必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science学案设计

Unit 3 The world of science

现在完成时的被动语态

[观察例句]

1．I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.

2．New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts.

3．I guess someone has asked you about the title of your book before.

4．People have used new inventions like 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts.

5．Something bad has happened to him.

6．The door has opened of itself.

7．The orphan has been well looked after.

[归纳用法]

一、现在完成时被动语态的构成

基本构成是：has/have＋been done

否定句形式：has/have not＋been done

一般疑问句：Has/Have＋主语＋been done?

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋has/have＋主语＋been done?

二、现在完成时被动语态的概念

现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作，它有两层意思：

1．动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果：

2．主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。如：

Our classroom has been cleaned.You needn't clean it now.

我们的教室已经被打扫过，你现在没必要再打扫了。

These flowers have been watered.You can go home.

这些花已经被浇水了，你可以回家了。

3．用在时间状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。

We'll start as soon as the work has been finished.

这份工作一完成，我们立即动身。

三、现在完成时被动语态的用法

1．用于不知道动作执行者是谁时。

His bike has been stolen.

他的自行车被人偷了。(不清楚是被谁偷的)

2．用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明时。

Not a book in the library has been taken away.

图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。(没人拿书，泛指)

3．用于可以说出动作执行者但动作承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时。

My watch has been repaired.

我的表修好了。

(表修好了是谈话的主旨，是谁修好无关紧要。不必提及)

4．用于出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方时。

Enough has been said here on this question.

关于这个问题，这里已经谈得不少了。

(意思是说：大家不要再说了)

5．用于文章标题、广告、新闻等中(常用省略助动词be的被动语态)。

Road Blocked.

道路已被堵塞(新闻报道，省略了助动词has been)

6．用于动作的执行者不是人时。

 The house has been washed away by the storm.

那栋房子已被暴风雨冲走了。

7．用于商务书信中书信起草人是以公司名义时。

Your letter has been received.

来信已收到。

四、现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换

从现在完成时被动语态结构has/have been done可以看出has/have为助动词，因此现在完成时被动语态的各种句型变换均应借助于has/have来完成。构成否定句时直接在has/have后面加not，构成一般疑问句时将has/have提前，如：

Has this bridge been finished?

这座桥竣工了吗？

His bad habits haven't been done away with.

他的坏习惯还没有改掉。

The blackboard has been cleaned，hasn't it?

黑板已经擦过了，是吗？

[即时训练]　把下列句子改成被动句。

1．We have cleaned our classroom.

→Our classroom has been cleaned.

2．He has sold out all his bikes in the shop.

→All his bikes in  the  shop have been sold out.

3．He hasn't finished his homework.

→His homework hasn't been finished.

4．Grandma has taken care of the child all these years.

→The child has been taken care of by grandma all these years.

5．He has repaired the machine for two hours.

→The machine has been repaired for two hours.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Paper money has been used (use) for over a thousand years.

2．Great changes have taken (take) place in my hometown and a lot of factories have been set(set) up.

3．This book has been translated(translate) into many languages up to now.

4．The fire has got  (get) to the fifth floor.I wonder whether all the people have been saved(save)．

5．—We want to sit at the table near the window.

—I'm sorry，but it has been taken(take)already.

6．Some of the chapters(章)have been read  (read) by many students.

7．Why don't you go to the bookstore to buy some books？Many new books have been brought (bring) there.

8．This month till now，three films have been shown(show) in that small village.

9．Do you know he has been given(give) a chance to work abroad recently?

10．My sister is working in the power plant that has been used (use) for just one year.

Ⅱ.短文语法填空

When we talk about the universe, we mean the earth, the sun, the moon, the stars and the space around them. Many of the stars cannot 1.be seen(see) because they are too far away.

The moon travels round the earth. It is about 380，000 kilometres away, and it 2.has been visited(visit) by man already. So far，no man 3.has travelled(travel) farther than the moon，4.but spaceships without people have reached other parts of the universe.

Man­made satellites 5.have been sent(send) into space by many countries. These satellites go round the earth and help us learn more about the earth. Most countries use these satellites 6.to receive(receive) and send messages. For example，7.with the help of the satellites, China can send its TV and radio programmes to the other side of the world. So can the foreign countries. We can also use satellites to help us make telephone calls to friends in foreign 8.countries(country)．

Our knowledge of the universe is growing all 9.the time.Thanks to the space satellites, the world itself is becoming a much 10.smaller(small) place and people from different countries now understand each other better.