高一英语寒假作业同步练习题介词关系代词_定语从句含解析

这是一份高一英语寒假作业同步练习题介词关系代词_定语从句含解析，共10页。
介词 关系代词-定语从句1．I ________ （认出）her at first sight in the crowd.2．What is your first tourist ________ （目的地） in China？3．Tourism， which is a major ________ （来源） of income for the city， may be seriously affected.4．I'm full of ________ （羡慕） for those who are lucky enough to be invited to the concert.5．The European Community and Britain have ________ （缩小）their difference over borders.6．Under the  ________（极其）cold conditions， the explorers had to go on working day and night.7．We will make necessary ________ （安排） for our guests before they arrive.8．As Francis Bacon said， knowledge is ________ （力量）9．Several ________ （官员）will accompany the president to visit some African countries.10．Young people spent more money ________ （租） flat in these big cities.【答案】1．recognised/ recognized 2．destination 3．source 4．admiration 5．narrowed 6．extremely 7．arrangements 8．power  9．officials 10．renting【分析】1．考查动词和时态。句意：我在人群中第一眼就认出了她。分析句子结构，所填词是句子的谓语动词；根据所给汉语意思，是动词recognize/recognise；句子是叙述过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填recognized/recognised。2．考查名词。句意：你来中国的第一个旅游目的地是哪里? 分析句子结构，所填词在句中作表语，应是名词；根据所给汉语意思，是名词destination。故填destination。3．考查名词。句意：作为城市主要收入来源的旅游业可能会受到严重影响。在不定冠词a后面应该是名词；根据所给汉语意思，是名词source。故填source。4．考查名词。句意：我对那些有幸被邀请参加音乐会的人充满羡慕。在介词of后面应该是名词；根据所给汉语意思，是名词admiration。故填admiration。5．考查动词和时态。句意：欧盟和英国已经缩小了边界上的分歧。分析句子结构，所填词是句子的谓语动词；根据所给汉语意思，是动词narrow；前面有助动词have，句子是现在完成时，因此用过去分词形式。故填narrowed。6．考查副词。句意：在极度寒冷的条件下，探险者不得不日夜工作。修饰形容词cold，应该用副词形式。故填extremely。7．考查名词。句意：我们将在客人到达之前，为他们做必要的安排。根据所给汉语意思，是名词arrangement；根据句意，arrangement应用复数形式。短语make arrangements“作出安排”。故填arrangements。8．考查名词。句意：正如弗朗西斯·培根所说，知识就是力量。分析句子结构，所填词在句子中作表语，应该是名词；根据所给汉语意思，是名词power。故填power。9．考查名词。句意：几位官员将陪同总统访问一些非洲国家。分析句子结构，所填词在句子中作主语，应该是名词；根据所给汉语意思，是名词official；前面有several，official应用复数形式。故填officials。10．考查非谓语动词。句意：年轻人在这些大城市里租房花的钱更多。根据所给汉语意思，是动词rent；短语spend money doing…“花钱做……”，后接动名词作宾语。故填renting。11．The __________ (租金) for the apartment 20,000 Yuan every worth.12．He bought a beautiful __________(公寓) in the downtown.13．It is __________(令人吃惊的) that China has made such great achievement in the medical field.14．In our life we are supposed to __________(应用) theory to practice.15．We arrived at our __________(目的地), tired and hungry.16．The library is a useful __________(来源) of information.17．They had no time to __________(安排) their own wedding.18．It is beyond my __________(能力) to finish the task in two hours.19．A short __________(航班) from Cusco takes you from the Andes into the Amazon rainforest.20．Hotel __________(食宿) is included in the price of your holiday.【答案】11．rent 12．flat 13．amazing 14．apply 15．destination 16．source 17．arrange              18．power 19．flight 20．accommodation【解析】本题为单词拼写。做题时根据所提供的语境，确定所填单词极其正确形式。11．考查名词。句意：这个公寓的租金每个月为20000元。根据句意可知填rent“租金”。故填rent。12．考查名词。句意：他在市中心买了一套漂亮的公寓。根据句意及前面的不定冠词a可知，填flat“公寓”。故填flat。13．考查形容词。句意：中国在医学领域取得如此巨大的进步真是令人震惊。根据句意可知填amazing“令人吃惊的”。故填amazing。14．考查动词。句意：在我们的生活中，我们应该把理论应用于实践。apply….to….把……应用于……，结合前面的情态动词可知，填apply。故填apply。15．考查名词。句意：我们到达了我们的目的地，既累又饿。根据句意可知，填destination“目的地”。故填destination。16．考查名词。句意：图书馆是信息的有用来源。根据句意并结合前面的不定冠词a可知，此处用名词单数形式。故填source。17．考查动词。句意：他们没时间安排自己的婚礼。此处为不定式作目的状语，arrange“安排”。故填arrange。18．考查名词。句意：两个小时内完成这个任务超出了我的能力范围。beyond one’s power超出某人的能力。故填power。19．考查名词。句意：从Cusco起飞的短线航班会把你从安第斯山脉带到亚马孙雨林。此处作主语，填名词flight“航班”。20．考查名词。句意：宾馆食宿包含在你的假期费用里。根据后面的系动词is可知，主语为单数，故填accommodation。语法专题（定语从句-介词+关系代词）＂介词＋关系代词＂的用法当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用＂介词＋关系代词＂引导定语从句。如果指＂人＂，用＂介词＋whom＂；如果指＂物＂，用＂介词＋which＂。 ＂介词＋关系代词＂结构中介词的选用1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①先行词的意义；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；③句子的意思。I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。2.