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高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration课时训练
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration课时训练，共31页。试卷主要包含了5分,满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A gd bk abut space can inspire an interest in explring the universe. If yu're hping fr a hliday gift fr yur kids, yu're in the right place.
Margaret and the Mn
Age range: 4—8
In Margaret and the Mn, Dean Rbbins utlines the pineering sftware engineer's life, frm the backyard f her childhd hme, where she put frward a millin questins abut the night sky, t the hallways f NASA, where she led a team frm MIT t develp the nbard flight sftware that wuld land the first men n the mn.
I am Neil Armstrng
Age range: All ages
In I am Neil Armstrng, the bestselling(畅销的) authr Brad Meltzer shws kids hw Neil Armstrng made it all the way t the mn. Meltzer begins the stry with yung Armstrng trying t climb t the tp f a silver maple tree after falling and getting back up. He cntinued this spirit thrughut his career(职业).
Lk Inside Space
Age range: 3 and up
Fr parents f yung kids, Usbrne's prizewinning Lk Inside Space is a must t share the histry and technlgy f space explratin with starry-eyed kids. It explres the histry f human space flight and the basics f stars and planets. It's enjyable t all space fans, but is especially gd fr pre-schl and kindergarten-age kids.
Max Ges t the Space Statin
Age range: All ages
Jeffrey Bennett's tale abut a dg called Max and his adventures t the Internatinal Space Statin isn't nly an accurate lk at what life in space is like. The bk was actually sent int space and jined the statin's library in 2014 as part f the Stry Time frm Space prject. It enables readers t learn all srts f fun facts abut space.
1.What's the text mainly intended t intrduce?
A.Hw t find hliday gifts fr yur kids.
B.Sme kids' space bks fr the hlidays.
C.Hw t inspire kids' interest in the universe.
D.Sme bks abut the theries f the universe.
2.Which bk can inspire a sense f determinatin in readers?
A.Max Ges t the Space Statin.
B.Margaret and the Mn.
C.I am Neil Armstrng.
D.Lk Inside Space.
3.In which aspect is Max Ges t the Space Statin different frm the ther three bks?
A.It has experienced space travel.
B.It is suitable fr kids f all ages.
C.It is a bigraphy (传记)f an astrnaut.
D.It has wn a prize as a bestseller.
B
Edmnd Halley was an English scientist. He studied the bservatins f cmets(彗星)which ther scientists had made. The rbit(轨道) f ne particular cmet was a very difficult mathematical prblem. He culd nt figure it ut. Neither culd ther scientists wh dealt with such prblems.
Hwever, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newtn, wh was a brilliant mathematician. Newtn thught he had already wrked ut that prblem, but he culd nt find the papers n which he had dne it. He tld Halley that the rbit f a cmet had the shape f an ellipse(椭圆形).
Then Halley set t wrk. He figured ut the rbits f sme f the cmets that had been bserved by scientists. He made a surprising discvery. The cmets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same rbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 r 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange t Halley. Three different cmets fllwed the same rbit. The mre Halley thught abut it, the mre he thught that there had nt been three different cmets as peple thught. He decided that they had simply seen the same cmet three times. The cmet had gne away and had cme back again.
It was an astnishing idea! Halley felt certain thugh(然而) t make a predictin(预言) f what wuld happen in the future. He predicted that this wuld appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years t g befre Halley's predictin culd be tested. In 1758 the cmet appeared in the sky. Halley did nt see it, fr he had died sme years befre. Ever since then that cmet has been called Halley's cmet, in his hnur.
4.Edmnd Halley figured ut the rbit f .
A.sme different cmets appearing several times
B.the same cmet appearing at different times
C.three different cmets appearing at the same time
D.several cmets appearing at the same time
5.Halley made his discvery .
A.by ding experiments
B.by means f his wn careful bservatin
C.by using the wrk f ther scientists
D.by chance
6.When did Halley make a surprising, but crrect predictin?
A.In 1704. B.In 1705.
C.In 1706. D.In 1707.
7.This passage in general is abut .
A.Halley and ther scientists
B.the rbit f a cmet
C.Newtn and Halley
D.Halley and his discvery
C
Of all the planets, nne has captured(引起) the wrld's imaginatin like Mars. Its reddish(微红的) clur and changes in brightness ver time make the planet an unfrgettable sight.
In Csms:A SpaceTime Odyssey, a televisin series frm the 1980s, scientist Carl Sagan talked abut sme traditinal ideas abut Mars. Sme f these ideas are frm the English science fictin writer H. G. Wells' The War f the Wrlds. Others are frm the mistaken science f Percival Lwell, an American astrnmer wh believed intelligent beings lived n Mars. Wells described Martians as threatening. Lwell imagined them as the hpeful engineers f great wrks. Carl Sagan said that bth ideas influenced the public deeply.
Tday, Mars cntinues t excite humans—nt as the bject f science fictin but f scientific studies. Space scientists have cllected a wealth f(大量的) infrmatin frm spacecrafts that have rbited, landed n and dug int the Martian surface.
The Smithsnian's “Mars Day” ffered a chance fr peple f all ages t tuch Mars, r at least a piece f it. Allisn and Alycia frm Silver Spring, Maryland,brught their children, Grace, Sam, Ryan and Emma. They heard abut Mars and its gelgy(地质) frm experts. They culd see a test versin f the Viking landers that reached Mars in July f 1976. They als saw meterites(陨石) knwn t have cme frm the red, r reddish planet. Eight-year-ld Sam learned that the ancient descriptin f Mars as red is nt exactly right. He said,“It's actually range mre than red and it's als kind f brwn.” Emma was six. She learned abut the vlcanic(火山引起的) activity that has shaped the surface f Mars. She said,“The clsest thing t Mars—the stuff—is frm vlcanes mstly.”
“Mars Day” ffered Allisn and Alycia's children a chance t learn mre abut a wrld that they are very likely t set ft n within their lifetimes.
8.What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A.Why Martians were cnsidered threatening.
B.Why Mars has captured the wrld's imaginatin.
C.What peple generally thught f Mars in the past.
D.Hw H. G.Wells gt the idea fr his science fictin.
9.It is implied in Paragraph 3 that .
A.tday's space scientists still knw nthing abut Mars
B.tday's space scientists are very interested in Mars
C.science fictin films are n lnger set in Mars
D.space scientists haven't made any prgress in knwing Mars
10.What wuld Sam prbably agree?
A.Mars is nt really red.
B.N meterites have cme frm Mars.
C.Mars cannt be described as a little brwn.
D.The ancient descriptin f the clr f Mars is true.
11.What is the writer's attitude twards the idea that humans will set ft n Mars?
A.He thinks it may happen this year.
B.He thinks it will always remain a dream.
C.He thinks it will cme true within hundreds f years.
D.He thinks it may happen in the fllwing decades.
D
An experiment which saw salad seeds sent int space has given hpe fr the future f grwing fd n anther planet, accrding t a recently-published study.
The findings have appeared after tw kilgrams f seeds spent six mnths n bard the Internatinal Space Statin(ISS) with the astrnaut, Tim Peake, as part f his Principia missin.
There, the seeds culd have absrbed up t 100 times mre radiatin(辐射)than n Earth while being influenced by the vilent shaking frm the stresses f space travel.
When the seeds returned t Earth in 2016,600,000 children frm schls acrss Britain tk part in an experiment, supprted by the UK Space Agency, t plant them and mnitr their grwth, cmparing it t that f seeds that had remained n Earth.
