【寒假复习】Unit 8 Detective stories 词句精讲精练

Unit 8  Detective stories 词句精讲精练词汇精讲1. happenhappen是不及物动词，它的用法有：(1) 表示“某地/某时发生了什么事”，常用“sth. + happened + 时间/地点”这一结构，此时主语应该是物。例如：     The story happened in 2008. 这个故事发生在2008年。     An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。(2) 表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”要用“sth. + happened + to sb.”这一结构。例如：     A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她出了车祸。     What happened to you? 你怎么啦？(3) 表示“某人碰巧做某事”要用“sb. + happened + to do sth.”这一结构。例如：     I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday. 昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。【拓展】happen和take place的辨析：    (1) happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。例如：    What happened to him? 他出了什么事？    (2) take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如：    The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。注意：happen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。2. missingmissing是miss的动名词形式，还可作形容词，表示“（现在）处于丢失的状态”。例如：My key to my house is still missing now. 我家的钥匙还是找不到。 【拓展】（1）miss作动词，意为“想念／错过”。例如：We have never seen each other for a long time, so I miss you very much. 因为我们彼此很长时间没有见面了， 所以我非常想念你。She missed an important meeting yesterday.   她昨天错过了一次重要的会议。（2）lose作动词，意为“丢失，损失”，过去式是lost，lost还可作形容词，意为“丢失的，迷路的”。例如：They lost a large sum of money on that project.他们在那个项目上损失了一大笔钱。The twin brothers are (get) lost in the forest.  这对双胞胎弟弟在森林里迷路了。3. dressdress作动词，意为“穿着，穿衣”，后面一般接表示人的名词或代词作宾语，不接表示衣服的名词。例如：The boy can dress himself. 那个男孩儿可以自己穿衣服。（1）dress up意为“装扮，乔装打扮”或者“穿上盛装，打扮”。例如：You don’t need dress up for the party. 你不必为这个聚会精心打扮。The boy often dresses up as a monkey. 那个男孩常装扮成一只猴子。（2）be dressed意为“穿着”，表示一种状态，后面跟介词in可以和接表示颜色的词。例如：She was dressed in white.她穿着白色衣服。【拓展】wear，put on，dress与in（1）wear 表示穿着、戴着的某种状态。例如：She wears a pink coat. 她穿着一件粉红色大衣。（2）put on 表示穿戴的动作。例如：She put on her beautiful hat. 她戴上了她的漂亮帽子。（3）dress 后接人作宾语，表示“给……穿衣”。例如：She dresses herself every day. 她每天自己穿衣。（4）in与wear 都表示“穿”或者“戴”，wear在句中作谓语，in与其他词一起构成介宾短语，做句子的定语、表语等。例如：She is in pink. 她穿着粉红色的衣服。4. confirm（1）作动词，意为“证实;确定”，后接宾语，that引导的从句或特殊疑问词引导的从句。例如：His letter confirmed everything.   他的信证实了一切。 I gave the policeman a number to ring to confirm the fact.  我给警察一个电话号码，要他打电话证实此事。（2）作动词，意为“ 坚定;加强”。例如：The latest developments confirmed me in my belief. 最新的发展使我坚信我的信仰。 （3）作动词，还意为“批准,确认”。例如：The Mayor confirmed the treaty. 市长批准了此项条约5.find outfind out意为“查明白、弄清楚”，多用于经过调查、分析、研究等手段查出的情况，查出的东西往往是抽象的，如时间、事实、真相等。例如：Please find out when the meeting starts.  请查一下会议什么时候开始。【拓展】（1）find意为“找到、发现”，指偶然发现或经过一番寻找，找到值得或所需的东西，强调找的结果。例如：I found the book I was looking for. 我找到了一直在找的书。（2）look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调找的动作。例如：Jim is looking for his little dog.   Jim正在找他的狗。（3）discover意为“发现”，指有意或无意地发现已经存在尚不为人知的事物。例如：  China has discovered oil under the South China Sea. 中国在南海发现了石油。（4）invent意为“发明”指经过研究、设计而创造出原本未有的东西。例如：  Cai Lun invented the paper. 蔡伦发明了纸。6. death
death作名词，意为“死亡”。例如：
She cried out after knowing his husband’s death. 知道丈夫的死讯后，她大哭起来。【拓展】
（1）die 作动词，意为“死亡”。例如：
  His father died last week. 他的父亲上周去世了。
（2）dead作形容词，意为“死的”，指状态，可以和一段时间连用。例如：
  He found a dead bird in the garden. 他在花园里发现一只死鸟。
（3）dying作形容词，意为“快要死的；奄奄一息的”。例如：
   The dying man was saved by a kind-hearted lady.
