高一英语寒假作业同步练习题句子成分含解析

句子成分

1．They had to ______ (斗争) against all kinds of difficulties.

2．It’s very rude to stick your ______ (舌头) out at people.

3．The new ______ (学期) is coming and I have to go back.

4．As soon as we opened the front door we could smell the ______ (燃气).

5．The price of p_____ is coming down by four pence a gallon.

6．The majority of us feel worried if we walk through a ______ (地下通道).

7．Eleanor moved into a small furnished a_____.

8．He put on a pair of ______ (短裤) and an undershirt.

9．There are several ______ (具体的) problems to deal with.

10．I was impressed by the v_____ of dishes on offer.

11．I’d a_____ it if you let me get on with my job.

12．He was r_____ as the most successful professional player.

【答案】1．struggle 2．tongue 3．semester 4．gas 5．petrol 6．subway 7．apartment 

8．pants 9．specific 10．variety 11．appreciate 12．regarded

【分析】

1．考查动词。句意：他们不得不与各种各样的困难作斗争。根据汉语意思“斗争”以及上文had to可知应填动词原形struggle“斗争”。故填struggle。

2．考查名词。句意：向别人伸出舌头是很不礼貌的。根据汉语意思“舌头”以及上文your可知应填名词tongue“舌头”。故填tongue。

3．考查名词。句意：新学期就要到了，我得回去了。根据汉语意思“学期”以及上文The new可知应填名词semester“学期”。故填semester。

4．考查名词。句意：我们一打开前门就闻到煤气味。根据汉语意思“燃气”以及上文the可知应填名词gas“燃气”。故填gas。

5．考查名词。句意：汽油价格每加仑下降四便士。根据单词首字母和句意表示“汽油”名词为petrol。故填petrol。

6．考查名词。句意：当我们走过地下通道时，大多数人都会感到焦虑。根据汉语意思“地下通道”以及上文a可知应填单数名词subway。故填subway。

7．考查名词。句意：埃莉诺搬进了一间有家具的小公寓。根据单词首字母和句意表示“公寓”名词为apartment，冠词为a此处用单数名词。故填apartment。

8．考查名词。句意：他穿上一条裤子和一件汗衫。根据汉语意思“短裤”名词为pants，故填pants。

9．考查形容词。句意：有几个具体的问题需要处理。根据汉语意思“具体的”且修饰名词problems应用形容词specific。故填specific。

10．考查名词。句意：所提供的各种菜肴给我留下了深刻的印象。根据单词首字母和句意表示“各种各样的”短语为the variety of，故填variety。

11．考查动词。句意：如果你让我继续工作，我会很感激的。根据单词首字母和句意表示“感激”动词为appreciate，结合上文I’d此处应用原形。故填appreciate。

12．考查动词。句意：他被认为是最成功的职业运动员。根据单词首字母和句意表示“被认为是……”短语为be regarded as，故填regarded。

语法专题（句子成分）

练习题：

指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分

13．The students got on the school bus.

14．He handed me the newspaper.

15．I shall answer your question after class.

16．What a beautiful Chinese painting!

17．They went hunting together early in the morning.

18．His job is to train swimmers.

19．He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.

20．There is going to be an American film tonight.

21．He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.

22．His wish is to become a scientist.

23．He managed to finish the work in time.

24．Tom came to ask me for advice.

25．He found it important to master English.

26．Do you have anything else to say?

27．To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.

28．Would you please tell me your address?

29．He sat there, reading a newspaper.

30．It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.

31．He noticed a man enter the room.

32．The apples tasted sweet.

【答案】13．主语，定语 14．间接宾语 15．谓语，状语 16．定语 17．状语，状语 

18．定语，表语 19．宾语，状语 20．谓语，主语 21．谓语 22．主语，表语 23．谓语，宾语 

24．状语 25．形式宾语，真正宾语 26．宾语,定语 27．插入语，状语 28．宾语(间宾+直宾) 

29．状语，状语 30．形式主语，表语，宾补 31．宾补 32．表语

【分析】

13．考查句子成分。句意：学生们上了校车。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分The students是句子主语；第二处划线部分school是名词作定语修饰名词bus。故答案是主语，定语。