The results shwed that, while the space seeds grew mre slwly and were mre sensitive t ageing, they were still able t survive.
Peake said, “When humans travel t Mars, they will need t find ways t feed themselves, and this research helps us understand sme f the bilgy f seed strage and germinatin(发芽) which will be imprtant fr future space missins.”
The Ryal Hrticultural Sciety(RHS) tasked 8,600 schls and grups acrss Britain with taking part in the cntrlled study and recrding their results as a scientist wuld.
It was part f a prject called Rcket Science, led by the RHS Campaign fr Schl Gardening, in partnership with the UK Space Agency.
RHS manager Alana Cama said, “The Rcket Science experiment pened a windw int space bilgy and allwed yung peple t be at the frefrnt f creative research.”
“This research prject did mre than just inspire;it furthered ur understanding f the challenges arund grwing plants in unusual envirnments and the pssibility f grwing fd n lng-term space missins in the future. Inspiring a new generatin f btanists and bilgists will remain ur gal t enrich everyne's lives thrugh plants.”
12.What d the findings f the experiment indicate?
A.Salad seeds sent int space turned ut t be a failure.
B.Astrnauts successfully grew salad seeds n Mars.
C.The future f grwing plants in space lks bright.
D.The radiatin makes it impssible fr plants t survive.
13.Which wrd can be filled in the blank t cmplete the research steps?
carry the seeds
int space→bring them
back t Earth→ the
grwing state→make
cmparisns
A.Update. B.Observe.
C.Prtect. D.Imprve.
14.Unlike thse n Earth, the seeds sent int space .
A.can grw 100 times larger in size
B.prvide enugh fd fr astrnauts
C.stp grwing when returning t Earth
D.are mre likely t shw signs f ageing
15.What can we learn frm what Alana Cama said?
A.Grwing plants in unusual envirnments is n lnger a challenging task.
B.A new generatin f btanists and bilgists takes the lead in the research.
C.The prject inspires the interests f the yung generatin in creative fields.
D.The explratin f grwing fd in space is the central missin in the future.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Over the next 50 years, we are ging t send mre and better rbts t Mars. 16 There is a limit t what rbts can tell us, thugh, s eventually we will have t send peple t study the planet.
Befre peple can visit Mars, we need t invent a spaceship that can take us there. 17 Depending n where Mars and Earth are in their rbits arund the sun, it culd take between six mnths and a year t get there.
The mn is much clser, and we were there many years ag. Over the next 10 years, we are ging t wrk n building a new spacecraft. 18
Once we return t the mn, we are ging t build a statin s that peple can live and wrk n the mn fr mnths at a time. This is imprtant s that we have a place t start frm when we want t visit Mars. 19
By the time yu are ld enugh t be an astrnaut, we will have peple spending mnths n the mn. By the time yu are ld enugh t be a cmmander f a space missin, we will be taking trips t Mars. By the time yur kids are ld enugh t be astrnauts, we may have peple living n Mars. Wuldn't it be cl t get a pstcard frm smene wh was building a huse n Mars? 20
A.Mars is very faraway.
B.Peple will g t live n Mars ne day.
C.Wuldn't it be cler if it was yu wh sent the pstcard?
D.Using this craft, we will practice the skills we need t g t Mars.
E.Thse rbts will send back better pictures, maps, and weather reprts.
F.It wuld be pssible fr us t g t Mars in a spacecraft in the near future.
G.This is als imprtant because it gives us practice with living away frm Earth.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Snwy wanted t be a shw jumping hrse. Every day she wuld 21 her mum t allw her t jump. Finally, her mum decided she was 22 enugh and they went int the jumping arena(竞技场).
Snwy was very excited, but when she saw hw 23 the jumps were, she started shaking. “I can't jump that high. It's a gd idea that we 24 ,” she said. Her mum said, “I wuldn't expect yu t 25 that high. There's a lg (原木) n the grund. Why nt start jumping ver that?” Snwy gathered(积聚) her 26 , walked t the lg and then managed t jump ver it.
“I did it!” she shuted happily. 27 , her mum said, “Yu can't just jump ver lgs if yu want t be a shw jumper. 28 the lw jump ver there.”
Again, Snwy was 29 but she tried it and fund she culd d it. As time went n, Snwy prgressed t taller jumps, until finally she 30 the arena and lked at the tallest jumps.Over the past few weeks, smething had 31 . These jumps seemed much less 32 t Snwy. She jumped ver them easily. Her mum lked with 33 at her and said, “This is what happens when yu start 34 and build yur way up.”
S never be afraid f 35 in life, but start small and keep trying. Then yu'll be able t d anything.
B.warn C.frce D.advise
B.fat C.clever D.careful
B.high C.lng D.far
B.leave C.stay D.settle
B.stp C.start D.arrive
B.pwer C.dubt D.curage
B.Immediately
C.Hwever D.Besides
B.Try
C.Carry D.Study
B.happy C.upset D.serius
B.liked C.entered D.needed
B.changed
C.begun D.cntinued
B.imprtant
C.familiar D.terrible
B.anger
C.patience D.kindness
B.yung
C.small D.smart
35.A failures B.wrries
C.uncertainties D.difficulties
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Abut fifty years ag, China successfully launched 36 (it) first satellite, Dng Fang Hng 1, and started a new chapter in space explratin. 37 (mark) its 50th anniversary, China Natinal Space Administratin annunced the name f the cuntry's first Mars explratin missin n April 24.
The missin, Tianwen, gt its name frm a famus pet, Qu Yuan, 38 wrte the lng pem Tianwen. In the pem, Qu raised a series f questins cncerning the sky, stars, natural phenmena, myths and the real wrld, reflecting his dubts abut traditinal ideas and his pursuit f truths.
China 39 (make) remarkable prgress in space explratin. As early as 1970, China launched its first satellite, becming the fifth cuntry in the wrld t launch man-made satellites 40 (independent). Over the past few years, China's missins, including the Shenzhu and Chang'e series 41 (design) t explre uter space, expanded mankind's understanding f Earth and the universe.
This time, 42 Tianwen series will carry ut the first Mars explratin missin in 2020.
Experts cnsider it the start f China's explratin f Mars, 43 (represent) a milestne fr China's mve tward deep space.
Indeed, 44 the name's deep rts in Chinese traditinal culture, it has been widely accepted amng the public. Tianwen demnstrates the 45 (determine) and perseverance (坚持不懈) f Chinese peple t mve further int deep space.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华。你班最近一次班会的主题是“太空探索的意义”。请你结合下表内容,用英语给《21世纪学生报》的“Vice Yur Opinin”栏目投一篇稿,介绍你们讨论的情况并发表你的观点。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The jurney t the mn has been the first step tward future explratin in space. The distance between the mn and the earth is very shrt indeed when cmpared with the distances between the earth and the ther planets. Mars, ne f the nearest planets t the earth, is millins f miles away. Travelling t the planets will be man's next aim. Such travels will be mre challenging than the trip t the mn and certainly mre adventurus.
Recently, tw American spaceships, Viking 1 and Viking 2, landed n Mars, trying t discver whether there is any life n the planet. S far the sign f life n Mars has neither been cnfirmed nr been ruled ut(排除).
Russians have discvered that the surface f Venus(金星)is s ht that it is almst certain that there is n life there. Als the atmsphere f Venus is extremely dense and the pressure is nearly a hundred times greater than that f the earth's atmsphere.
