Unit 3　The art of painting Part 2-2022版英语选择性必修第一册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）

Part 2　Grammar and usage &Integrated skills

基础过关练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.Some plants are sensitive to light;they prefer the 　　　(阴凉处). 

2.The workers in the factory often work in poor conditions with low 　　　(工资). 

3.This kind of 　　　(蘑菇) is poisonous though it looks beautiful. 

4.More and more citizens are suggesting ways to preserve the historically important 　　　(建筑风格) in China. 

5.The bridegroom ended his speech by proposing a 　　　(干杯) to the guests. 

6.To our satisfaction, great changes have taken place in Shantou after the 　　　(活动) of building a civilized city.  

7.The police have warned the inhabitants not to 　　　(游泳) in the polluted river. 

8.Vegetables are healthiest when eaten 　　　(生的), as the vitamin is not cooked out of them. 

9.The manager will 　　　(安排) for you to visit the big company next week. 

Ⅱ.选词填空

be determined to;be concerned about;have access to;take measures to;be well known for;regard...as...

1.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, 　　　　　　one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 

2.The scientists 　　　　　　make a breakthrough in the development of the vaccine against COVID-19. 

3.Jason should tell us that he is fine;otherwise, we would 　　　　　　him. 

4.Switzerland 　　　　　　its impressive mountainous scenery. 

5.We should 　　　　　　protect our rivers from being polluted. 

6.Our country has made every effort to make sure everyone can 　　　　　　the good medical facilities. 

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1.Visitors were 　　　　(amaze) at the amazing paintings that the guide showed. 

2.It is 　　　　(disappoint) that he didn't pass the exam. 

3.The situation here is 　　　　(encourage) and we are 　　　　(encourage). 

4.He was 　　　　(worry) about his worrying son. 

5.I'm not 　　　　(satisfy) with his interpretation of this sentence. 

6.Tom never works hard at his lessons, so it's not 　　　　(surprise) to see a disappointed look on his face after the exam. 

7.The music played by the little boy sounds so 　　　　(excite). 

8.Her parents were so 　　　　(please) to get the news that she won the prize. 

9.Tom is really 　　　　(amuse)!Working with him in the same office, I don't think I'll get 　　　　(bore). 

Ⅳ.完成句子

1.放弃他的工作是我们最不希望他做的事情。

　　　 　　　 　　　 　　　was the last thing we expected him to do. 

2.那是一次非常可怕的经历。后来大家都很震惊。

It was a really frightening experience. Afterwards everybody 　　　 　　　 　　　. 

3.目前,网络在我们的生活中起着重要作用,这使得很多人忽视面对面的交流。

At present, the network plays an important part in our

life, 　　　  　 　              　  　 　　 ignore face-to-face communication. 

4.在日常生活中我们应该使自己远离危险。

In our daily life, we should 　　 　 　　 　 　　 　 　 　　danger. 

5.考虑到她缺乏经验,她能成功令人惊讶。

Considering her lack of experience, 　 　　 　　 　 　　 　that she has achieved. 

能力提升练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

(2020福建厦门一中高二开学考试,)

It's common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci's most famous painting seems to look at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong.

A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that's 15.4 degrees off to the observer's right—well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. “In other words,” said the study's author, Horstmann, “she's not looking at you.” This is somewhat ironic(讽刺的), because the entire phenomenon of a person's gaze in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the Mona Lisa effect. “That effect is absolutely real,” Horstmann said. If a person is painted or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person's gaze is not more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.

Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars(人工智能头像)when Horstmann took a long look at the Mona Lisa and realized she wasn't looking at him.

To make sure it wasn't just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the Mona Lisa on a computer screen. They set a ruler between the viewer and the screen and asked the participants to note which number on the ruler intersected(相交) Mona Lisa's gaze. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa's gaze as she looked at the viewer, they moved the ruler farther from or closer to the screen during the study. Consistently, the researchers found, participants judged that the woman in the Mona Lisa portrait was not looking straight at them, but slightly off to their right.

So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn't sure. “It's possible,” he said, “that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term Mona Lisa effect just thought it was a cool name.”

1.It is generally believed that the woman in the painting Mona Lisa　　　. 