   那位奄奄一息的老人被一位好心女士救了。7. so farso far“迄今为止；到目前为止”，常用于现在完成时，可以放在句末或句首。例如：
He has written three books so far. 到目前为止他已经写了三本书。
We have learned about 2500 words so far. 迄今为止我们已学了大约2500个单词。
【拓展】
英语中现在完成时的其他标志词：already（已经）；just（刚刚）；never（从不）；ever（曾经）；yet（仍然）；for+一段时间；since（自从）+过去时间等。例如：
I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。
— Has the train started yet? 火车已经开了吗？
— Not yet. 还没有。
He has been to many places since he came to China.
自从他来到中国以来，已经到过许多地方了。8. provideprovide作动词，意为“提供，供给”，常与介词with连用，provide sb.with sth.表示“供应给某人某物”；也可以用于provide sth. for sb.，表示“为某人提供某物”，provide的宾语是被提供的东西，for的宾语是接受这些东西的人等。The sun provides us with light and heat.＝The sun provides light and heat for us.太阳给我们提供光和热。【拓展】辨析：offer与provideoffer（1）给予，提供(有主观上愿意供给的意思)He offered me a glass of wine. 他端给我一杯酒。（2）愿意，试图(做某事)；提议[+to do]  They offered to help me. 他们表示愿意帮助我。（3）offer还有“出价，给工资”的意思。We offered him the calculator for $50. 这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。provide（1）作及物动词，“提供装备，供给”, provide sb.with sth.= provide sth.for sb.表示“为某人提供某物”。例如：She managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。（2）作不及物动词，“抚养，赡养”(+for)He tried to earn more money to provide for a large family.他设法多挣钱以供养一个大家庭。 词汇精练I. 英汉词组互译。1. 强行进入 ________       2.have nothing to do with ________    3. in a hurry ________        4.和某人和睦相处 ________5. in prison________         6.guard against sth________           7. 中等身高________        8.到目前为止________II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。
1. Joe likes reading all the d________ stories。.        2. M________the train means waiting for another hour.   3. I ________ (猜测) you have your answer.                          4．Each of US should be a great citizen and obey the _______(法律)．  5．The murderer attacked the victim with a short g______．   6. The lady was d_________in black at the party.     7. Bird flu can also cause sudden d________.      8. Food can p________ energy for us.    9. My employer will________(证实)  that I was there on time.  10. The accident _________(发生) at six o’clock in the morning.     III. 根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空。1．He breathed _____(heavy)after running a moment．2．Though the businessman is successful in his business．He has many ______(enemy)．3．When the earthquake happened，the woman tried to take her child to ______(safe)．4．The teacher told us the sun _______(rise)in the east．
5．Do you know the ______(high) of the Yellow Mountain?6．Those _______ (thief) were caught at last．
7．How about_________ (report) him to the police? 8．He thought the police would be able to find the ___________ (own).IV. 根据句意从方框中选用合适的词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。   want    read    listen    murder    leave1．Before we could say more to Fangfang，the train _______．2．Be quick，Mum，you _____ on the phone．3．A young man ______ last night．4．—_______ you _____ today's paper?    —Yes．I read it just now．5．—Did you see a boy in white pass by just now?—No，sir．I ______ to music _______．     V. 听力链接。听独白，记录关键信息。独白你将听两遍。TimeActivityThursday   1  get to BeijingThursday nightstay at   2     3  go to a clubSaturdaytake a tourSaturday afternoonplay basketball from  4   to fourSundaymeet some  5         【参考答案】I. 英汉词组互译。1. break into    2. 与……无关    3.匆忙               4. get on/along well with   5.坐牢        6. 防范，提防     7. medium height      8. so farII. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成下列句子。1. detective    2. Missing    3. guess    4.law    5.gun6. dressed    7. death   8. provide    9. confirm   10. happenedIII. 根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空。1．heavily    2．enemies    3．safety    4．rises