Scientists believe man may find planets which have the same cnditins as thse we have n the earth, but they als say man shuld realize the earth will be the nly hme fr a lng time and begin t lve and care abut it.
答案全解全析
单元达标检测
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书籍。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段“A gd bk abut hliday gift fr yur kids, yu're in the right place.”可知,本文介绍四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书籍,故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据I am Neil Armstrng部分中的“Meltzer begins the stry with yung Armstrng trying t climb t the tp f a silver maple tree after falling and getting back up. He cntinued this spirit thrughut his career(职业).”可知,I am Neil Armstrng这本书展示了主人公的坚定意志,可以激发读者的决心,故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据Max Ges t the Space Statin部分中的“The bk was actually sent int space and jined the statin's library in 2014 as part f the Stry Time frm Space prject.”可知,这本书的与众不同之处在于,它经历过太空飞行,故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.inspire v.激励;鼓舞;赋予灵感 2.put frward 提出 3.must n.必须做(或看、买等)的事 4.accurate adj.准确的 5.enable v.使能够 6.all srts f各种各样的
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了哈雷以及他是如何发现哈雷彗星的。
4.B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“He decided that they had simply seen the same cmet three times.”及上文提到的看到彗星的时间分别是1531年、1607年和1682年可知,B项正确。
5.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“He studied the bservatins f cmets(彗星) which ther scientists had made.”以及第三段中的“He figured ut the scientists.”可知,哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家们的观测结果时得出来的。故选C项。
6.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He predicted that this wuld appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years t g befre Halley's predictin culd be tested.”可知,哈雷预测彗星会在1758年出现,而这需要过53年才能得到验证,即1758-53=1705,故选B项。
7.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了科学家哈雷及他是如何发现哈雷彗星的。故选D项。
【高频词汇】 1.particular adj.特指的;专指的 2.figure ut计算出 3.brilliant adj.聪明的 4.wrk ut计算出 5.in sb.'s hnur为向某人表示敬意
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。在“火星日”,人们可以对火星有更好的认识和了解。
8.C 主旨大意题。第二段介绍了Carl Sagan谈论的关于火星的一些传统的观点,这些观点中的一些来自Wells,其他来自Lwell,由此可知,这一段主要讲过去人们对火星的一些传统认识,故选C。本题要注意A项和D项的排除,第二段中只是陈述他们各自对火星的观点是什么,但是并未说明为什么持各自的观点以及如何得出各自的观点,且也不是第二段的主旨。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第三段“Tday,Mars cntinues t excite humans—nt as the bject f science fictin but f scientific studies. Space scientists have cllected a wealth f(大量的) infrmatin...”可推断现在的航空科学家们对火星很感兴趣。故选B。
10.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He said,‘It's actually range mre than red and it's als kind f brwn.'”可知,Sam认为火星并不是红色的,而是橘红色甚至带点褐色,故选A。
11.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“ wrld that they are very likely t set ft n within their lifetimes.”可知作者认为人类在接下来的几十年内有可能登上火星。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.unfrgettable adj.难以忘记的 2.sight n.景象;风景;视力 3.intelligent adj.有智力的;聪明的 4.threatening adj.威胁的;恐吓的 5.a wealth f大量的 6.at least至少
7.make prgress取得进步 8.decade n.十年;十年期
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。根据最近发表的一项研究,一项将沙拉种子送入太空的实验给在另一个星球种植食物的未来带来了希望。作者介绍了对种子的研究步骤和这些太空种子的一些特点以及人们对这个项目的一些看法。
12.C 推理判断题。第一段提到,根据最近发表的一项研究,一项将沙拉种子送入太空的实验给在另一个星球种植食物的未来带来了希望。由此可推知,实验结果表明,在太空种植植物的前景是光明的。故选C。
13.B 推理判断题。根据第二段可知,首先这些种子要被带入太空,根据第四段可知,当这些种子在2016年返回地球时,来自英国各地学校的60万名儿童参加了一项由英国航天局资助的实验,种植它们并监测它们的生长,将其与留在地球上的种子的生长进行比较。由此可推知,研究步骤为:将种子送入太空、将它们带回地球、观察它们的生长状态、然后进行比较。故选B。
14.D 细节理解题。第五段提到,结果表明,尽管太空种子生长速度较慢,对老化更敏感,但它们仍然能够存活。由此可知,与地球上的种子不同,送入太空的种子更有可能出现衰老的迹象。故选D。
15.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知Alana Cama说:“火箭科学实验打开了一扇通向太空生物学的窗口,让年轻人走在创造性研究的前沿。”以及最后一段中的This research prject did mre than just missins in the future.可知这个研究项目不仅仅给了我们灵感;它加深了我们对在不寻常环境中种植植物所面临的挑战以及未来长期太空任务中种植粮食的可能性的理解。由此可推知,从Alana Cama的话中,我们能了解到这个项目会激发年轻一代在具有创造性的领域的兴趣。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.vilent adj.强烈的;暴力的 2.mnitr v.监控 3.sensitive adj.敏感的 4.strage n.贮存;存储 将……与……作比较 6.further v.促进;增进
长难句分析
原句 When the seeds returned t Earth in 2016,600,000 children frm schls acrss Britain tk part in an experiment, supprted by the UK Space Agency, t plant them and mnitr their grwth, cmparing it t that f seeds that had remained n Earth.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。When引导的是时间状语从句,主句中过去分词短语supprted by...作后置定语,修饰an experiment,现在分词短语cmparing it...作伴随状语,其中的that引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词seeds。
句意 当这些种子在2016年返回地球时,来自英国各地学校的60万名儿童参加了一项由英国航天局资助的实验,种植它们并监测它们的生长,将其与留在地球上的种子的生长进行比较。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,在探索火星的过程中, 由于机器人本身所限, 它们无法告知人们想知道的一切, 因此最终将会有人类登上火星并对它进行研究。
16.E 根据空前“Over the next 50 years, we are ging t send mre and better rbts t Mars.”在接下来的50年,我们要把更多更好的机器人送上火星,可知, E项“那些机器人会发回更好的图片、地图和天气报告。”承接上文,符合语境,故选E。
17.A 根据空后“it culd take between six mnths and a year t get there.”可能需要六个月到一年的时间才能到达那里,可知, 这里谈的是地球到火星的距离, A项“火星非常遥远。”符合语境,故选A。
18.D 根据空前“Over the next 10 years, we are ging t wrk n building a new spacecraft.”在接下来的10年,我们要建造一艘新的宇宙飞船,可知, D项“用这艘飞船,我们将练习我们去火星所需的技能。”承接上文,符合语境,故选D。
19.G 根据空前“This is imprtant s that we have a place t start frm when we want t visit Mars.”这很重要,这样当我们想要访问火星时,我们有一个地方开始,可知, G项“这也很重要,因为它给了我们远离地球生活的练习。”与上文句式相同,符合语境,故选G。
