高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science学案

这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science学案，共9页。

阅读教材P32－33中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．What's the main idea f the passage?
A．Franklin's cntributin t science.
B．Franklin's experiment with lightning.
C．Questining Franklin's stry f the experiment.
D．Franklin's spirit f scientific explratin.
2．Frm the first tw paragraphs，what d we knw abut the experiment?
A．Only Franklin wanted t knw the relatin between electricity and lightning.
B．Franklin taught many children abut his findings in different schls.
C．Peple had already knwn the cause f lightning befre Franklin's experiment.
D．As a scientist Franklin was admired fr his attitude t science.
3．What peple are inspired fr in Franklin's stry?
A．His bravery and apprach.
B．The kite with a key tied t the string.
C．The strmy weather with lightning.
D．His tuching n the metal key.
4．In which aspect Franklin's experiment was NOT true?
A．His stry and the details f the experiment.
B．His bravery and his scientific apprach.
C．The key tied t the string f the kite.
D．His death frm the electric shck.
5．What d we knw abut Newtn's stry?
A．The scientists didn't see the apple falling n Newtn's head.
B．Scientists like t questin everything arund them.
C．N ne can prve the apple really hit Newtn n the head.
D．The falling apple inspired Newtn t think deeply abut why.
[答案] 1－5 CDAAD
Wrds and Phrases
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) instance n．例子，实例
(教材P29) Fr instance，sme restaurants in Lndn have served 3D­printed hamburgers t custmers.
例如，在伦敦，一些餐馆已经向顾客提供3D打印出来的汉堡了。
[例1] In many instances peple were left withut any mney at all.
在很多情况下，人们会落到身无分文的地步。
[例2] What wuld yu d，fr instance，if yu fund a member f staff stealing?
比如说，如果你发现有职员偷东西，你会怎么办？
[造句] 很多地方都有了改进，比如鼠标的两个按键。
There are a number f imprvements，fr instance，the muse buttns.
[知识拓展]
fr instance 例如；譬如
in the first instance 首先；第一步
at sb.'s instance 经某人请求；在某人的敦促下
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In mst instances (instance)，there will be n need fr further treatment.
②In the first instance yur child will be seen by an ear，nse，and thrat specialist.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) injure v．伤害；使受伤；损害；伤害(名誉、自尊等)
(教材P29) And it is nt just humans wh are benefiting — in Brazil, peple have given a new 3D­printed shell t a turtle injured in a frest fire!
并且不仅仅是人类正在受益，在巴西，人们已经给一只在森林大火中受伤的海龟换上了一个3D打印出来的龟壳。
[例1] It's nt lawful t kill r injure a pet animal.
杀死或伤害宠物也是违法的。
[例2] Three peple were killed and five injured in the crash.
撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。
[造句] 这会严重损害学校的声誉。
This culd seriusly injure the schl's reputatin.
[知识拓展]
injury n． 伤害；损伤；受伤处
injured adj. 受伤的
the injured 受伤的人
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The injury (injure)was quite painful and I culdn't mve my arm fr a mnth—I hated that.
②The wman injured (injury) in the car crash is still under treatment in hspital.
[小片段填空]
An injured man was taken t the hspital，where the dctrs fund he suffered severe injuries t the head and arms and they wndered wh had injured him.
一个受伤的人被送到了医院，在那里医生发现他的头部和胳膊都受到了严重的伤害，他们想知道是谁伤害了他。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) (教材P30) A muntain n the Mn and a minr planet are named after him.
月球上的一座山和一个小星球都是以他的名字命名的。
(1)minr adj.次要的；不重要的；小的
[例1] There are sme very minr changes in wrds and punctuatin.
在用词与标点方面有一些非常小的变化。
[例2] They played a relatively minr rle in the rganizatin.
在这个组织中他们发挥的作用相对较小。
[造句] 在这个组织中，这位老师发挥着相对次要的作用。
The teacher played a relatively minr rle in the rganizatin.
[知识拓展]
minrity n． 少数；少数民族
in the minrity 占少数
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①British husehlds wh d nt have a car are nly in the minrity (minr)．
②Writing an article abut tw ethnic minrities(minrity)．
[小片段填空]
There are 55 minrities in ur cuntry and there are sme minr differences between them.That is t say，the differences between them are in the minrity．
我们国家有55个少数民族，他们之间有一些较小的差异。也就是说他们之间的差异占少数。
(2)be named after以……命名
[例1] Bill was brn after his father died ne mnth later and was named after his father.
