高中人教版 (新课标)Unit 1 Great Scientists习题

这是一份高中人教版 (新课标)Unit 1 Great Scientists习题，共12页。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Sherlck (怀疑) that the man was lying.
2.Students shuld learn t (照顾) t themselves when their parents are nt at hme.
3.The medical (专家) Charles M. Rice shared the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine in 2020 with tw ther scientists.
4.Fr the first time in histry, hepatitis C (丙型肝炎) nw can be (治愈).
5.At the end f the meeting, it was (宣布)that an agreement had been reached.
6.The extent f the damage culd nt have been (预见).
7.The Ls Angeles Lakers (击败) the Miami Heat and wn the champin in 2020.
8.She admitted t herself she didn't knw hw t h the prblem.
Ⅱ.选词填空
put frward; slw dwn; draw a cnclusin; ;
1.The students have a series f questins.
2.Our cuntry has succeeded in the nvel crnavirus spreading.
3.The vide cameras a pwerful cmputer.
4.It is difficult t withut enugh evidence.
5.The car as it passed the crssrad.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.It is a pity that sme (science) bks f ancient China have been lst.
2.We discussed the prblem many times, but still culd nt cme t a (cnclude).
3.There are mre than 740 millin Chinese (expse) t secnd-hand smking in public places nw.
4.There will be many difficult and (challenge) days ahead.
5.When deeply (absrb) in wrk, he ften frgets all abut eating r sleeping.
6.The epidemic has (severe)affected the ecnmy f the whle wrld.
7.Measures must be taken t reduce water (pllute) befre it gets wrse.
8.There has been n frmal (annunce) by either gvernment.
9.Nw neither my wife nr I (be)able t persuade my daughter t change her mind.
10. (blame)fr the accident, the by felt unfair and aggrieved.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Jhn Snw was a famus dctr in Lndn. In his time chlera was the 1 (dead)disease. S Jhn Snw made up his mind t help rdinary peple 2 (expse)t chlera. He knew it wuld never be under cntrl 3 its cause was fund. He thught peple absrbed this disease 4 their bdies with their meals. S when anther utbreak hit Lndn in 1854, he gathered infrmatin and marked n a map the exact places 5 all the dead peple had lived. It was valuable and it seemed that the water was 6 (blame). Then Jhn Snw fund that the water came frm the river plluted by the dirty water frm Lndn. He immediately tk actin and the disease slwed dwn. He was able t draw a cnclusin that chlera was spread by germs. He als fund supprting evidence 7 (shw) that all the deaths 8 (link)t the plluted water. S he annunced with 9 (certain)that plluted water carried the virus. T prevent this frm happening again, Jhn Snw suggested that the surce f all the water supplies 10 (examine). Finally “King Chlera” was defeated.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021河北沧州高二上月考,)
If yu were asked t imagine a scientist, what image wuld cme t yur mind? The idea that mst f the kids have is a man wearing a white lab cat with messy hair, big glasses, and cups f clrful liquids giving ff cluds f smke. As fr adults, the majrity regard scientists as strange peple wh spend a lt f time wrking in a lnely lab. Hwever, the reality is quite different.
Recently I've had a chance t take part in a scientific experience far frm my lab and int Csta Rica. It has a large amunt f wildlife due t its gegraphical placement between Nrth and Suth America. It is hme t mre than 500,000 species (物种), which represents nearly 4% f the species wrldwide!
First we wrked t prtect wildlife at a leatherback turtle (棱皮龟) prtectin center. We helped the vlunteers t remve rubbish frm the beach t create a safe envirnment fr turtle eggs t cme ut. After that we stayed at Arenal Vlcan where we studied crustal(地壳的) activity linked t earthquakes. During ur stay at Arenal, we rde ver the muntainus areas and tk a lng walk thrugh the rainfrest. On the last day we gt a prfessinal intrductin f rcket (火箭) science and learned abut new rcket technlgy that will be used n the internatinal space statin.
During my Csta Rica experience, I knw that being a scientist desn't mean wrking in a lab day and night. A scientist is the ne wh lves learning and getting a better understanding f the wrld frm helping prtect wildlife, learning abut earthquakes r inventing rckets. I think that science is s much mre than wearing a lab cat and mixing chemicals. Kids need t be aware f the excitement and adventures science can bring!