20.C 根据空前“Wuldn't it be cl t get a pstcard frm smene wh was building a huse n Mars?”收到一个在火星上建房子的人的明信片,不会很酷吗?可知,C项“如果是你发明信片,不会更酷吗?”与上文句式相同,符合语境,故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.eventually adv.最终 2.depending n根据;取决于 3.wrk n努力完成(或改善) 4.cmmander n.负责人;指挥官
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。Snwy从小梦想成为一匹马术场地障碍赛的赛马,但是当她发现障碍物很高的时候,她想要放弃。在妈妈的教导下,她从最基础的练习开始,最终实现了自己的梦想。
21.A 根据文章第一句可知Snwy想成为一匹赛马,所以Snwy每天请求妈妈允许自己跳。
22.A 由语境可知当Snwy长到足够大的时候,妈妈才让她进入竞技场。
23.B 根据下文she started shaking以及I can't jump that high可知,当Snwy看到障碍物很高的时候,她开始颤抖。
24.B 因为不能跳那么高,所以Snwy想离开竞技场。
25.C 根据下文Why nt start jumping ver that?可知,Snwy的妈妈并不期望Snwy从很高的障碍物开始起跳。
26.D 根据上文Snwy害怕高的障碍物以及下文walked t the lg and then managed t jump ver it可知,Snwy鼓起勇气去尝试跃过原木。
27.C 根据空后Yu can't just jump ver lgs可知,Snwy虽然成功了,但是她的妈妈却觉得如果她想成为一匹马术场地障碍赛的赛马的话,她不能只是跃过原木,前后构成了转折关系。
28.B 根据下文but she tried it and fund she culd d it可知,Snwy的妈妈鼓励她尝试跃过低一点的障碍物。
29.A 根据空前的Again可知,Snwy在尝试跃过低障碍物时仍然感到紧张。
30.C Snwy想成为一匹马术场地障碍赛的赛马,所以妈妈让她进行刻苦练习,再根据空前的until finally可知,Snwy最终进入了竞技场。
31.B 根据She jumped ver them easily.可知,经过几周的练习,事情发生了变化。
32.D 根据She jumped ver them easily.可知,这些障碍物对Snwy来说不那么可怕了。
33.A 根据Snwy发生的变化以及下文妈妈所说的话可知,妈妈为Snwy感到骄傲。
34.C 根据最后一段中的but start small and keep trying可知,只要我们从小事开始做起,并不断尝试,最后就会发生让我们意想不到的事情。
35.D 文中的Snwy曾被困难吓到,认为自己不可能跃过高的障碍物,所以我们不要被困难吓到。
【高频词汇】 1.manage t d sth.设法做成某事 2.g n流逝;过去;发生;开始运行;上场 3.prgress t sth.接着做(另一件事) 4.curage n.勇气 5.patience n.耐心 6.uncertainty n.拿不定的事;令人无把握的局面;犹豫
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。中国首次火星探测任务被命名为“天问系列”。文章简要介绍了中国航天事业的发展以及为什么取名“天问”。
36.its 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:大约50年前,中国成功地发射了它的第一颗人造地球卫星——东方红一号,开启了太空探索的新篇章。此处作定语,应使用形容词性物主代词,故填its。
37.T mark 考查动词不定式。句意:为了纪念它的50周年,中国国家航天局于4月24日宣布了中国首次火星探测任务的名字。根据句意可知,此处表示目的,应使用不定式作状语。故填T mark。
38.wh 考查定语从句。句意:任务名为“天问”源于一位著名诗人屈原,他写了长诗《天问》。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Qu Yuan,关系词在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词wh。
39.has been making 考查时态及主谓一致。句意:中国在太空探索方面已经取得了显著进展。根据下文介绍及常识可知,此处表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,或者可能仍然要继续下去,应使用现在完成进行时,主语是China,助动词使用has。故填has been making。
40.independently 考查副词。句意:早在1970年,中国就发射了它的第一颗人造地球卫星,成为世界上第五个独立发射人造卫星的国家。此处修饰动词launch,应使用副词。故填independently。
41.designed 考查过去分词。句意:在过去的几年里,中国的任务,包括神舟和嫦娥等探索外太空系列工程,扩大了人类对地球和宇宙的了解。该句中已有谓语动词,所以此处应用非谓语动词,the Shenzhu and Chang'e series与design之间为被动关系,故填过去分词designed。
42.the 考查冠词。句意:这一次,天问系列将在2020年执行首次火星探测任务。此处特指“天问系列”,应使用定冠词the。
43.representing 考查现在分词。句意:专家认为这是中国探索火星的开始,代表着中国走向深空的一个里程碑。represent与it是主动关系,应使用现在分词,故填representing。
44.with 考查介词。句意:事实上,由于这个名字深深植根于中国传统文化,它已经被公众广泛接受。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+介词短语”,在句中作状语。故填with。
45.determinatin 考查名词。句意:天问展现了中国人民迈向更远深空的决心和毅力。此处与and后的perseverance是并列成分,应使用名词。故填determinatin。
【高频词汇】 1.launch v.发射;把(航天器、武器等)发射上天
2.explratin n.探索;勘探;探究 3.a series f...一系列……
4.pursuit n.追求 5.demnstrate v.展现;表现;证明
长难句分析
原句 In the pem, Qu raised a series f questins cncerning the sky, stars, natural phenmena, myths and the real wrld, reflecting his dubts abut traditinal ideas and his pursuit f truth.
分析 该句是一个简单句。句中cncerning为介词,意为“关于”,cncerning the 为介词短语作后置定语,修饰questins,reflecting...为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
句意 在这首诗中,屈原就苍穹星辰等自然现象,到神话传说乃至现实世界提出了一系列问题,反映了他对传统观念的怀疑和对真理的追求。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One pssible versin:
Outer space explratins, yes r n?
We had an argument ver whether it is necessary t carry ut uter space explratins at a class meeting the ther day.
Sme f us feel it imprtant t research uter space. Firstly, peple can get a better understanding f uter space thrugh space explratins. Secndly, these explratins can pssibly bring new living space fr humans.
Hwever, thers think very differently. They think this kind f explratin is much t cstly. Besides, it is very dangerus fr astrnauts t d such wrk.
In my pinin, peple shuld be pineering and therefre such explratins f uter space are wrth trying ut.
第二节
写作指导
1.语篇内容解读
①主题语境:人与自然——宇宙探索 语篇类型:说明文
②文章内容:
本文主要介绍人类去月球和其他星球的探索旅行。迄今为止,人类对月球、火星、金星等进行了探索,科学家们认为人类会找到和地球状况相同的星球,但同时人类也应该爱护我们的地球。
2.文章脉络分析
写作建议
写作时考生须分清文本中的主要事实和细节,即寻找关键词和主题句,准确理解、分析原文要点,归纳段落大意。各要点的表达既要相对独立又要有适当的衔接,要用适当的衔接词贯通全文。行文尽量同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。此外还应注意多使用概括性词语,少用具体描述性词语。
One pssible versin:
The visit t the mn is the first step tward future explratin in space. Man will travel farther distances t explre ther planets.(要点1)Mars has already been explred, but it is nt certain whether there is life n the planet.(要点2) Venus is s ht with an extremely dense atmsphere and great pressure that it is almst certain that there is n life there.(要点3) Scientists believe man may find the same planets as the earth and that man shuld lve the earth.(要点4)
一些同学赞同
一些同学反对
你的观点
1.获得新知识;
2.给人类带来更大的生存空间。
1.耗资巨大;
2.宇航员的安全问题。
……
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.B
5.C
6.B
7.D
8.C
9.B
10.A
11.D
12.C
13.B
14.D
15.C
16.E
17.A
18.D
19.G
20.C
21.A
22.A
23.B
24.B
25.C
26.D
27.C
28.B
29.A
30.C
31.B
32.D
33.A
34.C
35.D
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A gd bk abut space can inspire an interest in explring the universe. If yu're hping fr a hliday gift fr yur kids, yu're in the right place.