表示＂整体和部分关系＂，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。3.有时＂介词＋where＂可以引导定语从句，此时要和＂介词＋which＂引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for等。＂of which / whom＂有时可以用＂whose＋名词＂结构来改写。当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时，通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省略)；如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。 练习题：21．Jennifer has eating problems with ______ she has struggled for a long time. （用适当的单词填空）22．Last night I had a dream in __________ I became a Nobel Prize winner. （用适当的词填空）23．One’s character is always defined by the way_____________ the rules are carried out in one’s behavior. (用适当的词填空)24．The house ___________ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. (用适当的词填空)25．Keep a list of things _____ which you are grateful in your life. (用适当的词填空)26．I’m fond of Xiao Du who is a robot_____________I can talk at any time. (定语从句)(用适当的单词填空)27．Here is the book about ____________ I told you yesterday. (用适当的单词填空)21．【答案】which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：詹妮弗的饮食问题困扰了她很长一段时间。分析句子结构可知 “with ______ she has struggled for a long time.”为定语从句修饰eating problems。从句中缺少宾语，表示物，位于介词with之后，故用which。故填which。22．【答案】which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨晚我做了一个我成为诺贝尔奖得主的梦。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词dream，且作介词in的宾语，指物，只能用which引导。故填which。23．【答案】in which/that【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：一个人的性格总是由他在行为中执行规则的方式所决定的。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the way，当先行词是way的时候，定语从句引导词可以用in which或that或什么也不用。故填in which/that。24．【答案】where/in which【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：我十年前住过的那所房子已被拆掉了。The house 　　　　　①　　　　　 I lived ten years ago是定语从句，先行词是the house，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where；定语从句也可还原为“I lived in the house ten years ago”，先行词是the house，指物，在从句中介词in的作宾语，用“介词+关系代词”，用in which。故填where/in which。25．【答案】for【详解】考查定语从句。句意：把你生活中值得感激的事情列一个清单。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词things，且根据短语be grateful for表示“对……心存感激”可知应用介词for。故填for。26．【答案】with whom【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我很喜欢小杜，他是一个机器人，我可以随时和他说话。分析句子结构，设空处引导定语从句，修饰名词robot，从句中talk with sb.为固定短语，意为“与某人谈话”。with后面缺少宾语，此处将with提前，需用关系代词whom引导。故填with whom27．【答案】which【分析】本题考查语法语境应用能力。【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我昨天告诉你的那本书。分析可知，“about  ____________ I told you yesterday”应是之前名词“the book”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作介词“about”的宾语，且介词已置于从句句首，应用关系代词which。故填which。语法专练：根据汉语提示，在空处填入正确的“介词+关系词”28．伽利略的思想远远超越了他所处的年代。Galileo’s ideas were well in advance of the age ____________ he lived.29．细菌是非常小的有机体，有些细菌会导致疾病。Bacteria are very small organisms, ____________ can cause diseases.30．这家工厂生产50万双鞋子，其中80%销往海外。The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every, 80% ____________ are sold abroad.31．美国女性通常认为她们最好的朋友是可以和她们经常交谈的人。American women usually consider their best friend as someone ____________ they can talk frequently.32．我们将在大学学习四年，在此期间，我们要为进入社会做好准备。We are to study in the university for four years, ____________ we shall prepare ourselves well for the society.33．她父母都在美国工作，每周他们都会给她打电话。Her parents, ____________ work in America, ring her up every week.34．这里有两座建筑物，较高的一座将近100英尺高。There are two buildings, ____________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.35．那个小男孩突然又沿着他来的那个方向跑回去了。Suddenly the little boy ran back in the direction ____________ he had come.【答案】28．in which29．some of which30．of which31．with/ to whom32．during which33．both of whom34．the taller of which35．from whichcome from【分析】考查“介词+关系词”形式定语从句。28．表示在某个年代时用介词in，故用in which引导该定语从句。29．根据汉语提示可知，空处应填入some of which，其中which指代先行词 Bacteria。30．根据汉语提示中的其中80%。可知，此处介词用of表所属关系，且应用which指代shoes。31．根据汉语提示可知，此处表示“和某人交谈”，故用介词with或to与之搭配，且先行词指人，故用with/ to whom。