14．考查句子成分。句意：他把报纸递给我。分析句子成分可知，动词hand是句子的谓语，hand后接了双宾语，即“hand+间接宾语+直接宾语”，所以划线部分me是间接宾语。故答案是间接宾语。

15．考查句子成分。句意：我会在课后回答你的问题。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分shall answer是“情态动词+动词”构成句子的谓语；第二处划线部分after class是时间状语。故答案是谓语，状语。

16．考查句子成分。句意：多么美的一幅中国画！分析句子成分可知，划线部分beautiful是形容词作定语，修饰“Chinese painting”，故答案是定语。

17．考查句子成分。句意：他们一大早一起去打猎。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分hunting作目的状语；第二处划线部分early in the morning在句中作时间状语，故答案是状语，状语。

18．考查句子成分。句意：他的工作是训练游泳者。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分His是形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词job；第二处划线部分to train swimmers位于be动词后，是作表语，故答案是定语，表语。

19．考查句子成分。句意：他在北京拍了很多宫殿的照片。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分many photos of the palaces作动词took的宾语；第二处划线部分 in Beijing在句中作地点状语，故答案是宾语，状语。

20．考查句子成分。句意：今晚将有一个美国电影。分析句子成分可知，本句是there be句型，第一处划线部分There is going to be是句子的谓语；第二处划线部分an American film是句子的主语。故答案是谓语，主语。

21．考查句子成分。句意：他明天要去上海。分析句子成分可知，划线部分is to leave for Shanghai是句子的谓语。故答案是谓语。

22．考查句子成分。句意：他的愿望是成为一个科学家。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分His wish是句子的主语；第二处划线部分to become a scientist位于be动词后，是作表语，故答案是主语，表语。

23．考查句子成分。句意：他设法及时完成了工作。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分managed是谓语动词，所以作谓语成分；第二处划线部分to finish the work in time是作动词的宾语。故答案是谓语，宾语。

24．考查句子成分。句意：Tom来向我征求建议。分析句子成分可知，划线部分to ask me for advice作目的状语，故答案是状语。

25．考查句子成分。句意：他发现掌握英语很重要。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分it是动词found的形式宾语；第二处划线部分to master English是不定式作真正宾语。故答案是形式宾语，真正宾语。

26．考查句子成分。句意：你有其他要说的事情吗？分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分anything是动词have的宾语；第二处划线部分to say是不定式作后置定语修饰不定代词anything。故答案是宾语，定语。

27．考查句子成分。句意：老实说，你的发音不是那么好。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分To be honest作插入语；第二处划线部分so是程度副词作状语修饰形容词good，故答案是插入语，状语。

28．考查句子成分。句意：你能告诉我你的地址吗？分析句子成分可知，划线部分me your address是动词tell的双宾语，即间接宾语和直接宾语。故答案是宾语(间宾+直宾)。

29．考查句子成分。句意：他坐在那儿，正在读报纸。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分there作地点状语；第二处划线部分reading a newspaper是非谓语动词作伴随状语，故答案是状语，状语。

30．考查句子成分。句意：保持教室干净整洁是我们的职责。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分It 在句中是形式主语；第二处划线部分位于be动词后，作表语；第三处划线部分clean and tidy是形容词作宾语补足语。故答案是形式主语，表语，宾补。

31．考查句子成分。句意：他注意到一个男人进了房间。分析句子成分可知，enter the room是对宾语a man的补充说明，所以作宾语补足语，故答案是宾补。

32．考查句子成分。句意：苹果尝起来很甜。分析句子成分可知，tasted是感官动词，后面的形容词是作表语，所以划线部分sweet是表语，故答案是表语。

阅读理解（说明文）

There are four skills in learning English. They are reading, listening, speaking, and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills, you should first master the skills of reading and listening.

Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentence, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc. There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammars or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you come across. but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example, in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it.

As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes. You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening. Since you have lots of inputs in your mind, you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say. This never means that you should not practice listening. For listening you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children. Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes.

If you follow these pieces of advice, your speaking and writing will improve quickly, and you can be a fluent English speaker one day.

33．According to the writer, which should you improve first among the four skills?

A．Reading and listening.

B．Reading and writing.

C．Writing and speaking.

D．Speaking and listening.

