高中人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Adversity and Course课前预习ppt课件

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1．对某事进行调查___________________________2．朝各个方向____________________3．导致____________________4．动身；出发____________________5．拒绝____________________
cnduct an investigatin int sth. 　in all directins　lead t/result in　set ff/ut　turn dwn　
6．陷入____________________7．沉入海底____________________8．为……感到自豪____________________9．在某人的指导下____________________10．即使____________________
get stuck in　sink int the sea　be prud f…　under the guidance f sb. 　even thugh　
1．After seeing the advertisement in the newspaper, Perce Blackbrw reslved t jin the Antarctic expeditin led by Sir Ernest Shackletn ________________ challenges might lie ahead. 在报纸上看到这则广告后珀西·布莱克博罗下定决心，不管未来面临何种挑战，都要加入由欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士率领的南极探险队。
2．___________________ we lst the game, we shuld be prud f urselves because we tried ur best and wrked as a team. 即使我们输了比赛，我们也应该为自己感到骄傲，因为我们尽了最大的努力，作为一个团队。【答案】1．n matter what　2．Even thugh
现在完成进行时(The present perfect cntinuus tense)1．The dg ________________ fr abut tw hurs. 那条狗叫了大约两个小时了。2．He ________________ his hmewrk in his rm. 他一直在房间里做作业。【答案】1．has been barking　2．has been ding
1．cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的(P40)Life was cruel t Oliver when he was yung. 【翻译】奥利弗年轻时，生活对他来说是残酷的。
(1)it is cruel t d sth. 做某事是残忍的、残酷的be cruel t sb. 对某人残酷(2)cruelly adv. 残酷地；非常地(3)cruelty n. 残酷；残忍；残酷的行为
The dg had been cruelly treated. 那条狗一直受虐待。Thmas chastised Peters fr his cruelty. 托马斯训斥了彼得斯的残忍。The cruelty in the wrld saddens me incredibly. 世间的残酷令我悲伤不已。
N animal escapes the cruel knife in the end. 没有动物最终能逃过那残忍的屠刀。Duglas was ften cruelly trmented by jealus siblings. 道格拉斯过去常遭到嫉妒他的兄弟姐妹们的残忍折磨。It’s extremely cruel t perfrm an experiment n live animals. 对动物活体进行实验是一件极其残忍的事情。
His life has been cruelly shattered by an event nt f his wn making. 他的生活由于一个非他自身因素造成的事件被无情地破坏了。The cld, hard cruelty f tw yung men is vividly brught t life in this true stry. 两个年轻人的冷漠和残忍在这个真实的故事里被生动地表现了出来。
[针对练习]选用cruel, cruelly或cruelty填空(1)I can’t stand peple wh are ________ t animals. (2)S ________ is the man that he never shws any mercy t whever is against his pinin. (3)Their beautiful dream was brken ________ .
(4)Yu will answer fr yur ________ t the peple arund yu. (5)Bth were ________ tired, yet Becky said she thught she culd g a little farther. 【答案】(1)cruel　(2)cruel　(3)cruelly　(4)cruelty　(5)cruelly
2．thrugh adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的(P40)The fficer was assigned t cnduct a thrugh investigatin int the incident. 【翻译】该官员被指派对该事件进行彻底调查。
(1)thrugh cleaning/examinatin/inspectin/checkup/ investigatin一场彻底的大扫除/检查/视察/核查/调查(2)thrughly adv. 彻底地；完全地
I’m thrughly cnfused. 我完全给搞糊涂了。A quick stir will mix them thrughly. 快速搅拌会使它们完全混合。This very thrugh survey ges back t 1784．这项非常彻底的调查可追溯到1784年。
Yu must see a dctr fr a thrugh examinatin. 你必须去看医生，做个全面体检。The plitical system has becme thrughly ut f date. 这种政治体系已经彻底过时了。
【易混辨析】(1)thrugh adj. 深入的；彻底的(2)thugh adv. 虽然；可是　cnj. 虽然；尽管(3)thrugh prep. 穿过；通过　adv. 从头到尾；直达地；彻底，完全(4)thught n. 思想，也是think的过去式及过去分词形式
[针对练习]完成句子(1) ________________，fur things are necessary. 为了完全掌握一门外语，有四点是必要的。(2)This explanatin, f curse, ________________ by everyne present. 当然，在场的每一个人都完全理解这种解释。
(3)Engineers carried ut ________________ f the track. 工程师对轨道进行了彻底检查。(4)The plice carried ut ________________ . 警方展开了全面的调查。(5)Detectives carried ut ________________ f the building. 侦探对那栋大楼进行了彻底的搜查。