32．表示“在……期间”用介词during。which指代主句中的four years。故用during which。33．根据汉语提示可知，她的父母都在美国工作，从句中的谓语动词是work，因此从句主语是父母双方，故用both of whom。34．根据句意可知，此处表示两者中比较高的一个，因此用the taller of which，which指代先行词buildings。35．固定短语Come from“来自于”，在“介词+关系代词”结构中，将from放在关系代词之前，故填from which。 阅读理解（应用文）Welcome to Holker Hall & GardensVisitor InformationHow to Get to HolkerBy Car: Follow brown signs an A590 from JB6, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-1 hour 30 minutes.By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster Preston for connections to major cities & airports.Opening TimesSunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm,30 March-2nd November.Admission Charges Hall & GardensGardensAdults:£12.00£8.00Groups£9£5.5Special EventsProducers: Market 13th AprilJoin us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.Holker Garden Festival 30th MayThe event celebrate its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.National Garden Day 28th AugustHolker once again opens is gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.Winter Market 8th NovemberThis is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifs while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.36．How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?A．20 minutes. B．25 minutes.C．45 minutes. D．90 minutes.37．How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit to Hall & Cardens?A．£12.00. B．£9.00.C．£8.0 D．£5.5038．Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?A．Producers’ Market. B．Holker Garden Festival.C．National Garden Day. D．Winter Market.【答案】36．D 37．B 38．D【分析】文章为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了去Holker Hall& Garden旅游的相关信息，如：出行方式，开放时间，旅行费用以及主要活动等。36．细节理解题。根据第一段How to Get to Holker中By car里Approximate travel times后面内容可知，从Manchester到Holker要用1 hour and 30 minutes，即90分钟，故选D。37．细节理解题。根据Admission Charges可知，团体中的一员去Hall & Gardens 需要支付9英镑。38．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Winter Market中最后一句Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.可知，如果想去看现场表演需要去Winter Market。故选D。【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。此题中的三题全为细节理解题。细节理解题首先要根据题干准确定位信息句，其次要对信息句进行准确的理解和判断，如第一题为转述型，1 hour and 30 minutes，即90分钟。第二题和第三题则为简单的一一对应型，只要找到信息句即可得出答案。写作（提纲类）假如你是校学生会主席李华，学校安排你下周末作为导游带领外籍教师Mr. Smith进行一次近郊游。请你用英语给Mr. Smith写一封电子邮件，包括以下内容：1.自我介绍；2.出游的时间、目的地等信息；3.需要提前做的准备工作。要求：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Mr. Smith，___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours sincerely，Li Hua【答案】Dear Mr. Smith,It is my honor to introduce myself to you. I’m Li Hua, Chairman of the Student Union of our school. And I was asked to act as a tourist guide for you on next weekend. The schedule and details are as follows：We’ll have a wonderful and well-organized trip, not far from the downtown. Since you are new here, you will be amazed at the scenery and surroundings there. In terms of the meeting time, 8 o’clock on the morning of Saturday will be fine. And at that time, I will be waiting for you at the school gate. Remember not to take too many things. Just a bottle of water, some pieces of bread or other kinds of food, a cap or a pair of sunglasses will be enough. Also, you'd better wear a pair of sports shoes.Looking forward to seeing you. I believe we'll have a good day.Yours SincerelyLi Hua【解析】试题分析：这篇作文要求我们根据所给信息写一封电子邮件。内容包括：自我介绍；出游时间、目的地等信息；需要提前做的准备工作。写作时，我们可以根据需要将这些信息进行整理和安排，使文章的意思衔接更自然。文中所使用的词汇和句型，是学生们比较熟悉的，所以将平时的积累发挥出来就可以。当然我们要尽量使用一些好的句型和连词，使文章上下文意思连贯，更出彩。写作亮点：这是一篇非常优秀的作文，短文中作者按照题目的要求条理清楚，结构清晰，要点全面。而且作者在写作时，并不是完全按照题目中给出的顺序，逐句翻译的，而是将这些信息进行了整合，让意思关联紧密的放在一起表达。短文中的语言合乎英语的表达规范，而且作者还使用了一些较好的词汇和句式，增强了文章的连贯性。如：动词不定式和动词-ing形式的使用，被动结构，状语从句,宾语从句和一些好的短语act as, be amazed at, in terms of, look forward to等等。考点：应用文作文