1.Accrding t Paragraph 1, scientists are ften believed .
A.t d experiments in messy labs
B.t spend t much time in labs
C.t wear clthes in a different way
D.t wrk in dangerus cnditins
2.What did the authr d in Csta Rica?
A.He experienced an earthquake.
B.He tk part in rcket experiments.
C.He picked up rubbish n the beach.
D.He helped the vlunteers cllect turtle eggs.
3.What des the authr learn abut science frm his Csta Rica experience?
A.Science is full f bring experiments.
B.Science is related t chemical liquids.
C.Science is mre than wrking in a lab.
D.Science is abut wildlife and earthquakes.
4.What is the best title fr the passage?
A.What a Scientist Is like
B.Where a Scientist Wrks
C.Hw I Traveled in Csta Rica
D.Why I Chse t Study Science
B
(2020黑龙江鹤岗一中高二上期末,)
Inventr, physicist, surveyr, astrnmer, bilgist, Hke was all these and mre. Sme say he was the mst utstanding experimental scientist f the 17th century. In the curse f his wrk, he cperated with famus men f science like Isaac Newtn, and the great architect Christpher Wren.
Hke's early educatin began at hme, under the guidance f his father. He entered Westminster Schl at the age f 13, and frm there went t Oxfrd, where he came in cntact with sme f the best scientists in England. Hke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age f 28, he was named Curatr f Experiments at the newly frmed Ryal Sciety f Lndn—meaning that he was respnsible fr demnstrating (展示) new experiments at the sciety's weekly meeting. Hke accepted the jb, even thugh he knew that the sciety had n mney t pay him!
Watching living things thrugh a micrscpe was ne f his favurite pastimes. He invented a cmpund micrscpe fr this purpse. One day while bserving a crk (软木塞) under a micrscpe, he saw hneycmb-like structures. There were cells—the smallest units f life. In fact, it was Hke wh invented the term “cell” as the bx-like cells f the crk reminded him f the cells f a mnastery (修道院).
Anther achievement f Hke's is his bk Micrgraphia, which intrduces the enrmus ptential f the micrscpe. It cntains fascinating drawings f the thing he saw under the micrscpe. The bk als includes, amng ther things, ideas n gravity, light and cmbustin (燃烧) that may have helped scientists like Newtn when they were develping their wn theretical framewrks n these phenmena.
Hke made a valuable cntributin t astrnmy t. A crater n the mn is named after him in hnur f his service t this branch f science.
5.Why did Hke accept the jb as Curatr f Experiments?
A.He liked designing experiments.
B.His family needed his supprt.
C.His parents culdn't affrd his educatin.
D.He wanted t please sme famus scientists.
6.What des the underlined wrd “pastimes” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Jbs.B.Experiments.
C.Hbbies.D.Structures.
7.What can we knw abut Hke?
A.He went t Oxfrd in 1645.
B.He was well paid at the Ryal Sciety f Lndn.
C.He made a cntributin t medicine.
D.His bk Micrgraphia may have helped Newtn.
8.Which wrd can be used t describe Hke?
A.Hnest.B.Creative.
C.Reliable.D.Mdest.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020河南师大附中高二上期末,)
Hw t Succeed in Science
T succeed in science, yu need a lt mre than luck. In my view, yu have t cmbine intelligence with a willingness nt t fllw cnventins when they blck yur frward path. Thus, these have cme t be my rules fr success.
1
That might sund prud, but the fact is that yu must always turn t peple wh are brighter than yu. It's like playing any game. Even as a child, I never wanted t play games with anyne wh was as bad as I was. If yu win, it will give yu n pleasure. And in the game f science r life, the highest gal isn't simply t win; it's t win at smething really difficult. 2 .
Take risks
T make a huge success, a scientist has t be prepared t get int deep truble. If yu are ging t make a huge jump in science, yu will very likely be unqualified t succeed by definitin. 3 . This can be mre than persnally upsetting.
Never d anything that bres yu
My experience in science is that smene is always telling yu t d things, and then leaves yu alne. I'm nt gd enugh t d well in smething I dislike. 4 .