【答案】(1)In rder t knw a freign language thrughly(2)was thrughly understd(3)a thrugh inspectin(4)a thrugh investigatin(5)a thrugh search
3．applicatin n. 应用；申请；应用程序；敷用(P40)Unfrtunately, his applicatin was turned dwn because he was t yung and nt qualified enugh. 【翻译】不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，不够资格。
(1)apply vt. 应用；敷药，涂抹　vi. 申请，适用；专心apply fr sth. 申请(得到)某物apply t sb. fr sth. 向某人申请某物be applied t适用于；应用于apply sth. t…将某物涂抹于……be applied t应用于apply neself t致力于(2)applicant n. 申请人
Yu ught t apply yurself t yur wrk. 你应该专心于你的工作。The new discvery may be applied in medicine. 这项新发现可应用于医学。He applied fr the jb t the cmpany by letter. 他写信向公司申请这份工作。
The cmmittee came dwn in supprt f his applicatin. 委员会决定并宣布支持他的申请。She applied sme cream t her arms befre she went ut. 她出去前在胳膊上涂了些药膏。She applied t the internatinal schl fr a jb as an English teacher. 她向国际学校申请一份英语教师的工作。
The results f this research can be applied t new develpments in technlgy. 这项研究的结果可以应用于技术的新发展。Students learned the practical applicatin f the thery they had learned in the classrm. 学生们学会了课堂上学到的理论的实际应用。
[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)He slwed the bleeding by ________ (apply) pressure t the wunds until the plice and ambulance arrived. (2)S far, mre than ne hundred peple have applied ________ this psitin. (3)This new medicine can be applied t ________ (treat) COVID-19．
(4)His grandfather has applied ________ (he) t teaching all his life. (5)Twenty ________ (apply) have asked fr this jb, s yu are lucky t have been admitted. (6)Yu ught t hand in yur ________ by the end f this mnth if yu want this jb. 【答案】(1)applying　(2)fr　(3)treating　(4)himself(5)applicants　(6)applicatin
4．recreatin n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏(P41)Jasn’s nly recreatin is painting. He has been learning hw t paint fr ver five years. 【翻译】詹森唯一的消遣就是画画。他学习绘画已有五年多了。
(1)recreatin n. 娱乐，消遣(不可数)；娱乐活动(可数)(2)recreatinal adj. 娱乐的；消遣的
We need t imprve facilities fr leisure and recreatin. 我们有必要改进消遣娱乐设施。His recreatins include glf, ftball and shting. 他的娱乐活动包括打高尔夫球、踢足球和射击。These areas are set aside fr public recreatinal use. 这些地方已经划出来用于公共娱乐。
[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)The twn and its envirnment are inviting, with ________ (recreatin) attractins and art museums. (2)There are all kinds f ________ (recreatin) in ur schl when schl is ver. 【答案】(1)recreatinal　(2)recreatins
5．guidance n. 指导，引导；导航(P41)He finally finished the research paper under his tutr’s guidance. 【翻译】最终他在导师的指导下完成了研究论文。
(1)under ne’s guidance＝under the guidance f sb. 在某人的指导下guidance fr sb. n sth. 就某事给予某人的指导seek guidance frm sb. 向某人寻求指导(2)guide n. 指南；指导；导游　vt. 给某人领路guide sb. t…引导某人到……
A guide gives a brief talk n the histry f the site. 导游简要介绍了那个遗址的历史。We’ve arranged a walking tur f the city under the guidance f yu. 我们已安排大家在你的带领下步行游览这座城市。All activities take place under the guidance f an experienced tutr. 所有活动都在经验丰富的导师指导下进行。
Yu can seek guidance frm Prfessr Wang if yu are nt sure in yur wrk. 如果你在工作上有不确定的地方，可以向王教授寻求指导。Hwever, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me sme green tablets which helped a lt. 然而，我的朋友兼向导，王平非常善解人意，给了我一些绿色的药片，对我帮助很大。
[针对练习]完成句子(1)Next Mr Smith will ________________ (就你的论文提出一些指导意见). (2)We have reached ur gal ________________ (在李博士的指导下). (3)An ld man ________________ (把我们领到了他们村).
