人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars课堂检测

这是一份人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars课堂检测，共14页。试卷主要包含了Jenny was ill，less　考查比较级，themselves　考查代词，Returning　考查动名词，stars　考查名词的数等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.I gave the dr a sharp (拉) and it pened.
2.All the bys were shuting with jy withut nticing the (到场) f the teacher.
3.On several ccasins this spring, tiny grains f sand (漂浮)in the air acrss parts f nrthern China.
Ⅱ.选词填空
break ut; nw that; blck ut; cheer up; get the hang f; watch ut fr
1. yu have a chance, yu might as well make full use f it.
2.D remember cars while crssing the street.
3.Black cluds can never the sun.
4.Only by practicing time and time again can yu the grammar rules.
5.A big fire in the department stre last night and luckily everyne escaped frm it.
6.Jenny was ill. S I sent her sme flwers t her .
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.As the saying ges, is better than cure; s the diseases frm attacking us is mre imprtant. (prevent)
2.Frm the face f him we culd learn that he had n idea abut the stry. (puzzle)
3. ur parents, ur children clthes made by ur wn hands; instead they prefer fashin. (like)
4.She held the bird (gentle) in the palm f her hand and dared nt make a nise in rder nt t get it frightened.
5.There a prblem in the dining halls f sme schls that many students ignre the f wasting fd.(exist)
Ⅳ.单句改错
1.There were many fish flated in the river because f the serius pllutin.

2.This desn't matter whether she will cme r nt.

3.Abut 11 millin peple have mved t this city, and the ppulatin is twice as larger as ten years ag.

4.The heavy rain made that impssible fr us t arrive n time.

5.That was mst imprtant t her, she tld me, was her family.

6.When she was asked abut her dream, Mary wished t visit Mars by the spaceship the next century.

Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Last mnth, Li Yanping and the authr visited the mn by spaceship. During their jurney t the mn, the frce f gravity changed three times, the first ne f 1 was the mst pwerful.
As the rcket rse int the air, the pull f the earth's gravity was s hard that they 2 (push) back int their seats and culdn't say anything t each ther. 3 (gradual) the weight lessened and they were t far frm the earth 4 (feel) its pull. That was 5 the spaceship didn't fall back t the earth.
When they gt clser t the mn, they felt its gravity pulling them, 6 it wasn't as strng as the earth's. When they landed n the mn, their weight was 7 (little) than n the earth and the authr was carried twice as far as n the earth and fell ver. Hwever, they began t enjy 8 (they) n the mn after a while.
9 (return) t the earth was very frightening. They were amazed as fire brke ut n the utside f the spaceship as the earth's gravity increased. They hped they wuld visit sme 10 (star) the next time.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2021黑龙江省实验中学高二上期末,)
A little ver a year ag n Jan 3, 2019, China's Chang'e-4 prbe did smething that had never been dne befre—landing n the mn's far side. Ever since then, the rver it carried—Yutu 2—has been sending back pictures f the lesser-seen side f ur neighbring satellite.
Nw, the rver has shifted its sight frm the hrizntal t the vertical. In a paper published in the jurnal Science Advances n Feb 26, Chinese scientists revealed the undergrund structure f the Vn Karman crater—the area where Yutu 2 tuched dwn. Using grund penetrating radar(探地雷达), Yutu 2 was able t detect three distinct layers in the 40 meters beneath the flr f the crater, which Science News cmpared t “layers f a cake”.
The tp 12-meter layer is made up f fine dust and sil—a bit like the frsting n a cake. The secnd layer, stretching anther 12 meters belw, cntains a great number f large stnes that are like “cherries in a fruitcake”, wrte Science News. And the next layer—which runs frm 24 meters dwn t 40 meters—is a mixture f bth large and fine materials, just like the whlewheat bread base f a cake.
This “layered cake” prvides us with a glimpse int the mn's fur billin-year histry—and it is likely t be a vilent ne.
Accrding t the study's leader, Su Yan, based at the Chinese Academy f Sciences, the rcks in the layers are pssibly leftver debris(碎片) frm past impacts(撞击), suggesting asterid cllisins. The finer sil is the sign f smaller meterite cllisins, breaking dwn the rcks int smaller pieces, which were then gradually degraded by the radiatin frm the sun.
But quite unlike a cake, the mn flr desn't just stp at the third layer. Instead, it stretches miles deeper. The reasn why Yutu 2's data stpped at 40 meters was that it reached its maximum range. It may seem like a pity that it can't g any farther fr nw, but the truth is that the technlgy has imprved a lt since it was first used in 1972 by America's Apll 17 rbiter t map the structure f the mn.
“The previus measurements indicated different layers, but they dn't seem t have cme up t the level f details abut the physical prperties(性质) f the subsurface that Chang'e-4 is prducing,” Gretchen Benedix, a planetary scientist at Curtin University, Australia, tld ABC News.
Frty meters dwn is just the beginning f ur research int the mn's far side. With the aid f new technlgy, wh knws what we culd discver if we delved even deeper?
1.What des Paragraph 2 suggest?
A.The rver detected the atmsphere f the mn.
B.The rver has left the far side f the mn.
C.The rver discvered the Vn Karman crater with its radar.
D.The rver detected the undergrund structure f a crater.
2.What des the secnd layer f the crater cntain?
A.Fine dust.
B.Sil.
C.Large stnes.
D.Large and fine materials.
3.What des Paragraph 5 tell us?
A.Hw imprtant the three layers are t the crater.
B.Why the mn prbably has a vilent histry.
C.Hw asterids changed the mn's surface.
D.Why meterite cllisins happen frequently.
4.What des Gretchen Benedix prbably think f the measurements f Chang'e-4?
A.They lack details.
B.They are beynd expectatins.
C.They repeat the previus study.
D.They are praisewrthy.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2021山东济南高一上期末,)
Mdern rbts are imprtant t space explratin and are being used in a different way fr several imprtant reasns.
1 Aside frm the earth, just abut every surface in the slar system is unsafe fr humans t explre. The air n mst ther planets is thin fr humans, making it necessary t wear a spacesuit and xygen equipment. The temperatures n these surfaces are much t ht r much t cld fr any human. Plus, there wuld be radiatin, bad weather, and a lack f gravity. 2 They can survive much lnger under these cnditins.
Rbts are designed fr cllecting scientific data. 3 Imprtant scientific prjects frm detecting minerals, analyzing grund samples, t finding water are all perfrmed much quicker and mre accurately by rbts.
The use f rbts has made the cst f space explratin much less expensive than it wuld cst fr humans t d the wrk. In rder t successfully send humans int space, we wuld need t build a vehicle that can carry nt nly humans, but als enugh fd and water t keep them alive fr the duratin f the trip. Mrever, rbts have n prblem wrking fr hurs n end. 4 Rbts dn't require fd r water and they never need a bathrm break.
Over the past 30 years r s, there have been many different types f rbts used successfully in the explratin f space. 5 They have bth been successful in experiments n sil and rcks and have even fund evidence f water in Mars's histry.
A.Rbts never cmplain.
B.Rbts make great explrers.
C.This is because it is mving arund the earth.
D.Rbts have much less limitatin in these areas.
E.Perhaps the mst famus are Spirit and Opprtunity.
F.They can prcess infrmatin much mre efficiently.
G.There are sme rbts which are used t put the satellite back.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.读后续写
(2019浙江杭州西湖高级中学5月月考,)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A funny thing happened t Arthur when he was n the way t wrk ne day. As he walked alng Park Avenue near the First Natinal Bank, he heard the sund f smene trying t start a car. He tried again and again but culdn't get the car mving. Arthur turned and lked inside at the face f a yung man wh lked wrried. Arthur stpped and said, “It lks like yu have gt a prblem.”
“I am afraid s. I am in a big hurry and I can't start my car.”
“Is there anything I can d t help?” Arthur asked. The yung man lked at the tw suitcases in the back seat and then said, “Thanks. If yu are sure it wuldn't be t much truble, yu culd help me get these tw suitcases int a taxi.”
“N truble at all. I'd be glad t help.”
The yung man gt ut and tk ne f the suitcases frm the back seat. After placing it n the grund, he turned t get the ther ne. Just as Arthur picked up the first suitcase and started walking, he heard the lud lng nise f an alarm.
It was frm the bank. There had been a rbbery.
Park Avenue had been quiet a mment ag. Nw the air was filled with the sund f the alarm and the shuts f peple running frm all directins. Cars stpped and the passengers jined the crwd in frnt f the bank. Peple asked each ther, “What happened?” But everyne had a different answer.
Arthur, still carrying the suitcase, turned t lk at the bank and walked right int the yung wman in frnt f him.
She lked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised. “Why is she lking at me like that?” he thught. “The suitcase! She thinks I am the bank thief!”
Arthur lked arund at the crwd f peple. He became frightened, and withut anther thught, he started t run.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
As he was running, Arthur heard the yung man shuting behind, “Stp, stp!”