Margaret and the Mn
Age range: 4—8
In Margaret and the Mn, Dean Rbbins utlines the pineering sftware engineer's life, frm the backyard f her childhd hme, where she put frward a millin questins abut the night sky, t the hallways f NASA, where she led a team frm MIT t develp the nbard flight sftware that wuld land the first men n the mn.
I am Neil Armstrng
Age range: All ages
In I am Neil Armstrng, the bestselling(畅销的) authr Brad Meltzer shws kids hw Neil Armstrng made it all the way t the mn. Meltzer begins the stry with yung Armstrng trying t climb t the tp f a silver maple tree after falling and getting back up. He cntinued this spirit thrughut his career(职业).
Lk Inside Space
Age range: 3 and up
Fr parents f yung kids, Usbrne's prizewinning Lk Inside Space is a must t share the histry and technlgy f space explratin with starry-eyed kids. It explres the histry f human space flight and the basics f stars and planets. It's enjyable t all space fans, but is especially gd fr pre-schl and kindergarten-age kids.
Max Ges t the Space Statin
Age range: All ages
Jeffrey Bennett's tale abut a dg called Max and his adventures t the Internatinal Space Statin isn't nly an accurate lk at what life in space is like. The bk was actually sent int space and jined the statin's library in 2014 as part f the Stry Time frm Space prject. It enables readers t learn all srts f fun facts abut space.
1.What's the text mainly intended t intrduce?
A.Hw t find hliday gifts fr yur kids.
B.Sme kids' space bks fr the hlidays.
C.Hw t inspire kids' interest in the universe.
D.Sme bks abut the theries f the universe.
2.Which bk can inspire a sense f determinatin in readers?
A.Max Ges t the Space Statin.
B.Margaret and the Mn.
C.I am Neil Armstrng.
D.Lk Inside Space.
3.In which aspect is Max Ges t the Space Statin different frm the ther three bks?
A.It has experienced space travel.
B.It is suitable fr kids f all ages.
C.It is a bigraphy (传记)f an astrnaut.
D.It has wn a prize as a bestseller.
B
Edmnd Halley was an English scientist. He studied the bservatins f cmets(彗星)which ther scientists had made. The rbit(轨道) f ne particular cmet was a very difficult mathematical prblem. He culd nt figure it ut. Neither culd ther scientists wh dealt with such prblems.
Hwever, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newtn, wh was a brilliant mathematician. Newtn thught he had already wrked ut that prblem, but he culd nt find the papers n which he had dne it. He tld Halley that the rbit f a cmet had the shape f an ellipse(椭圆形).
Then Halley set t wrk. He figured ut the rbits f sme f the cmets that had been bserved by scientists. He made a surprising discvery. The cmets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same rbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 r 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange t Halley. Three different cmets fllwed the same rbit. The mre Halley thught abut it, the mre he thught that there had nt been three different cmets as peple thught. He decided that they had simply seen the same cmet three times. The cmet had gne away and had cme back again.
It was an astnishing idea! Halley felt certain thugh(然而) t make a predictin(预言) f what wuld happen in the future. He predicted that this wuld appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years t g befre Halley's predictin culd be tested. In 1758 the cmet appeared in the sky. Halley did nt see it, fr he had died sme years befre. Ever since then that cmet has been called Halley's cmet, in his hnur.
4.Edmnd Halley figured ut the rbit f .
A.sme different cmets appearing several times
B.the same cmet appearing at different times
C.three different cmets appearing at the same time
D.several cmets appearing at the same time
5.Halley made his discvery .
A.by ding experiments
B.by means f his wn careful bservatin
C.by using the wrk f ther scientists
D.by chance
6.When did Halley make a surprising, but crrect predictin?
A.In 1704. B.In 1705.
C.In 1706. D.In 1707.
7.This passage in general is abut .
A.Halley and ther scientists
B.the rbit f a cmet
C.Newtn and Halley
D.Halley and his discvery
C
Of all the planets, nne has captured(引起) the wrld's imaginatin like Mars. Its reddish(微红的) clur and changes in brightness ver time make the planet an unfrgettable sight.
In Csms:A SpaceTime Odyssey, a televisin series frm the 1980s, scientist Carl Sagan talked abut sme traditinal ideas abut Mars. Sme f these ideas are frm the English science fictin writer H. G. Wells' The War f the Wrlds. Others are frm the mistaken science f Percival Lwell, an American astrnmer wh believed intelligent beings lived n Mars. Wells described Martians as threatening. Lwell imagined them as the hpeful engineers f great wrks. Carl Sagan said that bth ideas influenced the public deeply.
Tday, Mars cntinues t excite humans—nt as the bject f science fictin but f scientific studies. Space scientists have cllected a wealth f(大量的) infrmatin frm spacecrafts that have rbited, landed n and dug int the Martian surface.
The Smithsnian's “Mars Day” ffered a chance fr peple f all ages t tuch Mars, r at least a piece f it. Allisn and Alycia frm Silver Spring, Maryland,brught their children, Grace, Sam, Ryan and Emma. They heard abut Mars and its gelgy(地质) frm experts. They culd see a test versin f the Viking landers that reached Mars in July f 1976. They als saw meterites(陨石) knwn t have cme frm the red, r reddish planet. Eight-year-ld Sam learned that the ancient descriptin f Mars as red is nt exactly right. He said,“It's actually range mre than red and it's als kind f brwn.” Emma was six. She learned abut the vlcanic(火山引起的) activity that has shaped the surface f Mars. She said,“The clsest thing t Mars—the stuff—is frm vlcanes mstly.”
“Mars Day” ffered Allisn and Alycia's children a chance t learn mre abut a wrld that they are very likely t set ft n within their lifetimes.
8.What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A.Why Martians were cnsidered threatening.
B.Why Mars has captured the wrld's imaginatin.
C.What peple generally thught f Mars in the past.
D.Hw H. G.Wells gt the idea fr his science fictin.
9.It is implied in Paragraph 3 that .
A.tday's space scientists still knw nthing abut Mars
B.tday's space scientists are very interested in Mars
C.science fictin films are n lnger set in Mars
D.space scientists haven't made any prgress in knwing Mars
10.What wuld Sam prbably agree?
A.Mars is nt really red.
B.N meterites have cme frm Mars.
C.Mars cannt be described as a little brwn.
D.The ancient descriptin f the clr f Mars is true.
11.What is the writer's attitude twards the idea that humans will set ft n Mars?
A.He thinks it may happen this year.
B.He thinks it will always remain a dream.
C.He thinks it will cme true within hundreds f years.
D.He thinks it may happen in the fllwing decades.
D
An experiment which saw salad seeds sent int space has given hpe fr the future f grwing fd n anther planet, accrding t a recently-published study.
The findings have appeared after tw kilgrams f seeds spent six mnths n bard the Internatinal Space Statin(ISS) with the astrnaut, Tim Peake, as part f his Principia missin.
There, the seeds culd have absrbed up t 100 times mre radiatin(辐射)than n Earth while being influenced by the vilent shaking frm the stresses f space travel.
When the seeds returned t Earth in 2016,600,000 children frm schls acrss Britain tk part in an experiment, supprted by the UK Space Agency, t plant them and mnitr their grwth, cmparing it t that f seeds that had remained n Earth.