【答案】(1)ffer yu sme guidance n yur paper(2)under the guidance f Dr Li(3)guided me t their village
6．advertising n. 广告活动；广告业(P41)The cmpany has launched an advertising campaign t prmte its crprate image. 【翻译】公司发起了一场广告宣传活动，以提升公司形象。
(1)advertise vt. &vi. 公布；宣传；做广告advertise fr征聘；公布be advertised as…被宣传为……advertise a prduct/a business/yur services做广告宣传产品/企业/你的服务项目
(2)advertiser n. 登广告者；广告商(3)advertisement n. (以图片、文字等方式出现的)广告(4)advertise vt. &vi. 分布；宣传；做广告
They decided t advertise their new schl n TV. 他们决定在电视上为他们的新学校做广告。We shuld advertise fr smene t lk after ur children. 我们应该登广告招聘一个人来照看我们的孩子。The cruise was advertised as the “jurney f a lifetime”. 这次航行被宣传为“一生的旅程”。
[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)If yu want t attract mre custmers, try ________ (advertise) in the lcal paper. (2)We are currently advertising ________ a new sales manager. (3)She advertises herself ________ the best ck in the twn.
(4)The ________ (advertise) spke t highly f their prducts in the advertisement. (5)Nw we can see ________ (advertise) almst everywhere. 【答案】(1)advertising　(2)fr　(3)as　(4)advertiser(5)advertisements
1．(P40)After seeing the advertisement in the newspaper, Perce Blackbrw reslved t jin the Antarctic expeditin led by Sir Ernest Shackletn n matter what challenges might lie ahead. 【翻译】在报纸上看到这则广告后，珀西·布莱克博罗下定决心，不管未来面临何种挑战，都要加入由欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士率领的南极探险队。
【句式剖析】本句中的“n matter what challenges might lie ahead”是一个由n matter引导的让步状语从句。这个从句放在整个主句的后面。
【归纳拓展】(1)“n matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。N matter what the gvernment says, it is clear that the airprt will als affect ur health. 无论政府说什么，显而易见，机场还会影响我们的健康。Call me when yu get there, n matter what the time is. 无论什么时间，你到了那儿就给我打电话。
Everyne will be given a telephne number at birth that will never change n matter where they live. 每个人一出生就会被给予一个电话号码，将来无论他们居住在哪儿，这个电话号码都不会更改。When smene talks, everyne is expected t listen, n matter hw dull the persn’s speaking may be. 当一个人在讲话时，不管他说的多么无聊，每个人都应该洗耳恭听。
(2)“疑问词-ever”可以引导状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句；“n matter＋疑问词”只能引导状语从句。I’ll pst that letter whatever Wilsn says. ＝I’ll pst that letter n matter what Wilsn says. 不管威尔逊讲什么，我都要寄出那封信。
[针对练习]完成句子(1) ________________，I’ll pay fr it. 无论你想买哪本词典，我都愿意付款。(2) ________________ can’t help feeling excited fr the great achievement we’ve made. 无论是谁看到这所新学校，都情不自禁地为我们取得的重大成就而激动。
【答案】(1)Whichever dictinary yu want t buy/N matter which dictinary yu want t buy(2)Whever sees the new schl
2．(P41)I must have tried a dzen times befre I caught yu here. 【翻译】我肯定打了十几次电话才在这里碰到你。【句式剖析】在句中must have tried表示对过去情况的推测，意为“一定试过了”，语气非常肯定。