34．To improve your reading, when you read you should ________.

A．look up all the new words in the dictionary

B．think about what you are reading actively

C．spend more time studying grammars

D．copy as many words and sentences as possible

35．The underlined phrase “come across” in Paragraph 2 can probably be replaced by “________”.

A．meet B．discover

C．hear D．look for

【答案】33．A 34．B 35．A

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学习英语的四种技巧。

33．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills, you should first master the skills of reading and listening.”（你必须记住的最重要的事情是，如果你想提高你的听说能力，你首先应该掌握读和听的技能。）可知，阅读和听力技能是首先要掌握的。故选A。

34．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active.It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentence, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc. ”（尽可能多地阅读。但是你的阅读必须是主动的。这就意味着你必须思考句子的意思、不熟悉的词汇的意思，等等）可知，为了提高你的阅读能力，当你阅读时，你应该积极思考你正在阅读的内容。故选B。

35．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子“There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammars or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you come across, but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example, in other passages or books, is enough.”（你不需要太注意语法，也不需要理解你come across的所有不熟悉的单词，但只要你第一次看到它们，只要你一看到就能认出它们，比如在其他文章或书中，就足够了。）可知，根据句意，结合下文的see，可推知划线词的意思是“遇到，看到”。故选A。

写作（改错）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加﹑删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出修改后的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

I’m one of the students in our class who has ever been to England. Last summer I was lucky enough to be sent there to study. As soon as I arrived on England by plane, I was picked up by the Smiths, which I would live with for the next two weeks. We felt like a fish out of water when I got there. The Smiths did what they could make me feel at home. I study at an international school, where I met friend from all over the world. I seized the opportunity to practise my speak English. Soon I made such a rapid progress that I received highly praise from all the people around.

【答案】

【分析】

这是一篇记叙文。叙述了作者去年夏天去英国学习的经历和感受。

【详解】

第一处：考查主谓一致。句意：我是我们班上曾经去过英国的学生之一。分析句子可知，the students是定语从句先行词，在后面定语从句中作主语。所以谓语的单复数要和the students保持一致。故has→have。

第二处：考查介词。句意：我坐飞机一到英国，就被史密斯一家接走了，我将和他们一起生活两个星期。arrive in到达（大地点）。故on→in。

第三处：考查关系代词。句意：我坐飞机一到英国，就被史密斯一家接走了，我将和他们一起生活两个星期。分析句子可知，the Smiths是先行词，指人。在后面定语从句中作介词with的宾语，所以关系代词用whom。故which→whom。

第四处：考查代词。句意：当我到那儿的时候，我感到不舒服。根据句意，故We→I。

第五处：考查增加词。句意：史密斯一家人做了他们所能做的让我感到不拘束。分析句子可知，what they could是宾语从句，could之后省略了动词do。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故could后加to 。

第六处：考查一般过去时。句意：我在一所国际学校学习，在那里我遇到了来自世界各地的朋友。根据语境可知文章用一般过去时态。故study→studied。

第七处：考查名词复数。句意：我在一所国际学校学习，在那里我遇到了来自世界各地的朋友。friend是可数名词，且前无冠词修饰。根据句意。故friend→friends  。

第八处：考查形容词。句意：我抓住这个机会练习英语口语。spoken English口语。为固定搭配。故speak→spoken 。

第九处：考查删除多余词。句意：很快，我取得了迅速的进步，得到了周围所有人的高度赞扬。progress是不可数名词。故去掉a 。

第十处：考查形容词。句意：很快，我取得了迅速的进步，得到了周围所有人的高度赞扬。形容词high修饰名词praise。故highly→high 。

【点睛】

在限制性定语从句中，当先行词为物时，关系代词为that ,which。当先行词为人时，关系代词为that，who，whom。在非限制性定语从句中，当先行词为物时，关系代词为which。当先行词为人时，关系代词为who,whom。当先行词作定语从句的主语时，关系代词不能省略。作宾语时，关系代词能够省略。但要注意在引导非限制性定语从句且作宾语时，who 和 whom均可用，但以用 whom 为佳，此时也不能省略。分析第三处句子可知，the Smiths是先行词，指人。在后面定语从句中作介词with的宾语，所以关系代词用whom。故which→whom。