The results shwed that, while the space seeds grew mre slwly and were mre sensitive t ageing, they were still able t survive.
Peake said, “When humans travel t Mars, they will need t find ways t feed themselves, and this research helps us understand sme f the bilgy f seed strage and germinatin(发芽) which will be imprtant fr future space missins.”
The Ryal Hrticultural Sciety(RHS) tasked 8,600 schls and grups acrss Britain with taking part in the cntrlled study and recrding their results as a scientist wuld.
It was part f a prject called Rcket Science, led by the RHS Campaign fr Schl Gardening, in partnership with the UK Space Agency.
RHS manager Alana Cama said, “The Rcket Science experiment pened a windw int space bilgy and allwed yung peple t be at the frefrnt f creative research.”
“This research prject did mre than just inspire;it furthered ur understanding f the challenges arund grwing plants in unusual envirnments and the pssibility f grwing fd n lng-term space missins in the future. Inspiring a new generatin f btanists and bilgists will remain ur gal t enrich everyne's lives thrugh plants.”
12.What d the findings f the experiment indicate?
A.Salad seeds sent int space turned ut t be a failure.
B.Astrnauts successfully grew salad seeds n Mars.
C.The future f grwing plants in space lks bright.
D.The radiatin makes it impssible fr plants t survive.
13.Which wrd can be filled in the blank t cmplete the research steps?
carry the seeds
int space→bring them
back t Earth→ the
grwing state→make
cmparisns
A.Update. B.Observe.
C.Prtect. D.Imprve.
14.Unlike thse n Earth, the seeds sent int space .
A.can grw 100 times larger in size
B.prvide enugh fd fr astrnauts
C.stp grwing when returning t Earth
D.are mre likely t shw signs f ageing
15.What can we learn frm what Alana Cama said?
A.Grwing plants in unusual envirnments is n lnger a challenging task.
B.A new generatin f btanists and bilgists takes the lead in the research.
C.The prject inspires the interests f the yung generatin in creative fields.
D.The explratin f grwing fd in space is the central missin in the future.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Over the next 50 years, we are ging t send mre and better rbts t Mars. 16 There is a limit t what rbts can tell us, thugh, s eventually we will have t send peple t study the planet.
Befre peple can visit Mars, we need t invent a spaceship that can take us there. 17 Depending n where Mars and Earth are in their rbits arund the sun, it culd take between six mnths and a year t get there.
The mn is much clser, and we were there many years ag. Over the next 10 years, we are ging t wrk n building a new spacecraft. 18
Once we return t the mn, we are ging t build a statin s that peple can live and wrk n the mn fr mnths at a time. This is imprtant s that we have a place t start frm when we want t visit Mars. 19
By the time yu are ld enugh t be an astrnaut, we will have peple spending mnths n the mn. By the time yu are ld enugh t be a cmmander f a space missin, we will be taking trips t Mars. By the time yur kids are ld enugh t be astrnauts, we may have peple living n Mars. Wuldn't it be cl t get a pstcard frm smene wh was building a huse n Mars? 20
A.Mars is very faraway.
B.Peple will g t live n Mars ne day.
C.Wuldn't it be cler if it was yu wh sent the pstcard?
D.Using this craft, we will practice the skills we need t g t Mars.
E.Thse rbts will send back better pictures, maps, and weather reprts.
F.It wuld be pssible fr us t g t Mars in a spacecraft in the near future.
G.This is als imprtant because it gives us practice with living away frm Earth.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Snwy wanted t be a shw jumping hrse. Every day she wuld 21 her mum t allw her t jump. Finally, her mum decided she was 22 enugh and they went int the jumping arena(竞技场).
Snwy was very excited, but when she saw hw 23 the jumps were, she started shaking. “I can't jump that high. It's a gd idea that we 24 ,” she said. Her mum said, “I wuldn't expect yu t 25 that high. There's a lg (原木) n the grund. Why nt start jumping ver that?” Snwy gathered(积聚) her 26 , walked t the lg and then managed t jump ver it.
“I did it!” she shuted happily. 27 , her mum said, “Yu can't just jump ver lgs if yu want t be a shw jumper. 28 the lw jump ver there.”
Again, Snwy was 29 but she tried it and fund she culd d it. As time went n, Snwy prgressed t taller jumps, until finally she 30 the arena and lked at the tallest jumps.Over the past few weeks, smething had 31 . These jumps seemed much less 32 t Snwy. She jumped ver them easily. Her mum lked with 33 at her and said, “This is what happens when yu start 34 and build yur way up.”
S never be afraid f 35 in life, but start small and keep trying. Then yu'll be able t d anything.
B.warn C.frce D.advise
B.fat C.clever D.careful
B.high C.lng D.far
B.leave C.stay D.settle
B.stp C.start D.arrive
B.pwer C.dubt D.curage
B.Immediately
C.Hwever D.Besides
B.Try
C.Carry D.Study
B.happy C.upset D.serius
B.liked C.entered D.needed
B.changed
C.begun D.cntinued
B.imprtant
C.familiar D.terrible
B.anger
C.patience D.kindness
B.yung
C.small D.smart
35.A failures B.wrries
C.uncertainties D.difficulties
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Abut fifty years ag, China successfully launched 36 (it) first satellite, Dng Fang Hng 1, and started a new chapter in space explratin. 37 (mark) its 50th anniversary, China Natinal Space Administratin annunced the name f the cuntry's first Mars explratin missin n April 24.
The missin, Tianwen, gt its name frm a famus pet, Qu Yuan, 38 wrte the lng pem Tianwen. In the pem, Qu raised a series f questins cncerning the sky, stars, natural phenmena, myths and the real wrld, reflecting his dubts abut traditinal ideas and his pursuit f truths.
China 39 (make) remarkable prgress in space explratin. As early as 1970, China launched its first satellite, becming the fifth cuntry in the wrld t launch man-made satellites 40 (independent). Over the past few years, China's missins, including the Shenzhu and Chang'e series 41 (design) t explre uter space, expanded mankind's understanding f Earth and the universe.
This time, 42 Tianwen series will carry ut the first Mars explratin missin in 2020.
Experts cnsider it the start f China's explratin f Mars, 43 (represent) a milestne fr China's mve tward deep space.
Indeed, 44 the name's deep rts in Chinese traditinal culture, it has been widely accepted amng the public. Tianwen demnstrates the 45 (determine) and perseverance (坚持不懈) f Chinese peple t mve further int deep space.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华。你班最近一次班会的主题是“太空探索的意义”。请你结合下表内容,用英语给《21世纪学生报》的“Vice Yur Opinin”栏目投一篇稿,介绍你们讨论的情况并发表你的观点。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The jurney t the mn has been the first step tward future explratin in space. The distance between the mn and the earth is very shrt indeed when cmpared with the distances between the earth and the ther planets. Mars, ne f the nearest planets t the earth, is millins f miles away. Travelling t the planets will be man's next aim. Such travels will be mre challenging than the trip t the mn and certainly mre adventurus.
Recently, tw American spaceships, Viking 1 and Viking 2, landed n Mars, trying t discver whether there is any life n the planet. S far the sign f life n Mars has neither been cnfirmed nr been ruled ut(排除).
Russians have discvered that the surface f Venus(金星)is s ht that it is almst certain that there is n life there. Als the atmsphere f Venus is extremely dense and the pressure is nearly a hundred times greater than that f the earth's atmsphere.