5．height  6．thieves  7. reporting      8. ownerIV. 请根据句意从方框中选用合适的词，并用其适当时态填空，使句子通顺。1．had left  2．are wanted  3．was murdered  4．Have；read  5．was；listening     V. 听力链接。    答案：1. morning  2. home   3. Friday    4. two    5. friends  原文：     Hello, everyone. Now I’ll say something about my last weekend.     I had a great time last weekend. My friend Jack came to visit me for three days. He’s never been to Beijing before, so I showed him around the city. He got here on Thursday morning. I never go out on Thursday nights because I have to be at work early on Fridays. So the first night we just stayed at home and relaxed. On Friday, we went to a club. I hardly ever go to clubs. I don’t really like dancing, but Jack loves it. He is a good dancer. We danced there for three hours. Saturday, we took a tour of the city. I showed him some of my favorite places. In the afternoon, we went to a gym to play basketball. We both like basketball and play it well. We got there at two o’clock and left at four o’clock. We had a good time there. On Sunday, we met some other friends and went out for lunch at this Chinese place I often go to. And then Jack left in the afternoon. It was good seeing him.     Thank you for listening. 句式精讲1. A detective is someone who looks for clues to something important. 句子who looks for clues to something important在此作someone的定语，构成含有定语从句的复合句。引导定语从句的关系词有：that; who; when; why; where等。（1）关系词that，既可指人，也可指物。例如：The man that you met is my teacher. 你遇到的那个人是我的老师。She is the singer that I saw last week. 她就是我上周遇到的那个歌唱家。（2）关系代词who（指人），whom（who的宾格形式），whose，which（指物）。例如：    The room whose window is broken is our classroom. 那个窗户坏了的房间是我们的教室。    He is the man who knows the answer. 他是那个知道答案的人。（3）关系副词when（指时间），why（表原因），where（表地点）。例如：    That is the place where I was born. 那就是我出生的地方。    Can you tell me the time when you were born? 你能告诉我你出生的时间吗？2. He had many friends and a well-paid job.well-paid是一个复合形容词，意为“高薪的”。复合形容词是由两个或两个以上的单词组成，用来修饰一个名词。组成复合形容词的每个形容词之间要用连字符连接以避免混淆和词不达意。复合形容词主要用来作定语,并且只作前置定语,即要放在被修饰词之前。它也可以作形容词,表示一个长时间的特点或性质。例如：an eight- year-old boy  一个八岁的男孩     a ten-metre-tall tree  一棵三米高的树复合形容词构成很多，如下： （1）数词+名词（单数)one-child   独生子女的      two-hour 两小时的（2）数词+名词（单数)+形容词three-year-old  三岁的    seven-foot-wide   七英尺宽的 8000-meter-long   8000米长的    six-meter-tall   六米高的（3）形容词+名词（普通）full-time   全日制的      high-class 高级的second-hand  二手的      part-time  业余的3. According to the record， he was guilty of computer crimes in the past.according to 意为“根据”，后接名词或代词。主要用来表示“根据”某学说、某书刊、某文件、某人所说等或表示“按照”某法律、某规定、某惯例、某情况等。　例如：　Everything went off according to plan. 一切都按照计划实现了。　　According to my watch it is five o’clock. 照我的表，现在是5点钟。　　Each man will be paid according to his ability. 每个人将根据他的能力获得报酬。　　【拓展】（1）according as意为“根据，随……而定”，后接从句。例如：　Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每个人根据自己的能力做出贡献。　　You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 根据你工作的好坏，你会得到表扬或批评。　　（2） 但是，对于那些由what, which, whether, how, when, where等引导的句子，其前要用according to，不用according as。　　He is an honest businessman, according to what everyone says. 根据大家所说，他是位诚实的商人。　　The amount of tax people pay varies according to where they live. 居住地不同，人们所交的税额也各不相同。　　These apples have been graded according to how big they are. 这些苹果已经按照大小分了等级。　　They were arranged according to when they happened. 它们是按发生的时间安排的。4. He was charged with breaking into several computer systems over the last year. be charged with意为“承担……，被指控……，（因某事）谴责（人）”。例如：
Jack is charged with looking after his brother.  Jack负责照看他的弟弟。
The man is charged with murder. 那人被指控杀人。
其主动语态为charge sb. with…。例如：
The police charged the driver with careless driving. 警察指控这个驾驶员鲁莽驾驶。
【拓展】
charge作动词，既可做及物动词，也可做不及物动词。
（1）作及物动词，意为“记账；给……充电；委以重任”等。例如：
Please charge these bills to my account. 请把这些帐单记在我的账上。
He forgot to charge the battery. 他忘记给电池充电了。
She was charged with an important mission. 她被委以重任。
（2）作不及物动词，意为“收费，要价；记账；充电”等。例如：
How much do you charge for a room? 租一个房间要多少钱？
Charge now，pay later. 现在先记账，以后再付款。