A.attracts the viewers' eyes

B.seems mysterious because of her eyes

C.fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers

D.looks at the viewers wherever they stand

2.What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect?

3.The experiment involving 24 people was conducted to 　　　. 

A.confirm Horstmann's belief

B.create artificial-intelligence avatars

C.calculate the angle of Mona Lisa's gaze

D.explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied

4.What can we learn from the passage?

A.Horstmann thought it was cool to coin the term Mona Lisa effect.

B.The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence.

C.Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention.

D.The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers' judgement.

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2021江苏无锡期中,)

The town of Paradise has suffered a fire, which lasted 17 days and caused a loss of $16.5 billion. As a result, the beautifully named place 　1　 its beauty. 

Shane Grammer, the director of Disney's theme parks in Los Angeles, paid close attention to the news of the fire's deadly path. In fact, he felt 　2　 to help when seeing the picture shared by his friend, in which only a white chimney(烟囱) of his house

　3　 after the fire. 

“I've got to 　4　 that chimney,” he said. “I'm not trying to say anything. It's just that I'm an artist. And it was a(n) 　5　for me to express myself and be an artist, wasn't it?” 

Grammer spent three hours spray-painting the image of a woman on the chimney in black and white, which was 　6　 mysterious. Perhaps it served as a(n) 　7　 of the beauty of life or just life itself. 

Then Grammer put its picture on social media. On seeing it, the victims of the fire could not 　8　 themselves. “Beautiful and impressive,” one of them remarked. And another said, “You bring beauty and 　9　.” 

At this time, Grammer became aware that something 　10　 had been transformed by a purely artistic expression. “When the first mural(壁画)moved so many people, I knew I had to 　11　,”he told the journalist. Grammer returned to Paradise eight times in three months, 　12　which he completed 17 murals of victims and other figures. 

Today, Grammer's efforts have 　13　 into a movement. He has also painted murals in dark places around the world that seriously need some light. 

Ironically, the first painting, on the chimney in Paradise, existed for just several months, 　14　the bulldozer(推土机)was a merciless art critic. But Grammer couldn't be more pleased with it, which means the spirit of Paradise is 　15　 again. 

1.A.destroyed　　B.created           C.witnessed　　D.lost

2.A.powerless　　B.enthusiastic   C.urgent　　      D.reluctant

3.A.left　　B.remained          C.disappeared　D.collapsed

4.A.mend　B.rebuild              C.paint　　       D.preserve

5.A.risk　　B.opportunity      C.job　     　    D.duty

6.A.strikingly　　B.originally     C.deliberately　　D.accidentally

7.A.label　　B.object           C.content　　D.reminder

8.A.support　B.contain         C.help　    　D.release

9.A.hope　　B.mystery             C.entertainment　　D.diversity

10.A.brighter　　B.higher         C.bigger　　D.deeper

11.A.take back　　B.come back      C.bring back　　D.hold back

12.A.to　　B.from         C.of　　D.during

13.A.broken　　B.looked          C.developed　D.dipped

14.A.since　　  B.while            C.unless　　    D.once

15.A.lasting　　B.rising            C.fading　　   D.accumulating

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2021福建三明一中高二上第二次月考,)

Chinese painting has a history of more than 2,000 years. Chinese painting has three major kinds of subjects, 　1　(include) birds and flowers, persons and sights of the countryside, mountains and rivers. Chinese painting has much to do with the art of fine handwriting 　2　(call) calligraphy. Chinese painters use black ink 　3　(produce) different tones and a brush to make many kinds of lines. Even if they add color, the ink drawing remains the basis 　4　 the design. In judging paintings, the Chinese pay more attention to the brushwork than to 　5　 subject. 

Chinese painting, also known as the traditional national painting, has its unique and 　6　(independence) system in the world's fine arts field. The traditional subjects are persons, sights, flowers and birds. They 　7　(divide) into two different styles. One is Gong bi, or meticulous(细致的)painting. This traditional realistic style features the fine brushwork and close attention to detail. The other is Xie yi, 　8　 characteristics are vivid expression and powerful outlines. The 　9　(form) of painting include wall paintings, screens, albums and fan covers. There 　10　(be) also unique decoration skills for paintings. 