Scientists believe man may find planets which have the same cnditins as thse we have n the earth, but they als say man shuld realize the earth will be the nly hme fr a lng time and begin t lve and care abut it.
答案全解全析
单元达标检测
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书籍。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段“A gd bk abut hliday gift fr yur kids, yu're in the right place.”可知,本文介绍四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书籍,故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据I am Neil Armstrng部分中的“Meltzer begins the stry with yung Armstrng trying t climb t the tp f a silver maple tree after falling and getting back up. He cntinued this spirit thrughut his career(职业).”可知,I am Neil Armstrng这本书展示了主人公的坚定意志,可以激发读者的决心,故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据Max Ges t the Space Statin部分中的“The bk was actually sent int space and jined the statin's library in 2014 as part f the Stry Time frm Space prject.”可知,这本书的与众不同之处在于,它经历过太空飞行,故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.inspire v.激励;鼓舞;赋予灵感 2.put frward 提出 3.must n.必须做(或看、买等)的事 4.accurate adj.准确的 5.enable v.使能够 6.all srts f各种各样的
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了哈雷以及他是如何发现哈雷彗星的。
4.B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“He decided that they had simply seen the same cmet three times.”及上文提到的看到彗星的时间分别是1531年、1607年和1682年可知,B项正确。
5.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“He studied the bservatins f cmets(彗星) which ther scientists had made.”以及第三段中的“He figured ut the scientists.”可知,哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家们的观测结果时得出来的。故选C项。
6.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He predicted that this wuld appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years t g befre Halley's predictin culd be tested.”可知,哈雷预测彗星会在1758年出现,而这需要过53年才能得到验证,即1758-53=1705,故选B项。
7.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了科学家哈雷及他是如何发现哈雷彗星的。故选D项。
【高频词汇】 1.particular adj.特指的;专指的 2.figure ut计算出 3.brilliant adj.聪明的 4.wrk ut计算出 5.in sb.'s hnur为向某人表示敬意
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。在“火星日”,人们可以对火星有更好的认识和了解。
8.C 主旨大意题。第二段介绍了Carl Sagan谈论的关于火星的一些传统的观点,这些观点中的一些来自Wells,其他来自Lwell,由此可知,这一段主要讲过去人们对火星的一些传统认识,故选C。本题要注意A项和D项的排除,第二段中只是陈述他们各自对火星的观点是什么,但是并未说明为什么持各自的观点以及如何得出各自的观点,且也不是第二段的主旨。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第三段“Tday,Mars cntinues t excite humans—nt as the bject f science fictin but f scientific studies. Space scientists have cllected a wealth f(大量的) infrmatin...”可推断现在的航空科学家们对火星很感兴趣。故选B。
10.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He said,‘It's actually range mre than red and it's als kind f brwn.'”可知,Sam认为火星并不是红色的,而是橘红色甚至带点褐色,故选A。
11.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“ wrld that they are very likely t set ft n within their lifetimes.”可知作者认为人类在接下来的几十年内有可能登上火星。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.unfrgettable adj.难以忘记的 2.sight n.景象;风景;视力 3.intelligent adj.有智力的;聪明的 4.threatening adj.威胁的;恐吓的 5.a wealth f大量的 6.at least至少
7.make prgress取得进步 8.decade n.十年;十年期
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。根据最近发表的一项研究,一项将沙拉种子送入太空的实验给在另一个星球种植食物的未来带来了希望。作者介绍了对种子的研究步骤和这些太空种子的一些特点以及人们对这个项目的一些看法。
12.C 推理判断题。第一段提到,根据最近发表的一项研究,一项将沙拉种子送入太空的实验给在另一个星球种植食物的未来带来了希望。由此可推知,实验结果表明,在太空种植植物的前景是光明的。故选C。
13.B 推理判断题。根据第二段可知,首先这些种子要被带入太空,根据第四段可知,当这些种子在2016年返回地球时,来自英国各地学校的60万名儿童参加了一项由英国航天局资助的实验,种植它们并监测它们的生长,将其与留在地球上的种子的生长进行比较。由此可推知,研究步骤为:将种子送入太空、将它们带回地球、观察它们的生长状态、然后进行比较。故选B。
14.D 细节理解题。第五段提到,结果表明,尽管太空种子生长速度较慢,对老化更敏感,但它们仍然能够存活。由此可知,与地球上的种子不同,送入太空的种子更有可能出现衰老的迹象。故选D。
15.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知Alana Cama说:“火箭科学实验打开了一扇通向太空生物学的窗口,让年轻人走在创造性研究的前沿。”以及最后一段中的This research prject did mre than just missins in the future.可知这个研究项目不仅仅给了我们灵感;它加深了我们对在不寻常环境中种植植物所面临的挑战以及未来长期太空任务中种植粮食的可能性的理解。由此可推知,从Alana Cama的话中,我们能了解到这个项目会激发年轻一代在具有创造性的领域的兴趣。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.vilent adj.强烈的;暴力的 2.mnitr v.监控 3.sensitive adj.敏感的 4.strage n.贮存;存储 将……与……作比较 6.further v.促进;增进
长难句分析
原句 When the seeds returned t Earth in 2016,600,000 children frm schls acrss Britain tk part in an experiment, supprted by the UK Space Agency, t plant them and mnitr their grwth, cmparing it t that f seeds that had remained n Earth.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。When引导的是时间状语从句,主句中过去分词短语supprted by...作后置定语,修饰an experiment,现在分词短语cmparing it...作伴随状语,其中的that引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词seeds。
句意 当这些种子在2016年返回地球时,来自英国各地学校的60万名儿童参加了一项由英国航天局资助的实验,种植它们并监测它们的生长,将其与留在地球上的种子的生长进行比较。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,在探索火星的过程中, 由于机器人本身所限, 它们无法告知人们想知道的一切, 因此最终将会有人类登上火星并对它进行研究。
16.E 根据空前“Over the next 50 years, we are ging t send mre and better rbts t Mars.”在接下来的50年,我们要把更多更好的机器人送上火星,可知, E项“那些机器人会发回更好的图片、地图和天气报告。”承接上文,符合语境,故选E。
17.A 根据空后“it culd take between six mnths and a year t get there.”可能需要六个月到一年的时间才能到达那里,可知, 这里谈的是地球到火星的距离, A项“火星非常遥远。”符合语境,故选A。
18.D 根据空前“Over the next 10 years, we are ging t wrk n building a new spacecraft.”在接下来的10年,我们要建造一艘新的宇宙飞船,可知, D项“用这艘飞船,我们将练习我们去火星所需的技能。”承接上文,符合语境,故选D。
