高中英语课时作业10UNIT4Scientistswhochangedtheworld含解析译林版必修第三册 练习

课时分层作业(十)

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．Some mushrooms contain a deadly (致命的)poison.

2．I know I should stop smoking—don't give me a lecture (教训)about it.

3．Food will last longer if kept in an airtight container(容器)．

4．According to the theory (理论)of relativity，nothing can travel faster than light.

5．There is broad (广泛的)support for the government's policies.

6．You may refer (参考)to your notes if you want.

7．You must finish the work within the limited (有限的)time.

8．Cycling is highly beneficial (有益的)to health and the environment.

9．He owed his survival (存活)to his strength as a swimmer.

10．We did all the work and she gets all the credit(赞扬)!

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

Most of us know about the Nobel Prize，especially the Nobel Peace Prize，but few of us know anything about the man who set them up.His name was Alfred Nobel.He was a great scientist and inventor himself.Besides，he had a big business.His business may surprise you.He made and sold explosives.His companies even made and sold weapons.Isn't this something that surprises you？The man who made money from weapons should set up the Peace Prize?

Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons，he hated war.He hoped that there would be no war in the world.He was one of the richest in Europe.When he died in 1896，he let behind him a lot of money and his famous will.According to his will，most of his money was placed in a fund.He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year.We know them as the Nobel Prizes.The Nobel Prizes are international.Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work，not the country they came from.

Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind.He made money all by his own efforts，but he let the world share his wealth.His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇人物传记。艾尔弗雷德·诺贝尔把他的一生献给了他的学习和工作，以及人类的利益。他靠自己的努力挣钱，但他分享了他的财富给这个世界。他的发明和财富永远留给世人。

1．Alfred's business was________．

A．making and selling explosives

B．not making and selling weapons

C．making explosives and selling weapons

D．making weapons and selling explosives

A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“His business may surprise you.He made and sold explosives.”可知他的企业是制造并贩卖炸药的。]

2．Nobel wanted to set up the Nobel Peace Prize because________．

A．he made enough money

B．he hated war

C．he wanted to get more interest from the fund

D．he liked to live in a peaceful world

B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“he hated war.He hoped that there would be no war in the world.”可知Nobel讨厌战争，因此他希望以后不再有战争。]

3．Nobel Prizes come from________．

A．all Nobel's money in the fund

B．all Nobel's money in his company

C．all the interest from the fund

D．some of the interest in the fund

C　[细节理解题。Nobel Prizes的来源在本文中是指：“He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year.”也就是他基金中每年的利息。]

4．Which statement of the following is RIGHT according to the passage?

A．Nobel set up his company to sell clothes.

B．Most of Nobel's money was used for the world wars.

C．Nobel Prizes are only for some people from some special countries.

D．Nobel worked hard in his life and saved lots of money for the world to share.

D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He made money all by his own efforts，but he let the world share his wealth.”可知Nobel让全世界分享(share)他的财富。]

B

It's the time of year when kids are thinking about their holiday wish lists.So what's a parent to do when a child asks for a smartphone?

Sydney Crowe is in sixth grade and has a smartphone.While she admits she mostly uses it for “playing games and watching television”，her mom，Patty，says that's not why Sydney got the phone.

Patty's main concern was safety.The bus missed Sydney's stop enough times to really worry her parents.Without means to call an adult，she would walk to school near a busy highway.

That's when Patty gave her daughter a phone.Patty says she rolled her eyes at the idea of her child having a smartphone，but finally decided to allow it for one main reason：peace of mind.

On the other side of the argument，there's Mercy Shannon.She's 9 years old and doesn't have a cell phone.

Mercy's mom，Brooke Shannon，like many other parents，faced the cell phone decision early on.She started an online promise called “Wait Until 8th” to create a community of parents waiting to give their kids smartphones until at least eighth grade—when most children are nearing high school.

In addition to wanting her kids to have a break from screens，Brooke worries about the influence of social media(媒体)．

“Children just don't have the brain development at this age to be able to deal with the social situations that come with social media，” she says.

That isn't just a parent concern.Richard Freed，a child psychologist(心理学家) and author of a book on the subject，wanted to research the topic after seeing an increase in the number of children coming to him with anxiety and depression.

His suggestion？Put some ground rules in place.“I want parents to understand how powerful these technologies are，” he says.