It's very hard t succeed if yu dn't want t be with ther scientists, because yu have t g t key meetings where yu spt key facts that wuld have escaped yu. And yu have t chat with yur cmpetitrs, even if yu find them bjectinable.
S my final rule is: 5 .
A.Meet challenges with great curage
B.If yu can't stand being with yur real peers, get ut f science
C.Put anther way, it's t g smewhere beynd yur ability and cme ut n tp
D.Be sure yu always have smene t save yu frm a deep mess
E.Avid flish peple
F.In fact, I find it hard t d well in smething I like
G.Besides, yu even have t be prepared t disbelieve yur scientific heres
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案全解全析
Unit 1 Great scientists
Part 1 Warming Up, Pre-reading,
Reading &Cmprehending
基础过关练
Ⅰ 2.attend 3.expert 4.cured 5.annunced
6.freseen 7.defeated 8.handle
Ⅱ frward 2.preventing;frm 3.are linked t 4.draw a cnclusin 5.slwed dwn
Ⅲ 考查形容词。句意:很可惜的是,我国古代的一些科学著作已经失传。修饰名词bks应用形容词,表示“科学的”,故填scientific。
2.cnclusin 考查名词。句意:我们讨论过这个问题很多次了,但是依然无法得出结论。cme t a cnclusin得出结论。故填cnclusin。
3.expsed 考查非谓语动词。句意:目前有超过7.4亿中国人在公共场所会接触到二手烟。分析可知此处是非谓语动词作定语,Chinese和expse之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词。
4.challenging 考查形容词。句意:今后将会有很多艰苦和充满挑战性的日子。修饰名词days应用形容词,challenging是形容词,意为“挑战性的”。
5.absrbed 考查非谓语动词。句意:极其专心于工作时,他经常废寝忘食。When wrk是状语从句的省略,补充完整后是When he is deeply absrbed in wrk,此处省略了主语he和be动词。be absrbed in专心于。故应用过去分词absrbed。
6.severely 考查副词。句意:疫情已严重影响了全世界的经济。修饰谓语动词应用副词,故填severely。
7.pllutin 考查名词。句意:必须在水污染变得更糟之前采取措施,以减少水污染。water pllutin意为“水污染”。pllutin是不可数名词。
8.annuncement 考查名词。句意:双方政府都还未作正式通告。形容词frmal修饰名词,此处表示“通告”,再根据空前的has可知填annuncement。
9.am 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:现在我的妻子和我都不能说服我的女儿改变主意。连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则,再根据时间状语为Nw以及就近的主语为I可知填am。
10.Blamed 考查非谓语动词。句意:为这起事故受到了责备,这个男孩感到不公平和委屈。由句意可知此处指“因……受了责备”,需用(be)blamed fr,设空处用过去分词作状语,故填Blamed。
Ⅳ 考查形容词。分析句子可知,句中指霍乱是那个年代致命的疾病,deadly意为“致命的”,设空处修饰disease,需用形容词deadly。
2.expsed 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,设空处为后置定语,修饰rdinary peple,rdinary peple与expse为逻辑上的被动关系,故此处需用过去分词expsed。
3.until 考查固定句型。句意:他知道直到找到病因,它(霍乱)才能得到控制。根据句型(直到……才……)可知,应填until。
4.int 考查介词。此处表示“把疾病吸收进体内”,意为“把……吸收进……”,符合语境,故填int。
5.where 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为places,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。
6.t blame 考查固定用法。be t blame意为“(对坏事)负有责任”,此时t blame为主动形式表示被动意义。
7.shwing 考查非谓语动词。设空处为非谓语动词作定语,修饰evidence,evidence与shw为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词作定语。故填shwing。
8.were linked 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。that引导宾语从句,设空处为从句的谓语,根据语境及主句中的fund可知应用一般过去时;固定短语be linked t意为“与……有关”;宾语从句的主语为all the deaths(复数形式),故设空处需填were linked。