1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 

6.　　　 7.　　　 8.　　　 9.　　　 10.　　　 

Part 2　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills

基础过关练

Ⅰ.1.shade　2.wages　3.mushroom　4.architecture　5.toast

6.campaign　7.bathe　8.raw　9.arrange

Ⅱ.1.is regarded as　2.are/were determined to　3.be concerned about　4.is well known for　5.take measures to　6.have access to

Ⅲ. 1.amazed　考查-ed形式的形容词作表语。句意:游客们对导游展示的令人惊叹的绘画感到惊奇。主语Visitors指人,所以应用形容词amazed作表语。故填amazed。

2.disappointing　考查-ing形式的形容词作表语。句意:令人失望的是他没有通过这次考试。It作形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句,所以应用disappointing作表语。故填disappointing。

3.encouraging;encouraged　考查-ing形式和-ed形式的形容词作表语。句意:这里的形势令人鼓舞,我们受到了鼓舞。situation指物,we指人,所以应分别用encouraging和encouraged作表语。故填encouraging和encouraged。

4.worried　考查-ed形式的形容词作表语。句意:他担心他那令人担忧的儿子。be worried about...为……担心。故填worried。

5.satisfied　考查-ed形式的形容词作表语。句意:他对这个句子的解释,我不满意。be satisfied with...意为“对……感到满意”。故填satisfied。

6.surprising　考查-ing形式的形容词作表语。句意:汤姆在功课上从不用功,所以考试后在他脸上看到失望的表情也就不足为奇了。代词it作形式主语,真正的主语是其后的动词不定式短语,所以应用surprising作表语。故填surprising。

7.exciting　考查-ing形式的形容词作表语。句意:由这个小男孩弹奏的音乐听起来如此令人兴奋。主语The music指物,所以应用形容词exciting作表语。故填exciting。

8.pleased　考查-ed形式的形容词作表语。句意:她父母得知她获奖的消息非常高兴。此处应用pleased作表语,修饰主句主语Her parents。故填pleased。

9.amusing;bored　考查-ing形式和-ed形式的形容词作表语。句意:汤姆真有趣!和他在一间办公室工作,我认为我不会感到无聊。第一空说明主语汤姆的特征,他是“有趣的”,所以用amusing作表语;get bored意为“(人)感到无聊”。故填amusing和bored。

Ⅳ.1.Giving up his job　2.was very shocked　3.which makes many people　4.keep ourselves away from　5.it is surprising

能力提升练

Ⅰ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。人们通常认为无论赏画人站在房间的哪个角落,《蒙娜丽莎》画像中的女性总像是在注视着赏画人。但研究证明,这种认识是错误的。研究人员认为这种感觉的产生有可能是因为人们有被注视的欲望。

1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的It's common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci's most famous painting seems to look at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room.可知,众所周知,无论赏画人站在房间的哪个角落,列奥纳多·达·芬奇最著名的画作(《蒙娜丽莎》)中的女性似乎都在注视着赏画人,故选D项。A项“吸引赏画人的眼睛”;B项“因为她的眼睛而看起来很神秘”;C项“注视着赏画人的后方”。

2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句As long as the angle of the person's gaze is not more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.可知,只要人的视线向两边偏离的角度不超过大约5度,就会产生“蒙娜丽莎效应”,观察选项中夹角图可知选B项。

3.A　推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段首句To make sure it wasn't just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the Mona Lisa on a computer screen.可知,霍斯特曼和他的合著者在研究这种效应在人工智能头像创作中的应用时,霍斯特曼看了很久《蒙娜丽莎》,发现她并没有一直在注视自己。为了确保不仅仅只有他是这样的,研究人员让24个人在电脑屏幕上观看《蒙娜丽莎》的图像。由此可知,对24个人进行的实验是为了证实霍斯特曼的看法,故选 A项。B项“创造人工智能头像”;C项“计算蒙娜丽莎视线的角度”;D项“解释如何运用‘蒙娜丽莎效应'”。