【归纳拓展】(1)“shuld have＋过去分词”表示过去该做而没有做的事情。它含有责备的语气。其中，shuld可换用ught t(即ught t have＋过去分词)，意思不变。Yu shuld/ught t have been here five minutes ag. 你应该在五分钟之前到达这里的。
(2)“culd have＋过去分词”表示过去本来能够做但是没有做成的事。He culd have passed the entrance examinatin last year. 他去年本来可以考上大学的。
(3)“must have＋过去分词”表示过去一定做过某事，一种很有把握的推测，意为“一定”。注意：这个句型不可直接在must的后面加nt构成否定式。It must have rained last night, fr the grund is wet. 昨天晚上一定下过雨，因为地上是湿的。
(4)“can’t/culdn’t have＋过去分词”也用来表示对过去情况的推测，意为“不可能做过某事”。第(3)个句型的否定式要用本句型表示其否定意义。It can’t have rained last night. 昨天晚上不可能下了雨。
(5)“may/might have＋过去分词”表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的推测，意为“或许/可能做过某事”。may的可能性又比might大些。He hasn’t turned up yet; he may/might have been ill. 他还没有来。他可能病了。
(6)“needn’t have＋过去分词”表示过去没有必要做某事但实际上做了的事情，意为“(过去)没有必要……”。I needn’t have tld him that. 我没有必要将那件事告诉他的。
[针对练习]完成句子(1)She ________________ this sng. 她可能还没有听过这首歌。
(2)Frederick William I, the King f Prussia, ____________ that his greatest gift t the Russian peple wuld have such an amazing histry. 普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。
(3)As there was s much nise, we ________________ what they were talking abut. 由于有那么多的噪音，我们不可能听见他们在谈论什么。(4)I shuld have paid enugh attentin t grammar, therwise I ________________ these grammatical mistakes in my cmpsitin. 我本应该足够注意语法的，否则，我就不会在我的作文里犯这些语法错误了。(实际上没足够注意语法)
【答案】(1)might/may nt have heard(2)culd never have imagined(3)culdn’t have heard(4)wuldn’t/ shuldn’t have made
3．(P41)Even thugh we lst the game, we shuld be prud f urselves because we tried ur best and wrked as a team. 【翻译】即使我们输了比赛，我们也应该为自己感到骄傲，因为我们作为一个团队尽了最大的努力。【句式剖析】even thugh意为“即使，尽管”，在本句中引导一个表示让步的状语从句。
【归纳拓展】(1)even thugh意为“即使，尽管”，常用来引导一个表示让步的状语从句。这个让步状语从句，可放在主句前，也可放在主句后。(2)even thugh引导的让步状语从句，如果表示将来的情况，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。(3)如果主句和从句主语相同且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句可以采用省略结构。
Even thugh I have t walk all the way, I’ll g there. 即使我得一路走着去，我也要走到那里。Even thugh invited(＝Even thugh I have been invited), I wuldn’t g t the party. 即使受到邀请，我也不去参加这个晚会。
[针对练习]完成句子(1)I will cme, ________________ . 明天即使下雪，我也会来。(2)But ________________，the majrity f them are really friendly and I’ve made sme gd friends. 虽然有些英国人很奇怪，但是大多数人都很友好，而且我已经结交了一些好朋友。
(3)They went n playing, ________________ . 尽管天气很糟糕，他们还是继续玩。【答案】(1)even thugh it snws tmrrw(2)even thugh sme British peple are quite strange(3)even thugh the weather was bad
【例句观察】1．Lily has been ding her hmewrk fr tw hurs nw. 2．My father has been writing a reprt n the cmputer since he came back hme.