Paragraph 2:
The taxi stpped in frnt f the plice statin and Arthur jumped ff with the suitcase, running t the plice ffice.



答案全解全析
Part 3 Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ 2.presence 3.flated
Ⅱ that 2.t watch ut fr 3.blck ut 4.get the hang f 5.brke ut 6.cheer;up
Ⅲ;preventing 句意:俗话说“预防优于治疗”,因此防止疾病对我们的入侵更为重要。第一个空在前一分句中作主语,表示“预防”,应用名词;第二个空在后一分句中也作主语,分析句子可知,此处是 ding sth.,故用动名词形式。
2.puzzled;puzzling 句意:从他的迷惑不解的表情我们可以看出,他对这个令人费解的故事一无所知。第一个空修饰人,应用-ed形式的形容词,意为“迷惑不解的”,第二个空修饰物,应用-ing形式的形容词,意为“令人费解的”。
3.Unlike;dislike 句意:与我们的父母不一样,我们的孩子不喜欢我们自己手做的衣服,相反,他们更喜欢时尚。unlike与……不一样;dislike不喜欢。
4.gently 句意:她把那只鸟温柔地捧在手心里,不敢发出声音,以免吓到它。修饰动词held,应用副词。
5.exists;existence 句意:在一些学校的食堂里存在着一个问题,许多学生忽视了浪费食物这一现象的存在。There exists...有……;the existence f...……的存在。
Ⅳ改为flating 考查非谓语动词。前面已经有谓语动词,因此此处要用非谓语动词,fish与flat之间为主动关系,因此此处应该用现在分词。
2.This改为It 考查代词。分析句子可知,whether引导的从句为真正的主语,所以此处需要用It作形式主语。
3.larger改为large 考查倍数的表示方法。之间要用形容词或副词的原级。
4.that改为it 考查代词。此处为“make+it+形容词+动词不定式”结构,it作形式宾语,动词不定式是真正的宾语。
5.That改为What 考查主语从句。that引导主语从句时在从句中不充当任何成分,而此处主语从句中缺少主语,指物,因此应将That改为What。
6.去掉by后的the 考查冠词。by spaceship乘坐宇宙飞船。
Ⅴ 考查定语从句。the first ne f 引导非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作f的宾语。故填which。
2.were pushed 考查动词的时态和语态。push与they之间是被动关系,且表示过去发生的动作,所以需要用一般过去时的被动语态。
3.Gradually 考查副词。设空处作状语,所以应用副词。
4.t feel 考查不定式。 d sth.太……以至于不能做某事。
5.why 考查表语从句。根据语境可知,本句是上一句产生的结果。That was why...那就是……的原因。
6.but 考查连词。由语境可知,设空处前后为转折关系,因此用but。
7.less 考查比较级。根据空后的than可知,此处需要用形容词的比较级。
8.themselves 考查代词。设空处作宾语,与句子主语指的是相同的人,因此应该用反身代词。
9.Returning 考查动名词。设空处作主语,表示一般概念,故用动名词。
10.stars 考查名词的数。star是可数名词,在sme后需要用复数形式。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了“玉兔二号”探测到了冯·卡门撞击坑的地下结构,并介绍了该坑的地层组成以及为何月球有一个动荡的历史。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知,“玉兔二号”探测车用探地雷达探测了冯·卡门撞击坑的地下结构。故选D。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The secnd layer, stretching anther 12 meters belw, cntains a great number f large stnes”可知,这个坑的第二层包含大的石头。故选C。
3.B 主旨大意题。第五段介绍了地层中的岩石可能是过去撞击的残余碎片,这表明小行星曾发生过碰撞。较细的土壤表明发生过更小型的陨石碰撞,岩石被分解成更小的碎片,然后在太阳辐射的作用下逐渐分解。这与第四段中的“it is likely t be a vilent ne”相呼应。由此可知,第五段告诉我们为什么说月球可能有一个动荡的历史。故选B。
4.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,澳大利亚科廷大学行星科学家Gretchen Benedix表示,之前的测量结果显示出了不同的地层,但似乎没有达到“嫦娥四号”正在提供的地下物理性质的资料的程度,可推知,Gretchen Benedix认为“嫦娥四号”的测量数据值得称赞。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.reveal v.揭示 2.detect v.探测;发现;察觉