There's no magic age to give a kid a smartphone.Rather than considering the age of a child，we should think about maturity(成熟)．

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。随着科技发展，越来越多的人开始使用智能手机。如果一个正在上小学的孩子想要拥有一部智能手机，父母该不该给呢？

5．What does Sydney mainly use her smartphone for?

A．Studies.

B．Entertainment.

C．Calling for help.

D．Communicating with her family.

B　[细节理解题。由第二段中的“While she admits she mostly uses it for ‘playing games and watching television’”可知，Sydney主要用她的智能手机玩游戏和看电视，即娱乐。]

6．According to Brooke，children can have smartphones when they are________．

A．8 years old B．9 years old

C．in 8th grade D．in high school

C　[细节理解题。由第六段中的“She started an online...until at least eighth grade”可知，Brooke认为应该至少等到孩子上八年级，才可以给他们智能手机。]

7．What led to Richard Freed's research on children having smartphones?

A．His interest in the topic.

B．The need of writing a book on the subject.

C．His wish to warn parents of the power of modern technologies.

D．The fact that more children are having psychological problems.

D　[细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“wanted to research the topic...with anxiety and depression”可知，Richard Freed看到越来越多的孩子们因为焦虑、抑郁等问题向他求助，之后萌生了研究这个课题的想法。]

8．What does the author think parents should consider before giving children smartphones?

A．Their age.

B．Their safety.

C．Their holiday wish.

D．Their brain development.

D　[细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Rather than considering the age of a child，we should think about maturity(成熟)．”可知，作者认为决定要不要给孩子智能手机时，不应该考虑他们的年龄，而应该看他们是否成熟，即大脑发育完善与否。]

Ⅲ.阅读七选五

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Your children are watching you.  1   According to the Health Program，developing healthy habits is an important part for your children.And when it comes to developing healthy habits，parents influence their children more than anyone else.

  2   What happens during those early years can influence children for the rest of their lives.This includes some eating and exercise habits.Children are very careful，even at a young age.Children watch what others do carefully and imitate the behaviors of those closest to them.As parents，you should do the following：  3   If you do that，your children are more likely to be enthusiastic about developing theirs.

Let your children see you taking care of your own physical health by eating fruit and vegetables.Talk to them about healthy habits in appropriate terms and at a proper time.  4 

  5   Computers，televisions and other forms of technology are a major part of life in the 21st century.Unfortunately，as the use of technology in the home increases，so does the time spent watching TV or playing on the computer.So as parents，you should also arrange the time for your children wisely.

A．Don't get rid of technology，but use it wisely.

B．Take part in physical activities and exercise regularly.

C．Be enthusiastic about developing healthy habits of your own.

D．Your actions are speaking to them louder than your words will.

E．Children prefer to imitate their parents rather than listen to them.

F．This can be helpful to teach your children to form good eating habits.

G．It's easy for the children to form their healthy habits when they are young.

【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。父母亲对孩子的好的健康习惯的养成要身体力行，父母的良好行为和健康习惯才是孩子最好的榜样。

1．D　[根据空前一句“Your children are watching you.你的孩子们一直在看着你的一言一行。”可知父母是孩子的榜样，一言一行都会给孩子带来影响，所以D项“你所做出的行动会比你对他们所说的话更加有效”符合语境，故此处选D。]

2．G　[根据空后一句“What happens during those early years can influence children for the rest of their lives.”在早些年所发生的事情能够影响孩子们以后一辈子的生活。此处强调early years，也就是孩子还小的时候，G项中有关键句when they are young“当他们还小的时候”，完全匹配，此外，语境上“小时候形成的习惯对他们以后的生活会有很大的影响”，前后逻辑关系很紧密地联系起来了，故选G。]

3．C　[根据空后一句“If you do that，your children are more likely to be enthusiastic about developing theirs.如果你那样做的话，孩子们就更加有可能积极地培养他们的习惯”，可以找到关键词enthusiastic，再根据语境可知C“积极地培养自己的健康的习惯”符合前后句的逻辑关系，只有你培养了，孩子才会培养，故选C。]

4．F　[根据本段第一句“taking care of your own physical health by eating fruits and vegetables”可知通过吃蔬菜和水果养成健康的习惯，那么本段主要讲的就是养成良好的饮食习惯，故选F。]

5．A　[根据后一句“Computers，televisions and other forms of technology”指的是电脑、电视以及其他形式的技术，可找到选项中A有关键词technology，再结合本段的描述可知，是让家长合理地使用，故A项意思完全匹配，选A。]