…as, take …as, regard…as, treat…as。
2. ask him for his opinion on
know; she; her; leaving
3. There is some evidence that
4. his honesty; that he was honest; A
5. She pretended that she had worked for
not to have known
当堂达标
单项填空
1. A。该题为情景对话。意为“太可惜了”。
2. A。remain此处意为“保持某种状态”。
3. D。belong to意为“属于”，无被动语态，无进行时态。
4. C。be at war with意为“处于交战状态”，为固定搭配。
5. C。There is no doubt that------为固定搭配, 意为“毫无疑问-----”
6. C。thought highly of为固定搭配, 意为“高度赞扬，看重”
7. A。pretend to do 意为“假装做某事”；pretend to be doing意为“假装正在做某事”；pretend to have done意为“假装做过某事”；
8. A。designed for意为“为-----设计的”；此处为过去分词短语作定语修饰the reference book。
9. B。I was wondering 是委婉的请求，为固定搭配。
10. B。looked into意为“调查，研究”；looked through意为“查阅”；
11. A。state此处表“某物处于某种状态”；其余答案不合题意。
12. B。imagine doing sth. 为固定搭配;此处“laughing”的逻辑主语是“you”
13. A。in return for为固定搭配; 意为“回报……”
14. D。lighted; lit都是light的过去形式；但只有lighted可以做定语来修饰名词。
15. A。rather than意为“而不是”；
将下列句子合为定语从句
1. I have lost the story book which I like it very much.
2. The gift which I received last week was from my uncle.
3. This is a book, which is about computers.
4. I live in Shandong where my parents once worked ten years ago.
5. Her brother who works in Beijing is going to see me tomorrow.
6. This is the hotel where I once stayed.
7. Mary, whose husband is a doctor, is trying to get a new job.
8. The doctor whom you are looking for is in the next room.
9. This is the best TV set that is made in China.
10. New York is a beautiful city, which I visited last summer.
改正下面句子中的错误

1.The book that you need is in the library.
解析：从句的宾语是关系代词that，it为多余的词应删去。
2. Those who have finished may go home.
解析：who代指those，应用复数动词have。
3. He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.
解析： one前有the only之类限定词时，定语从句在意义上修饰的是the only one，而不是后面的复数名词，故定语从句用单数动词。
4. This is one of the rooms that are free now.
解析： one前没有the only之类的限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是复数名词the rooms，而不是单数one。
5.The key that/which opens the bike is missing.
解析：从句缺少主语，应加上关系代词that或which。
6. 答案1: The house where he lives needs repairing.
答案2: The house in which he lives needs repairing.
解析：关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，in属多余。或删去关系副词where，因为where在这里的意思是in which，否则介词in就重复了。
7.I still remember the day that/which we spent together.
解析：从句中谓语动词spent是及物动词，其后应跟宾语而不是时间状语。
8.Have you asked her for the reason that/which may explain her absence？
解析：定语从句缺少主语，而不是少原因状语。
9.It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out.
解析：原句还原为The fire broke out in the kitchen后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型，而非定语从句。
10.The river, which flows through London, is called Thames.
解析：that不能引导非限制性定语从句，which则可以。