把……比作…… 4.be made up f由……构成/组成 5.stretch v.延伸;伸出;伸展 6.mixture n.混合物;混合 7.break dwn 使分解(为);使变化(成)
长难句分析
原句 It may seem like a pity that it can't g any farther fr nw, but the truth is that the technlgy has imprved a lt since it was first used in 1972 by America's Apll 17 rbiter t map the structure f the mn.
分析 本句是but连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中It是形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语;第二个分句中that引导表语从句,其中since引导时间状语从句。
句意 目前它不能探测到更深的地方,可能好像有点遗憾,但事实是,自从1972年美国“阿波罗17号”轨道飞行器首次使用它绘制月球结构图以来,这项技术已经有了很大的进步。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了机器人在太空探索中的作用。
1.B 该句为段首句。根据该段内容可知,其他星球上的环境很恶劣,对人类来说,探索这些地方非常不安全,所以机器人非常适合太空探索。故选B项。
2.D 上文介绍了其他星球上的恶劣环境对人类来说有很大的限制,根据下文“They can survive much lnger under these cnditins.”可知D项“机器人在这些地方限制会少得多”承上启下,符合语境,选项里的in these areas呼应前面的内容,下文中的They指代选项中的Rbts。故选D项。
3.F 该句为过渡句。根据段首句可知,机器人是为收集科学数据而设计的;根据下文可知,重要的科学项目,从探测矿物、分析地面样本到寻找水,都可以由机器人更快、更准确地完成。F项“它们可以更高效地处理信息”承上启下,符合语境。故选F项。
4.A 根据上下文可知,机器人连续工作几个小时也没有问题,机器人不需要食物和水,也不需要上厕所,这是机器人的优势。A项“机器人从不抱怨”符合语境。故选A项。
5.E 根据下文可知,它们在土壤和岩石上的实验都取得了成功,甚至发现了火星历史上存在水的证据。可知上文需要提到具体的成功的机器人,E项“或许最著名的是‘精神号’和‘机会号’机器人”符合语境,故选E项。
【高频词汇】 1.aside frm除……以外 2.design v.设计 3.n end连续地,不断地 4.evidence n.证据 5.limitatin n.限制
Ⅲ.One pssible versin:
Paragraph 1:
As he was running, Arthur heard the yung man shuting behind, “Stp, stp!” S frightened was Arthur that he ran faster with that suitcase. He stpped a taxi and jumped int it. Nervusly, he tld the driver t speed up and drp him ff at the plice statin. With the driver driving fast, leaving the yung man's shuts and the lud nise f the alarm far behind, Arthur felt a little at ease.
Paragraph 2:
The taxi stpped in frnt f the plice statin and Arthur jumped ff with the suitcase, running t the plice ffice. He handed it t a pliceman and reprted what had happened. Arthur insisted that the suitcase was packed with the mney that the First Natinal Bank lst. Much t Arthur's surprise, there was n mney except sme clthes and many bks. Immediately, Arthur realized that he mistk the yung man as the bank thief. As a result, he had t return the suitcase t the yung man and aplgize t him. What a funny thing it was fr Arthur!