高中英语Unit 2 English around the world课堂教学ppt课件

这是一份高中英语Unit 2 English around the world课堂教学ppt课件，共22页。

Tday，mre peple speak English as their first，secnd r a freign language than ever befre.Native English speakers can understand each ther even if they dn’t speak the same kind f English.Lk at this example：British Betty：Wuld yu like t see my flat?American Amy：Yes.I’d like t cme up t yur apartment.
S why has English changed ver time？Actually all languages change and develp when cultures meet and cmmunicate with each ther.At first the English spken in England between abut AD 450 and 1150 was very different frm the English spken tday.It was based mre n German than the English we speak at present .
Then gradually between abut AD 800 and 1150，English became less like German because thse wh ruled England spke first Danish and later French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vcabulary.S by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able t make use f a wider vcabulary than ever befre.In 1620 sme British settlers mved t America.Later in the 18th century sme British peple were taken t Australia t.English began t be spken in bth cuntries.
Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.At that time tw big changes in English spelling happened：first Samuel Jhnsn wrte his dictinary and later Nah Webster wrte The American Dictinary f the English Language.The latter gave a separate identity t American English spelling.
English nw is als spken as a freign r secnd language in Suth Asia.Fr example，India has a very large number f fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India frm 1765 t 1947.During that time English became the language fr gvernment and educatin.
English is als spken in Singapre and Malaysia and cuntries in Africa such as Suth Africa.Tday the number f peple learning English in China is increasing rapidly.In fact，China may have the largest number f English learners.Will Chinese English develp its wn identity？Only time will tell.,
通向现代英语之路16世纪末期，大约有五百万到七百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪英国人开始航海(vyage)征服(cnquer)了世界的其他地区。于是(because f因为)，许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或外语。
以英语作为母语的(native本地的)人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看以下例子：英国人贝蒂：“请到我的公寓里来看看，好吗？”美国人艾米：“好的。我很乐意到(cme up走近；上来)你的公寓(apartment)去。”
那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？事实上(actually)，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所发展、有所变化。首先，在公元(AD)450年到1150年间，人们所说的英语跟今天(at present现在；目前)所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础(base)的，而现代英语不是。
然后，渐渐地(gradually)，大约在公元800年到1150年期间，英语不那么像德语了，因为那时的英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语(Danish)后来讲法语。这些新的定居者大大丰富(enrich)了英语语言，特别是在词汇(vcabulary)方面。所以到17世纪，莎士比亚(Shakespeare)所用(make use f使用)的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。在1620年，一些英国人搬迁到美洲定居。后来，到了18世纪，有些英国人也被送往澳大利亚。两个国家的人都开始说英语了。
最后，到19世纪，英语才真正定型。那时，英语在拼写(spelling)上发生了两大变化：首先塞缪尔·约翰逊(Samuel Jhnsn)编写了词典，后来，诺厄·韦伯斯特(Nah Webster)编纂了《美国英语词典》。后者(latter)体现了美国英语拼写的不同特色(identity本身；身份)。
现在，英语在南亚也被当做外语或第二语言。比如说，印度拥有众多讲英语很流利的(fluent)人，这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。在那期间，英语成了官方语言和教育用语。在新加坡(Singapre)、马来西亚(Malaysia)和非洲其他国家，比如(such as)南非，人们也说英语。目前在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长，事实上，中国可能拥有世界上最多的英语学习者。中国英语会发展出自己的特色吗？这只能由时间来回答了。
STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTSWhat is standard English？Is it spken in Britain，the US，Canada，Australia，India and New Zealand？Believe it r nt，there is n such thing as standard English.Many peple believe the English spken n TV and the radi is standard English.
This is because in the early days f radi，thse wh reprted the news were expected t speak excellent English.Hwever，n TV and the radi yu will hear differences in the way peple speak.When peple use wrds and expressins different frm the“standard language”，it is called a dialect.American English has many dialects，especially the midwestern，suthern，African American and Spanish dialects.
Even in sme parts f the USA，tw peple frm neighburing twns speak a little differently.American English has s many dialects because peple have cme frm all ver the wrld.
Gegraphy als plays a part in making dialects.Sme peple wh live in the muntains f the eastern USA speak with an lder kind f English dialect.When Americans mved frm ne place t anther，they tk their dialects with them.S peple frm the muntains in the sutheastern USA speak with almst the same dialect as peple in the nrthwestern USA.
The USA is a large cuntry in which many different dialects are spken.Althugh many Americans mve a lt，they still recgnize and understand each ther’s dialects.
标准英语和方言什么是标准英语？是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度和新西兰所说的英语吗？信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的就是标准英语。这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。
当人们使用不同于“标准语言”的词语(expressin)时，那就叫做方言(dialect)。美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部(midwestern)和南部地区的方言，以及黑人(African非洲的)和西班牙人(Spanish)的方言。在美国有些地区，即使是相邻城镇的两个人所说的语言都可能稍有不同。美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人来自世界各地的缘故。