【我的领悟】1．现在完成进行时的构成：_____________2．现在完成进行时常与 ________ 或 ________ 开头的时间状语连用。3．能用于现在完成进行时的动词是延续性动词还是非延续性动词？ ________
Keys：1．have/has been＋现在分词2．since; fr3．延续性动词
一、现在完成进行时表示一个持续到现在的动作(该动作可能刚停止，也可能还在进行)。—Yur clthes are wet. ——你的衣服湿了。—I knw. I’ve been washing the car. ——我知道。我一直在洗车。
—Are yu waiting fr Peter?——你在等彼得吗？—Yes. I’ve been waiting fr an hur and he still hasn’t turned up. ——是的。我等了一个小时，可他还是没有出现。
二、现在完成进行时常和hw lng, lng及since, fr开头的时间状语一起用。Have yu been waiting lng?你等了很久了吗？It has been raining fr tw hurs nw. 雨已经下了两个小时了。
Hw lng have yu been wearing glasses?你戴眼镜多久了？I have been wrking here since graduatin. 毕业后我一直在这里工作。
三、现在完成进行时常被用来说明造成现在状态或结果的原因。—Have yu lst weight?——你体重减轻了吗？—Yes, I’ve been ging t the gym a lt. ——是的，我经常去健身房。
Her eyes are red. Has she been crying?她的眼睛红了。她哭过吗？I have been shpping all day and I haven’t a penny left. 我买了一整天东西，一分钱都没剩下。Yur fingers are brwn. Yu’ve been smking t much. 你的手指是棕色的。你一直抽太多烟了。
四、现在完成进行时可用来表示动作的重复。Bb hasn’t been eating regularly recently. 鲍勃最近吃饭不规律。Yu have ften been making mistakes like this. 你经常犯这样的错误。
They have been quarrelling ever since they gt married. 自从结婚以来，他们一直在争吵。He has been cughing a lt lately. He ught t give up smking. 他最近老是咳嗽。他应该戒烟。
一、现在完成时表示动作已经完成，强调现在的结果；而现在完成进行时表示的动作却不一定已完成，更强调动作的过程。My mther has made a cake. (已做好)My mther has been making a cake. (不一定做好了)The weather has imprved. (强调结果)The weather has been imprving. (强调过程)
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较
二、许多静态动词只能用于现在完成时而不能用于现在完成进行时。He’s a lvely dg — hw lng have yu had him?The prisner has admitted his guilt. 注意：★当某些静态动词的意思发生转变时，也可用于现在完成进行时。
I’ve been thinking ver yur suggestin. 我一直在考虑你的建议。Keith’s been having a lt f prblems with his cmputer. 基思的电脑出了很多问题。★want这个动词有时可用于现在完成进行时，表示“一直想”。I have been wanting t visit Guilin again.
三、expect, learn, lie, live, lk, rain, sit, sleep, snw, stand, stay, wait, wrk, write 等延续性动词用两种时态都可以，意思差别不大。They have wrked very well this term. 这学期他们学习得很好。They have been wrking very well this term. 这学期他们一直学习得很好。
Sam has lived in Beijing fr five years. 萨姆在北京住了五年了。Sam has been living in Beijing fr five years. 萨姆在北京已经住了五年了。
单句语法填空1．Tm ________________ (wrk) in the library every night ver the last three mnths. 2．In the last few years thusands f films ____________ (prduce) all ver the wrld. 3．His first nvel ________________ (receive) gd reviews since it came ut last mnth.
4．It is the mst instructive lecture that I ________________ (attend) since I came t this schl. 5．—Lk! Smebdy ________________ (clean) the sfa. —Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t d it. 6．The manager ________________ (tell) the wrkers hw t imprve the prgram since 9 a. m.
7．—Alvin, are yu cming with us?—I’d lve t, but smething unexpected ______________ (cme) up.8．In rder t find the missing child, villagers _____________ (d) all they can ver the past five hurs. 9．Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ________________ (make) int at least ten different films ver the past years.
10．The girl has a great interest in sprt and ________ (take) badmintn classes twice a week ver the last three years. 11．—Have yu heard abut the recent electin?—Sure, it ________________ (be) the nly thing n the news fr the last three days. 12．—Oh n! We’re t late. The train ________________ (leave). —That’s OK. We’ll catch the next train t Lndn.
13．The schl bard is made up f parents wh ________________ (elect) t make decisins abut schl affairs. 14．When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I ________________ (change) my mind. 15．During the last three decades, the number f peple participating in physical fitness prgrams ________________ (increase) sharply.