Does your car battery charge easily? 你汽车上的蓄电池容易充电吗？5. We suppose that the victim knew his murderer.（1）suppose作及物动词时，意为“假定，猜想”，后面常接宾语从句。例如：
Let’s suppose that the news is true.  让我们假定这个消息时真的。
（2）suppose和think, believe等后跟宾语从句时，主句主语是第一人称时，其反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。例如：
I suppose she is serious, isn’t she? 我猜想她是认真的，不是吗？
（3）对含有suppose的疑问句，简略回答中肯定回答用Yes, I suppose so；否定回答用No, I suppose not，或No, I don’t suppose so. 例如：
— Do you suppose he will come? 你猜他会来吗？
— No, I suppose not / don’t suppose so. 不，我猜不会来。句式精练I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。
1．The two boys began to know each other in 2008．(改为同义句)The two boys ________ _______ each other ______ 2008．2．He is a boy of eight．(改为同义句)He is ________ _________ boy．3．“Will it rain tomorrow?”Tom asked me．(改为宾语从句)Tom asked me ________ ________ ________ _______the next day.4．The murder happened last Friday．(对划线部分提问)_________ _________last Friday?5．People saw the young man at 7:00 p.m. at his home for the last time．(改为被动语态)The young man ________ __________ at 7:00 p.m. at his home the last time．II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。1．我们已经对这四个嫌疑人做了笔录。We _______ _______ _______ ________the four suspects．2．有人最后一次看到安迪打篮球是在昨天。Andy _______last _______ _______ _______ yesterday．3．我认为我不能和约翰融洽相处。I _______ think I _______ ________ well with John.4. 那个30岁的男子没有罪。The________ man ________ ________.5. 他们按年龄分成三组。They divided themselves into three groups ________ _______age. 6.你能提供我一些关于如何使用计算机的消息吗？Could you        me with some information about _______ _______use computers ?III．用关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子（定语从句）。
1. This is the mountain village ______ I stayed last year. 2. I’ll never forget the days _______ I worked together with you.3. The car ______ my uncle bought last week was stolen.4. The students _______ don`t study hard will not pass the exam.5. I`ll never forget the time ________ we work on the farm.6. This is the house _______ we lived last year.7. They talked of the things and persons _______ they remembered in the school.8. This is the story about the girl_______ name is Lucy.9. The reason ______he didn't come was that he was ill.10. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.IV. 补全对话。      根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。A: Morning, Tina. Did you enjoy your holiday in the country last week?B: Yes, I really had a lot of fun there.A: Great! 1.                     ?B: With some of my friends.A: 2.                         ? In a hotel?B: No. We camped in a mountain village. And we cooked our meals over an open fire.A: Sounds wonderful. How was the weather there?B: 3.            . When we took a walk in the countryside, we met some villagers and had tea with them.A: 4.                    ?B: Yes. I will bring you some pictures tomorrow. By the way, what did you do last weekend?A: 5.              B: Wow, pretty cool. I believe you had a great time, too.【参考答案】I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。1．have known；since  2．an eight-year-old  3．if／whether it would rain 4. What happened5. was seenII. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。1. have made notes on      2. was; seen playing basketball   3. don’t；can get along     4. 30-year-old；isn’t guilty5. according to            6. provide，how toIII.用关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子（定语从句）。1. where     2. when      3. that/which    4. who/that     5. when   6. where     7. that      8. whose        9. why        10.which/thatIV. 补全对话。1. Who did you go there with /Who did you enjoy your holiday with2. Where did you stay3. It was fine/ sunny/ The weather was fine/ sunny/ very good/ not bad4. Did you take photos / pictures  Did you take any/a few/many/a lot of photos / pictures5. …任何合理的描述过去周末做过的愉快的事情。（注意时态要用一般过去时，句子结构，拼写正确。）