9.certainty 考查词性转换。with为介词,后需用名词形式,with certainty为固定短语,意为“坚信,确信”。
10.be examined 考查虚拟语气和语态。suggest在句中意为“建议”,后接宾语从句时,从句需采用虚拟语气,即谓语用“shuld+动词原形”形式,shuld可以省略。再根据examine与宾语从句的主语the surce f all the water supplies之间为被动关系可知需用被动语态,故填be examined。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的经历帮助人们尤其是孩子们消除对科学家的固有印象,让人们了解科学家究竟是什么样的人。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“As fr adults, the majrity regard scientists as strange peple wh spend a lt f time wrking in a lnely lab.(对于成年人来说,大多数人认为科学家是奇怪的人,他们花很多时间在一个偏僻的实验室里工作。)”可知,大多数人认为科学家都花太多时间在实验室里。故选B。根据文章第一段中的“a man wearing a white lab cat with messy hair, big glasses, and cups f clrful liquids giving ff cluds f smke”可以看出,未涉及A、C两个选项。D项(在危险的环境中工作)文中未涉及。
2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“We helped the vlunteers t remve rubbish frm the beach t create a safe envirnment fr turtle eggs t cme ut. (我们帮助志愿者清除海滩上的垃圾,为海龟蛋的孵化创造一个安全的环境。)”可知,作者在哥斯达黎加的海滩帮助清除垃圾。故选C,同时排除了D。根据第三段中的“studied crustal (地壳的) activity linked t earthquakes”和“gt a prfessinal intrductin f rcket (火箭) science and learned abut new rcket technlgy”可以排除A、B。
3.C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“During my Csta Rica experience, I knw that being a scientist desn't mean wrking in a lab day and night. A scientist is the ne wh lves learning and getting a better understanding f the wrld frm helping prtect wildlife, learning abut earthquakes r inventing rckets. I think that science is s much mre (在我在哥斯达黎加的经历中,我知道了成为一名科学家并不意味着要在实验室里日夜工作。一个科学家是这样的人,他热爱学习,喜欢从帮助保护野生动物、了解地震或者发明火箭的经历中更好地了解世界。我认为科学远远不止是穿着实验服混合化学药品。)”可知,作者从他的经历中认识到,科学不仅仅是在实验室里工作。故选C。A:科学充满了无聊的实验;B:科学与化学液体有关;D:科学是关于野生动物和地震的。
4.A 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“If yu were asked t imagine a scientist, what image wuld cme t yur mind?(如果让你想象一个科学家,你会想到什么形象?)”及全文其他内容可知,作者通过自己的经历帮助人们尤其是孩子们消除对科学家的固有印象,让人们了解科学家究竟是什么样的人。所以用“What a Scientist Is like(科学家是什么样的)”作为文章标题最合适。故选A。 B项是说科学家工作的地点,只是文章提到的某个方面,不能概括全文主旨;C项说的是作者是如何在哥斯达黎加旅行的,D项说的是作者为什么要选择学科学,C、D均与文章主旨不符,故排除。
【高频词汇】 1.give ff发出,放出 2.majrity n.大多数 把……视为……
4.a large amunt f大量的5.represent linking verb等于,相当于 vt.代表 6.be aware f知道;意识到 7.be related t与……相关
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了英国伟大的科学家、细胞的发现者罗伯特·胡克。
5.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Hke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments.可知,胡克在设计实验和发明仪器方面非常优秀,由此推断他接受实验馆长一职的原因是他喜欢设计实验。而B、C、D选项都属于“无中生有”,文中没有涉及这些内容。故选A。
6.C 词义猜测题。根据上文胡克对实验的喜欢以及第三段他为了观察生物而发明一种复合显微镜可知,用显微镜观察生物是他最喜欢做的事情,由此推断 “pastime”的意思是“爱好”。A项意为“工作”;B项意为“实验”;D项意为“结构”。故选C。