4.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,霍斯特曼认为,可能人们有被注视的欲望,所以他们认为画作中的女性在注视着他们。故选C项。由文章最后一段可知,霍斯特曼认为,第一个创造“蒙娜丽莎效应”这个术语的人只是觉得这是个很酷的名字,与A项(霍斯特曼认为创造“蒙娜丽莎效应”这个术语很酷)内容不符。由第三段可知,霍斯特曼和他的合著者研究“蒙娜丽莎效应”在人工智能头像创作中的应用,与B项(“蒙娜丽莎效应”有助于人工智能的创造)内容不符。由第四段研究过程可知,研究人员在参与者和屏幕之间放了一把尺子,并要求参与者指出尺子上的哪个数字与蒙娜丽莎的目光相交。当蒙娜丽莎注视着参与者时,为了计算蒙娜丽莎视线的角度,他们把尺子向屏幕移远或移近。研究人员发现,参与者一致判断《蒙娜丽莎》画像中的女性并没有直视自己,而是稍微偏向他们右侧,因此D项(尺子在实验中的位置会影响赏画人的判断)叙述与原文不符。

【高频词汇】　1.common knowledge常识　2.turn out证明是;结果是　3.take a look at看一看　4.participant n.参与者    5.consistently adv.一致地;连续地　6.have the desire to do有做……的欲望

Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了火灾之后,艺术家Shane Grammer在天堂镇的废墟上作画,为受难者带来了美好和希望。

1.D　句意:结果,这个拥有美丽的名字的地方失去了(lost)它的美丽。destroy破坏,毁灭;creat创造;witness见证。根据首句The town of Paradise has suffered a fire, which lasted 17 days and caused a loss of $16.5 billion.可知,天堂镇遭受了一场持续17天、造成严重损失的大火,这个地方因大火失去了它原有的美丽,故选D。

2.A　句意:事实上,当看到他的朋友分享的照片,照片中大火过后朋友的房子只剩下(remained)一根白色的烟囱时,他感到无力(powerless)相助。enthusiastic热情的;urgent紧急的,迫切的;reluctant不情愿的。故选A。

3.B　句意见上一题。leave剩下;disappear消失;collapse 倒塌。根据语境可判断出大火过后房子只剩下一根白色的烟囱,remain表示“剩余”,是不及物动词,而leave是及物动词,要用被动语态。故选B。

4.C　根据下文他是一名艺术家的提示,以及下一段首句Grammer spent three hours spray-painting the image of a woman on the chimney in black and white...可知,他在烟囱上涂鸦作画,故选C。mend修理,修补;rebuild重建;preserve 保护。

5.B　句意:这对我来说是一个表达自我、做一名艺术家的机会(opportunity),难道不是吗?risk风险;job工作;duty职责,义务。结合上下文可知,他这样做并未带着任何功利目的,而是把作画作为一次表达自我和追求艺术的机会。opportunity符合语境,而duty强调的是工作上的职责、义务,是必须完成的任务,并不契合此处语境。故选B。

6.A　这里指这个女人的画像充满了引人注目(strikingly)的神秘感。originally最初,本来;deliberately故意地;accidentally 意外地。在仅剩的一根烟囱上作画,这无疑是醒目的,strikingly符合语境。故选A。

7.D　句意:或许它充当生活的美抑或是生活本身的提醒(reminder)。label标签;object目标,物体;content内容,目录。这场大火把小镇上人们的美好生活都毁了,所有的过往都烟消云散,眼前只有废墟。因而这幅画可提醒人们想起生活的美或生活本身,故选D。

8.B　句意:看到这幅画,这场大火的受害者无法抑制(contain)自己的情绪。support支持;help帮助;release释放。作为火灾受害者,这幅画激发了他们内心强烈的情感,contain oneself是固定搭配,表示“抑制自己的情绪”,故选B。

9.A　句意:而另一个人说:“你带来了美好与希望(hope)。” mystery谜题,神秘;entertainment娱乐;diversity差异性。根据倒数第二段最后一句中出现的light一词可知,在被大火侵袭后,这幅废墟上的画让人们看到美好,也看到希望,hope符合语境。

