中考英语专题11 ： 非谓语动词


专题十一 非谓语动词



教学目标

1. 掌握动词不定式、动名词、分词的基本用法；
2. 准确完成动词不定式、动名词、分词的相关练习。
非谓语动词专题

考情分析
非谓语动词是指在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式，在句子中相当于名词、形容词或副词。非谓语在句中不受主语人称和数的限制。不定式、动名词、分词都是非谓语动词。近年来中考关于非谓语动词的考查重点有：动名词作主语和宾语；分词作定语；动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语和定语；不定式符号to的省略以及及物动词后接动词不定式和接动名词的意义差异等。
自我测试
1. Why don’t we encourage our children ______ off the video games and pick up a book?
A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. to turning
2. Andy made a big bamboo box the little sick bird until it could fly again.
A. keep B. kept C. keeps D. to keep
3. The heavy rain made the headmaster________ the school sports meeting.
A. to cancel B. cancel C. canceling D. canceled
4. Rio de Janeiro still has a lot of things _____ to prepare for the 2016 Olympics.
A. do B. did C. to do D. does
5. It’s important English well.
A. of you to learn B. of you learn C. for you to learn D. for you learning
6. It’s kind ________ you ________ so much for us.
A. of, to think B. for, to think C. of, thinking
7. It takes me half an hour ________ the piano every day.
A. play B. playing C. to play
8. I prefer _______ outside for a trip rather than ________at home this May Day holiday.
A. to go, staying B. going, to stay C. to go, stay D. going, staying
9. We have two rooms ______, but I can’t decide ______.
A. to live; to choose which one B. to live; choose which one
C. to live in; which one to choose D. to live in; choose which one
10. He is often seen others in need.
A. help B. to help C. helps D. helping
11. The mother’s advice fell ______deaf ears again. It’s no use ______ to her.
A. on; talking B. with; to talk C. to; talk
12. —Dad, why must I stop ______ computer games?
—For your health, my boy.
A. play B. to play C. to playing D. playing
13. Thomas' story about ______ a bear attack was really exciting.
A. survive B. surviving C. to survive D. to surviving
14. Mary is a little poor at English . I think she needs ____ it every day.
A. practice to speak B. to practice speaking C. practice speaking
15. The students and their teacher ______ eagerly looking forward to ______Spring Festival.
A. is; come B. are; coming C. are; the coming
16. Ling Feng makes the baby .
A. stops crying B. stop to cry C. to stop crying D. stop crying
17. Recently I have read some books by Verne, a famous science fiction writer.
A. were written B. written C. wrote D. write
18. I think the short stories ______ by Dickens are very popular ______ the children.
A. are written; for B. are written; among
C. written; among D. written; between

知识梳理




非谓语动词[来源:学科网]
动词不定式
形式[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K]
肯定：to do[来源:学科网]
否定：not to do
句法功能
主、宾、表、宾补、定、状等
动名词
形式
doing
句法功能
主、宾、表、定等
分词
现在分词
形式
doing
句法功能
定、表、状、宾等
过去分词
形式
done
句法功能
定、表、宾补等
考点归纳：
1. 不定式的句型：it’s +adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.；
2. 一些动词后跟不定式与动名词的区别；
3. 不定式的肯定和否定形式；
4. 使役动词后接不带to的不定式的用法；
5. 动名词作主语、宾语、定语的用法；
6. have sb. do sth和have sth done的区别：
……


考点归纳
【考点1】动词不定式
1. 动词不定式的形式
肯定式
to do
Tell the children to eat healthy food.
否定式
not to do
Tell the children not to eat unhealthy food.
【注】动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能用作谓语，其形式不随主语的人称、数和时态而变化。动词不定式可以有自己的宾语和逻辑主语等。
I want to buy a computer.
It’s important for us to learn English.

2. 动词不定式的句法功能
成分
用法
例句
主语
1) 位于句首，谓语动词用第三人称单数
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
2) 常用it作形式主语，把不定式放在后面
常见句型: It's+ adj. + of/for + sb. + to do sth.
[形容词是描述人的性格和品质方面时，用of;
形容词用于描述不定式动作时，用for]
It is a / one’s + n. (task / duty / job) + to do sth.
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.

It's extremely kind of you to come and meet me.
It's dangerous for you to drive so fast.
It’s my duty to save patients
表语
多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语
Her job is to clean the hall.
=To clean the hall is her job.
宾语
1) 作某些动词的宾语，如want, refuse, forget, afford, try, choose, agree, help, hope, decide等
Tom can't afford to buy a car at present.
2) 在find, think后作宾语时，常用it代替，作宾语的动词不定式后移
I find it easy to read English every day.
宾补
1) tell, ask, allow, would like, encourage, advise, remind等后跟动词不定式作宾补
She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class.
2) 一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel),二听(hear, listen),三让(let, make, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice),但被动要还原to
I saw him cross the road.
My friend were made to work the whole night by the boss.
定语
1) 不定式作定语一般放在被修饰词的后面
On the farm everyone has lots of work to do
2) 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的词是动宾关系，如果动词为不及物动词，后面须加上相应的介词
There is nothing to worry about.
I want a pen to write with.
He is looking for a room to live in.
3) 不定式修饰不定代词something, anything等时，放在它们的后面，如果不定代词也被形容词修饰，词序是“不定代词+形容词+不定式”
I had something cold to drink.
状语
表目的
He worked day and night to earn money.
表结果
The policemen searched the house only to find nothing.
表原因
They were very sad to hear the news.
独立成分
这种不定式独立与句子之外，表示说话者的态度、语气等,如to be honest, to begin with等
To tell you the truth, we don’t want to include you.