比尔在父亲去世后一个月出生，以其父亲的名字命名。
[例2] His name will remain unfrgtten，fr the greatest building was named after him.
他的名字不会被忘记，因为那座宏伟的建筑是以他的名字命名的。
[造句] 这座桥是用那位献出了生命的英雄的名字命名的。
The bridge was named after the her wh gave his life.
[知识拓展]
in the name f 以……的名义；代表
under the name (f) 用……的别名
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There are many schls and hspitals named (name) after the great man Sha Yifu.
②I wuld like t give yu sme advice in the name f a friend.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) apart frm 除……之外
(教材P32) Apart frm being a successful statesman，he was als well knwn as a leading American authr，printer and publisher，successful diplmat，creative scientist and inventr.
除了是个成功的政治家以外，富兰克林也因为下面的身份而知名：一流的美国作家、印刷和出版商、成功的外交家、有创意的科学家和发明家。
[例1] Apart frm prviding warmth，what was fire used fr?
除了提供温暖之外，火还是用来做什么的？
[例2] This essay is gd apart frm a cuple f spelling mistakes.
除了有些拼写错误，这篇文章写得不错。
[造句] 除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？
What ther sprts d yu like apart frm ftball?
[知识拓展]
apart frm后接名词、代词或v.­ing作宾语。具有双重含义，既可以相当于except(fr)/but，意为“除……以外，没有……，”又可以相当于besides/in additin t，意为“除……以外，还有……”。
in additin/besides另外，此外
区分开……
except fr 除……以外(除整体情况外，对细节加以纠正)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Apart frm caring(care)fr her children，she has t take n sme heavy time­cnsuming husewrk.
②It's easy t tell my pills apart because they're all different clurs.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点5) attach vt.系；贴；连接
(教材P32) A metal key was attached t the string.
一个金属钥匙被拴在了绳子上。
[例1] He will attach the label t what yu rder.
他会把标签贴在你订购的东西上。
[例2] They've attached a number f cnditins t the agreement.
他们在协议上附加了一些条件。
[造句] 他把马拴在了树上小睡了一会儿。
He attached his hrse t a tree and tk a nap.
[知识拓展]
attachment n． 附件，依恋
be attached t 固定在……；依恋；附属于
attach imprtance t 重视
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Our gvernment attaches(attach) much imprtance t educatin nw，which enables s many peple t be well­educated.
②Peple with disabilities can g anywhere using high­tech cameras attached (attach) t their head.
[小片段填空]
The yung by is studying in the senir high that is attached t Shandng University.He attaches great imprtance t learning bilgy and hpes t becme a scientist like Tu Yuyu.Every day he attaches sme small pieces f paper t his desk where there are many key pints frm the textbk.
这个男孩子在山东大学附属高中读书，他很重视生物的学习，想当一名像屠呦呦那样的科学家。每天他都把课本上的知识点写在小纸片上，然后贴在书桌上。
Sentence Patterns
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式1) make＋宾语＋宾补结构
(教材P32) Fr example，the title “Franklin's Experiment：Hw Much Is True？”makes it clear what questin is being answered within the essay.
例如题目“富兰克林的实验：真实性有多少？”表明了文章里面要回答的问题。
句式分析：make it clear 是“make＋宾语十宾补”结构的一种特殊形式，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为宾补后的that从句。
[例1] The plice fficer made it clear that they were letting him g n the grund that he was t ld.
警官明确表示，他们让他走的理由是他年纪太大了。
[例2] I have t make it clear that we have ne key prblem：that is technlgy.
我想说清楚一点，我们的关键问题是技术问题。
[造句] 我想明确地说明我和这事没关系。
I'd like t make it clear that I had nthing t d with this.
[知识拓展]
“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”是一个常用句式。make后的宾语是不定式或that从句或动名词，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，如果宾语较长，且宾语后面有补语时，这时往往把形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，把真正的宾语放在后面。
与make用法相同的常用动词还有：find，feel，think，cnsider等。
该句型为：make/find/feel/think/cnsider＋it＋adj./n.＋ that­clause/(fr sb.)t d sth.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We must make it a duty t prtect ur cmmn glbal envirnment.