19.G 根据空前“This is imprtant s that we have a place t start frm when we want t visit Mars.”这很重要,这样当我们想要访问火星时,我们有一个地方开始,可知, G项“这也很重要,因为它给了我们远离地球生活的练习。”与上文句式相同,符合语境,故选G。
20.C 根据空前“Wuldn't it be cl t get a pstcard frm smene wh was building a huse n Mars?”收到一个在火星上建房子的人的明信片,不会很酷吗?可知,C项“如果是你发明信片,不会更酷吗?”与上文句式相同,符合语境,故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.eventually adv.最终 2.depending n根据;取决于 3.wrk n努力完成(或改善) 4.cmmander n.负责人;指挥官
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。Snwy从小梦想成为一匹马术场地障碍赛的赛马,但是当她发现障碍物很高的时候,她想要放弃。在妈妈的教导下,她从最基础的练习开始,最终实现了自己的梦想。
21.A 根据文章第一句可知Snwy想成为一匹赛马,所以Snwy每天请求妈妈允许自己跳。
22.A 由语境可知当Snwy长到足够大的时候,妈妈才让她进入竞技场。
23.B 根据下文she started shaking以及I can't jump that high可知,当Snwy看到障碍物很高的时候,她开始颤抖。
24.B 因为不能跳那么高,所以Snwy想离开竞技场。
25.C 根据下文Why nt start jumping ver that?可知,Snwy的妈妈并不期望Snwy从很高的障碍物开始起跳。
26.D 根据上文Snwy害怕高的障碍物以及下文walked t the lg and then managed t jump ver it可知,Snwy鼓起勇气去尝试跃过原木。
27.C 根据空后Yu can't just jump ver lgs可知,Snwy虽然成功了,但是她的妈妈却觉得如果她想成为一匹马术场地障碍赛的赛马的话,她不能只是跃过原木,前后构成了转折关系。
28.B 根据下文but she tried it and fund she culd d it可知,Snwy的妈妈鼓励她尝试跃过低一点的障碍物。
29.A 根据空前的Again可知,Snwy在尝试跃过低障碍物时仍然感到紧张。
30.C Snwy想成为一匹马术场地障碍赛的赛马,所以妈妈让她进行刻苦练习,再根据空前的until finally可知,Snwy最终进入了竞技场。
31.B 根据She jumped ver them easily.可知,经过几周的练习,事情发生了变化。
32.D 根据She jumped ver them easily.可知,这些障碍物对Snwy来说不那么可怕了。
33.A 根据Snwy发生的变化以及下文妈妈所说的话可知,妈妈为Snwy感到骄傲。
34.C 根据最后一段中的but start small and keep trying可知,只要我们从小事开始做起,并不断尝试,最后就会发生让我们意想不到的事情。
35.D 文中的Snwy曾被困难吓到,认为自己不可能跃过高的障碍物,所以我们不要被困难吓到。
【高频词汇】 1.manage t d sth.设法做成某事 2.g n流逝;过去;发生;开始运行;上场 3.prgress t sth.接着做(另一件事) 4.curage n.勇气 5.patience n.耐心 6.uncertainty n.拿不定的事;令人无把握的局面;犹豫
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。中国首次火星探测任务被命名为“天问系列”。文章简要介绍了中国航天事业的发展以及为什么取名“天问”。
36.its 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:大约50年前,中国成功地发射了它的第一颗人造地球卫星——东方红一号,开启了太空探索的新篇章。此处作定语,应使用形容词性物主代词,故填its。
37.T mark 考查动词不定式。句意:为了纪念它的50周年,中国国家航天局于4月24日宣布了中国首次火星探测任务的名字。根据句意可知,此处表示目的,应使用不定式作状语。故填T mark。
38.wh 考查定语从句。句意:任务名为“天问”源于一位著名诗人屈原,他写了长诗《天问》。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Qu Yuan,关系词在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词wh。
39.has been making 考查时态及主谓一致。句意:中国在太空探索方面已经取得了显著进展。根据下文介绍及常识可知,此处表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,或者可能仍然要继续下去,应使用现在完成进行时,主语是China,助动词使用has。故填has been making。
40.independently 考查副词。句意:早在1970年,中国就发射了它的第一颗人造地球卫星,成为世界上第五个独立发射人造卫星的国家。此处修饰动词launch,应使用副词。故填independently。
41.designed 考查过去分词。句意:在过去的几年里,中国的任务,包括神舟和嫦娥等探索外太空系列工程,扩大了人类对地球和宇宙的了解。该句中已有谓语动词,所以此处应用非谓语动词,the Shenzhu and Chang'e series与design之间为被动关系,故填过去分词designed。
42.the 考查冠词。句意:这一次,天问系列将在2020年执行首次火星探测任务。此处特指“天问系列”,应使用定冠词the。
43.representing 考查现在分词。句意:专家认为这是中国探索火星的开始,代表着中国走向深空的一个里程碑。represent与it是主动关系,应使用现在分词,故填representing。
44.with 考查介词。句意:事实上,由于这个名字深深植根于中国传统文化,它已经被公众广泛接受。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+介词短语”,在句中作状语。故填with。
45.determinatin 考查名词。句意:天问展现了中国人民迈向更远深空的决心和毅力。此处与and后的perseverance是并列成分,应使用名词。故填determinatin。
【高频词汇】 1.launch v.发射;把(航天器、武器等)发射上天
2.explratin n.探索;勘探;探究 3.a series f...一系列……
4.pursuit n.追求 5.demnstrate v.展现;表现;证明
长难句分析
原句 In the pem, Qu raised a series f questins cncerning the sky, stars, natural phenmena, myths and the real wrld, reflecting his dubts abut traditinal ideas and his pursuit f truth.
分析 该句是一个简单句。句中cncerning为介词,意为“关于”,cncerning the 为介词短语作后置定语,修饰questins,reflecting...为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
句意 在这首诗中,屈原就苍穹星辰等自然现象,到神话传说乃至现实世界提出了一系列问题,反映了他对传统观念的怀疑和对真理的追求。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One pssible versin:
Outer space explratins, yes r n?
We had an argument ver whether it is necessary t carry ut uter space explratins at a class meeting the ther day.
Sme f us feel it imprtant t research uter space. Firstly, peple can get a better understanding f uter space thrugh space explratins. Secndly, these explratins can pssibly bring new living space fr humans.
Hwever, thers think very differently. They think this kind f explratin is much t cstly. Besides, it is very dangerus fr astrnauts t d such wrk.
In my pinin, peple shuld be pineering and therefre such explratins f uter space are wrth trying ut.
第二节
写作指导
1.语篇内容解读
①主题语境:人与自然——宇宙探索 语篇类型:说明文
②文章内容:
本文主要介绍人类去月球和其他星球的探索旅行。迄今为止,人类对月球、火星、金星等进行了探索,科学家们认为人类会找到和地球状况相同的星球,但同时人类也应该爱护我们的地球。
2.文章脉络分析
写作建议
写作时考生须分清文本中的主要事实和细节,即寻找关键词和主题句,准确理解、分析原文要点,归纳段落大意。各要点的表达既要相对独立又要有适当的衔接,要用适当的衔接词贯通全文。行文尽量同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。此外还应注意多使用概括性词语,少用具体描述性词语。
One pssible versin:
The visit t the mn is the first step tward future explratin in space. Man will travel farther distances t explre ther planets.(要点1)Mars has already been explred, but it is nt certain whether there is life n the planet.(要点2) Venus is s ht with an extremely dense atmsphere and great pressure that it is almst certain that there is n life there.(要点3) Scientists believe man may find the same planets as the earth and that man shuld lve the earth.(要点4)
一些同学赞同
一些同学反对
你的观点
1.获得新知识;
2.给人类带来更大的生存空间。
1.耗资巨大;
2.宇航员的安全问题。
……
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.B
5.C
6.B
7.D
8.C
9.B
10.A
11.D
12.C
13.B
14.D
15.C
16.E
17.A
18.D
19.G
20.C
21.A
22.A
23.B
24.B
25.C
26.D
27.C
28.B
29.A
30.C
31.B
32.D
33.A
34.C
35.D
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