10.D　句意:这时候Grammer意识到一种纯粹的艺术表达方式已经改变了更深刻的(deeper)东西。brighter更明亮的;higher更高的;bigger更大的。根据上下文可知,第一幅壁画产生了巨大的反响,给火灾的受害者带来了希望,已经具有了社会意义,所以此处指更为深刻的东西,故选D。

11.B　句意:他告诉记者:“当第一幅壁画打动了那么多人的时候,我知道我必须回来(come back)。”take back退回,撤销;bring back带回;hold back阻拦,隐瞒。根据下一句中的Grammer returned to Paradise eight times in three months可知,他在三个月里返回了天堂镇八次,后面还提到他进行了大量创作。因此,他是回到天堂镇,故选B。

12.D　句意:……在此期间(during),他完成了17幅受害者和其他人物的壁画。to到,向;from从;of属于……的。分析句子结构可知,　12　 which he completed 17 murals of victims and other figures为非限制性定语从句,先行词是three months,表示时间,应用during which引导定语从句,故选D。 

13.C　句意:今天,Grammer的努力已经发展(developed)成为一种运动。break into强行闯入;look into调查;dip into浏览。下文提到他还在世界各地作画,把这种艺术形式带到世界各地,使之发展成为一种运动,故选C。

14.A　句意:讽刺的是,天堂镇那根烟囱上的第一幅画,仅仅存在了几个月,因为(since)推土机就是一个无情的艺术批评家。while然而,当……时;unless除非;once一旦。分析句子内容可知,前面说明事实“这幅画仅仅存在了几个月”,后面解释原因“被推土机推了”,前后是因果关系,故选A。

15.B　句意:但Grammer对此再高兴不过了,这意味着天堂镇的精神正在重新崛起(rising)。last持续;fade衰退;accumulate积聚。小镇开始重建,说明小镇的精神开始复兴,故选B。

【高频词汇】　1.deadly adj.致命的　2.serve as起……作用;充当……　3.victim n.罹难者;受害者　4.contain vt.抑制,控制;包含　5.aware adj.意识到的　6.transform v.使改变,使转换     7.seriously adv.非常,极其;严重地

Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了具有两千多年历史的中国画。

1.including　考查介词。句意:中国画有三大主题,包括花鸟、人物和乡村风景及山水。结合语境可知,此处使用介词including,意为“包括……在内”,故填including。

2.called　考查非谓语动词。句意:中国画与被称作书法的优美书写艺术有很大关系。被修饰词handwriting与动词call之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填called。

3.to produce　考查非谓语动词。句意:中国画家用黑色的墨汁来生成不同的色调,用毛笔来创作各种线条。use sth. to do sth.意为“使用某物做某事”。故填to produce。

4.of　考查介词。句意:即使他们添加颜色,水墨画仍然是构思的基础。此处表示“构思的基础”,表示所属关系,故填of。

5.the　考查冠词。句意:在鉴赏画时,中国人更注重笔法而不是主题。分析句子结构可知,前面用to the brushwork,所以此处用定冠词the表示特指。

6.independent　考查形容词。句意:中国画,又称传统国画,在世界美术领域有着自己独特而独立的体系。设空处应填形容词作定语,与unique并列,共同修饰名词system,故填independent。

7.are divided　考查主谓一致、时态和语态。句意:它们被分为两种不同的风格。主语They与动词divide之间是被动关系,此处描述一般事实,所以使用一般现在时的被动语态,主语They是复数,故填are divided。

8.whose　考查定语从句。句意:另一种是写意,它的特点是生动的表达和强有力的轮廓。设空处引导定语从句,关系词在从句中作定语,故填关系代词whose。

9.forms　考查名词复数。句意:绘画的形式包括壁画、屏风、画册和扇面。设空处是该句主语,根据谓语动词include可知,此处应使用复数形式,故填forms。

10.are　考查时态和主谓一致。句意:还有针对画作的独特的装饰技巧。此处是There be句型,句子描述一般事实,应使用一般现在时,且主语skills是复数,故填are。

【高频词汇】　1.have much to do with和……有很大关系

2.pay attention to关注……　3.unique adj.独特的;独一无二的

4.divide...into...把……分成……　5.feature vt.以……为特色 n.特点