②The rain made it mre difficult fr us t finish (finish) the wrk n time.
③We think it nt right(认为是不对的) that a child shuld be left alne in the huse.
④We fund it difficult(觉得困难) t explain t him what happened.
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式2) 既不……也不……
(教材P33) Hwever，neither the stry nr the details f the experiment are entirely true.
然而故事和实验的细节都不完全真实。
句式分析：表示“既不……也不……”。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。
[例1] Neither dad nr mum believes ne wrd that yu are saying.
爸爸妈妈都不相信你说的任何一句话。
[例2] She likes neither butter nr cheese.
她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。
[造句] 他既不知道也不关心发生了什么。
He neither knws nr cares what happened.
[知识拓展]
(1)当连接两个主语时，也应遵循“就近原则”。
(2)若将句型变为肯定句，只需把改为即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。
(3)还可以单独使用neither作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。
(4)neither或nr还有另外一种用法，就是当表达一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事时，可用neither或nr进行简略回答。
其结构为：Neither / Nr＋助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词＋主语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I hadn't been t New Yrk befre and neither had Jane.
②He cannt see and nr culd he hear until ne mnth ag.
③ Neither f them(他俩任何一个都不) had any idea hw lng the bk had been kept.
④I haven't been t my father's hmetwn and neither has my sister(我姐姐也没有)．
推理判断题
提分技巧：推理判断题中也含有对细节的理解，考查的内容虽然也属于原文细节，但它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断，立足于由已知推断未知。首先要定位信息。通过速读找到题目和文章中相对应的信息点；其次是字面理解。理解相关信息点的字面意思；最后是深层理解。结合语境和常识，在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推理的依据，进行正向或逆向思考，推断出隐含的深层含义，推断时要做到判断有据，推论有理。切忌主观臆断、过度推断、错误推断和以细节代替推断。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解C节选)
Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years，but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging.When the wrld was still ppulated by hunter­gatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther.Sme language experts believe that 10，000 years ag，when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple，they spke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.
...
28．What can we infer abut languages in hunter­gatherer times?
A．They develped very fast.
B．They were large in number.
C．They had similar patterns.
D．They were clsely cnnected.
B [根据本段最后一句“Sme language experts believe that 10，000 years ag，when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple，they spke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.”可推知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言种类却很多，故选B。]
[即学即练]
请迅速找出下面段落中的针对该题目的推理信息。
At the age f 4，I began attending the chir at St.James Church.My mther decided that jining the chir wuld prvide me with musical instructin.I was initially jined by a lt f kids at St.James，making chir a fun，scial task，but as I grew lder，ne by ne，my friends began drpping ut.
St.James was situated n the Upper East Side，ne f the fanciest areas in New Yrk，while I came frm the Brklyn neighbrhd f Bushwick.Sme children at the chir prudly shwed ff the signs f their gd educatin whse cst was nearly as much as my mther's yearly wage，while I wre my unifrm f jeans and a T­shirt.They knew me as the girl frm Brklyn，the christer wh went t public schl.This discrepancy(差异) made me very uncmfrtable.
I begged my mm t let me fllw the path f my friends，but she replied with a “n”．As the years went n，I cntinued t bther my mther.Her answers began t lessen in severity.She said “Just d it fr ne mre year” r “Are yu sure？” Nt seeing much hpe，I began t withdraw my cnstant requests.Gradually I enjyed finding my vice every week in church.After years in the chir，peple started t acknwledge me fr my vice rather than my address and I began t appreciate music and my habitual cmplaints abut the chir were cmpletely gne.
Thrugh the chir，I learned that if yu cntinue with smething lng enugh，yu will receive sme srt f benefit frm it and maybe even grw t lve it.Because f the chir，I fund my vice in a small church.Because f the chir，I am willing t g wherever life will take me with an pen mind.
★Hw did the authr's mther react t her repeated requests?
A．She didn't refuse them flatly.
B．She was very angry abut them.
C．She agreed t them cmpletely.
D．She simply ignred them.
A [推理判断题。由第三段中的“she replied with a ‘n’，‘Just d it fr ne mre year’ r ‘Are yu sure？’”可知，在作者提出想退出唱诗班时，作者的母亲起初态度坚决，在作者的一再请求下，母亲没有断然拒绝，态度有所缓和，但仍希望她坚持下去。]