16．In the last few years, China ________________ (make) great achievements in envirnmental prtectin. 17．Despite the previus runds f talks, n agreement ________________ (reach) s far by the tw sides. 18．Mary ________________ (wrk) really hard n his bk and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
19．Dashan, wh ________________ (learn) crsstalk, the Chinese cmedic traditin, fr decades, wants t mix it up with the Western stand-up traditin. 【答案】1．has been wrking2．have been prduced3．has received　4．have attended5．has cleaned　6．has been telling
7．has cme　8．have been ding9．has been made　10．has been taking11．has been　12．has left13．have been elected　14．have changed15．has increased　16．has made17．has been reached　18．has been wrking19．has been learning
Ⅰ．单词拼写1．It’s really ________ (残酷的) fr the hunter t kill the sheep in frnt f s many children. 2．We shall d a ________ (彻底的) cleaning this afternn t welcme in the new year. 3．We need t buy sme new ________ (家具) t furnish the huse.
4．___________ (不幸地), Mr Black was caught in a traffic jam yesterday mrning n his way t wrk. 5．He handed in his ________ (申请书) t ask fr the jb, but was turned dwn immediately. 6．The dg always ________ (吠) at night when strangers pass by the huse. 7．In such ________ (潮湿的) weather, wet clthes dn’t get dry easily.
8．There are all kinds f ________ (娱乐活动) in ur schl when schl is ver. 9．Under the ________ (指导) f Mr Li, we didn’t have much truble finishing ur task. 10．Every day, we can see all kinds f ________ (广告) in ur life and wrk.
【答案】1．cruel　2．thrugh　3．furniture4．Unfrtunately　5．applicatin　6．barks　7．damp8．recreatins　9．guidance　10．advertisements
Ⅱ．短语填空cnduct an investigatin int, in all directins, result in, set ff, turn dwn, get stuck in, sink int, be prud f, under the guidance f, even thugh1．We are discussing smething imprtant, s culd yu please ________________ the TV a little?2．___________________ I have visited this city twice, I still feel like visiting it a third time in the future.
3．The ship fr Shanghai will ________________ in ten minutes. Please get n bard immediately. 4．___________________ this ld man，we were able t cmplete ur research successfully. 5．Wrk hard, r yur laziness will nly ________________ failure in yur future life. 6．Hearing the gun shts, the wild animals all fled ________________ in the muntain.
7．All f us ________________ the great achievements we have made in the past thirty years. 8．The plice ________________ the accident，and finally discvered the cause f the incident. 9．The ship kncked int a huge stne underwater and ________________ the sea in the end. 10．It has been raining fr several days and my car ________________ the mud and I can’t get it ut.
【答案】1．turn dwn　2．Even thugh　3．set ff4．Under the guidance f　5．result in6．in all directins　7．are prud f8．cnducted an investigatin int9．sank int　10．gets stuck in
Ⅲ．课文原句填空1．The fficer ________________ a thrugh investigatin int the incident. 该官员被指派对该事件进行彻底调查。2．Unfrtunately, his applicatin was ________________ because he was t yung and nt qualified enugh. 不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，不够资格。
3．Jasn’s nly recreatin is painting. He ________________ hw t paint fr ver five years. 詹森唯一的消遣就是画画。他学习绘画已有五年多了。4．The cmpany has ________________ t prmte its crprate image. 公司发起了一场广告宣传活动，以提升公司形象。
5．After seeing the advertisement in the newspaper, Perce Blackbrw reslved t jin Antarctic expeditin led by Sir Ernest Shackletn ________________ might lie ahead. 在报纸上看到这则广告后，珀西·布莱克博罗下定决心，不管未来面临何种挑战，都要加入由欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士率领的南极探险队。
6．Even thugh we lst the game, we shuld __________ because we tried ur best and wrked as a team. 即使我们输了比赛，我们也应该为自己感到骄傲，因为我们作为一个团队尽了最大的努力。7．I ________________ a dzen times befre I caught yu here. 我肯定打了十几次电话才在这里碰到你。
【答案】1．was assigned t cnduct　2．turned dwn3．has been learning4．launched an advertising campaign5．n matter what challenges6．be prud f urselves7．must have tried