7.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的The may have helped scientists like Newtn when they were develping their wn theretical framewrks n these phenmena.可知,书中的一些观点可能对像牛顿这样的科学家发展自己的理论框架有所帮助,由此可知胡克的《显微术》这本书可能对牛顿有帮助。由第二段内容可知,1662年胡克28岁,他是在13岁进入Westminster Schl,然后上的牛津大学,他13岁时是1647年,所以上牛津大学的时间不可能是1645年,所以A项错误。B选项“他在英国皇家学会薪水很高”和文中第二段最后一句中的even thugh he knew that the sciety had n mney t pay him相悖。全文没有提及他对医学方面的贡献,故C选项“他对医学做出了贡献”内容错误。故选D。
8.B 推理判断题。文章介绍了胡克的很多成就,而且他喜欢做实验,也发明了很多仪器,由此推断他是富有创造性的。而其他三个选项(A项“诚实的”;C项“可信赖的”;D项“谦虚的”)所说的品质在文中没有体现。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.guidance n.指导 2.instrument n.仪器;工具 3.respnsible adj.负责任的 4.ptential n.潜力;潜在性 adj.潜在的;可能的 5.fascinating adj.迷人的;吸引人的 6.cntributin n.贡献 7.in hnur f 为向……表示敬意;为了纪念
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在科学上取得成功。
1.E 根据标题后内容可知,作者认为只有和比自己聪明的人在一起才能学到东西,所以建议避免和愚蠢的人在一起。故选E。
2.C 根据设空处前一句话可知,作者认为在科学或生活的游戏中,最高的目标不仅仅是获胜,而是成功地做好一些非常困难的事情。换句话说,要通过克服困难来超越自我,使自己名列前茅。C选项是对前一句话的进一步解释。
3.G 根据设空处前文可知,作者认为如果想取得很大的成功,科学家必须准备好陷入很深的困境中。如果你要在科学上有一个巨大的飞跃,你很可能没有资格获得成功。此外,甚至也要准备好怀疑你心中的科学英雄,也就是要勇于怀疑权威。G选项符合语境。
4.F 根据设空处前一句话中的d well in smething I dislike可知,在科学研究中,对于自己不喜欢的事情人们做不好,但对于自己喜欢的事情人们也不一定能做好。故选F。
5.B 根据前一段的内容可知,作者建议要和其他科学家交流,从而发现自己忽略的关键事实。甚至要和你的竞争对手交流,即使你觉得他们令人反感。也就是说,如果你无法忍受跟与你真正地位相当的人一起工作,你就不要进行科学研究了。故选B。
【高频词汇】
1.intelligence n.智力;智慧 2.willingness n.乐意;意愿 3.take risks 冒险 4.unqualified adj.没资格的;不能胜任的 5.leave sb. alne 不打扰某人 6.cmpetitr n.竞争者;对手 7.peer n.同等地位的人;同龄人 8.put anther way 换句话说 9.scientific adj.科学的
原句 The idea that mst f the kids have is a man wearing a white lab cat with messy hair, big glasses, and cups f clrful liquids giving ff cluds f smke.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是The idea,a man是表语,是现在分词短语作定语,修饰a man;that mst f the kids have是that引导的定语从句,修饰The idea;giving 是现在分词短语作定语,修饰liquids。
句意 大多数孩子的想法是一个男人穿着一件白色的实验服,头发凌乱,戴着大眼镜,有很多杯五颜六色的液体,散发着一团团的烟。
原句 The bk als includes, amng ther things, ideas n gravity, light and cmbustin (燃烧) that may have helped scientists like Newtn when they were develping their wn theretical framewrks n these phenmena.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。其中amng ther things是插入语,句子的主干是“The bk als includes ideas”, “n gravity, light and cmbustin”是修饰ideas的介词短语,而that引导的定语从句也修饰ideas,在该定语从句中when引导时间状语从句。
句意 除了其他方面,这本书还包括关于重力、光和燃烧的想法,当像牛顿这样的科学家在发展自己关于这些现象的理论框架时,这些想法可能曾经帮助过他们。
原句 It's very hard t succeed if yu dn't want t be with ther scientists, because yu have t g t key meetings where yu spt key facts that wuld have escaped yu.
分析 本句为主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句;because引导原因状语从句,该从句中where yu spt key facts...是一个定语从句,修饰先行词meetings,where在从句中作状语;that wuld have escaped yu也是一个定语从句,修饰先行词facts,that在从句中作主语。
句意 如果你不想和其他科学家在一起(工作),你就很难成功,因为你必须去参加一些重要会议,在那里你会发现一些关键的事实,而这些事实本来是被你忽视的。