例题1：My parents often tell me too much junk food because it’s bad for my health.
A. not eating B. not to eat C. eating D. to eat
例题2：He hurried back home ____ his schoolbag.
A. fetched B. to fetch C. fetching D. fetches
例题3：Jack’s teacher asked him ________ off the lights after class.
A. turning B. turned C. to turn
例题4：— Why do we eat vegetables every day, Mum?
— ________ healthy, my dear.
A. To keep B. Keep C. Keeping D. Kept
例题5：When you move somewhere new, the first thing for you is to find a place________.
A. to live B. living in C. to live in
例题6：Even Tony’s granddaughter, a five-year-old girl, asked him ________ smoking.
A. give up B. gave up C. to give up D. giving up
例题7： It is important ______ people ______ good manners.
A. for; to learn B. of; to learn C. for; learn D. of; learn
例题8：—Let me help you carry the box, Granny.
—Thank you, Li Lei. It’s very nice ______ you ______ me.
A. of; to help B. for; to help C. of; helping D. for; helping
例题9：—It’s our duty ______ our city clean and beautiful.
—Yes. We should do something for it.
A. to keep B. keep C. keeping
例题10： At times, parents find it difficult ________ with their teenage children.
A. talk B. talked C. talking D. to talk

3. 动词不定式的常见搭配
1) 疑问词+不定式
可以作主、宾、表等，相当于名词性从句，因此常用这个结构把复合句改为简单句
Where to go is still a question.
The problem is where to find him.
I don’t know what to do next.
= I don’t know what I should do next.
2) too +adj.+ to do
太…而不能…
He is too young to go to school.
3) adj./ adv. +enough to do
足够…做…
He is not enough to go to school.

例题1：She’s not strong enough _______ walking up mountains.
A. to go B. going C. go D. went
例题2：— I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you?
— I haven’t decided where ________.
A. go B. went C. going D. to go

4. 动词不定式符号to的省略
1) 在“一感(feel),二听(hear, listen),三让(let, make, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice), 半帮助(help)”后作宾补的动词不定式可以省略to，但在被动语态中，必须带to。
I saw him go into the room just now.
= He was seen to go into the room just now.
The boss made my friend work the whole night.
=My friend were made to work the whole night by the boss.
2) would rather(not) do than do ; had better(not) do
We had better take some warm clothes.
3) why not do; can’t but do
Why not have a rest?
I can’t but walk to school.
4) 当两个或多个动词不定式并列时，第一个动词不定式加to，后面的动词不定式省略to
I want to visit him and ask for some help.



例题1：You look too tired. Why not __________a rest?
A. stop to have B. to stop having C. stop having
例题2：— Let’s play football on the playground.
— It’s too hot outside. I would rather ______ at home than ______ out.
A. to stay; go B. staying; going C. stay; to go D. stay; go
例题3：— What a heavy rain!
— So it is. I prefer________ rather than________ on such a rainy day.
A. to go out; stay at home B. to stay at home; go out
C. going out; stay at home D. staying at home ; go out
例题4：The boy is often heard__________ in the music room. He sings very well.
A. practice singing B. to practice singing C. practiced singing
例题5： What happens when you hear a strange noise at night, or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom? It often makes us ______.
A. jump B. to jump C. jumping D. jumped
例题6： If you see the cartoon film, you will ______ laugh.
A. be made B. be made to C. made to D. make

【考点2】动名词
1. 动名词的形式
肯定式
doing
Sleeping is good for our health.
否定式
not doing
I’m sorry for not having informed you of the meeting.


2. 动名词的句法功能
成分
用法
例句
主语
1) 动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数
Reading aloud is very helpful.
2) 有时可用it作形式主语，动名词后移
It’s useless arguing with him.
表语
多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语
His job is teaching English.
=Teaching English is his job.
宾语
1)作介词或由介词构成的动词短语的宾语，如be interested in; be used to; feel like; think of等
We are thinking of making a new plan.
2)作某些动词的宾语，如enjoy, practice, finish, mind, miss, suggest, imagine, consider等
They haven't finished building the dam.
定语
表示它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，置于修饰语之前
swimming pool 游泳池; reading room阅览室; walking stick手杖, , working people劳动人民等
【注】有些动词后面接动名词和接不定式作宾语是有差别的：
forget to do sth.忘记要做某事，forget doing sth.忘记做过某事;
mean to do sth.打算做某事，mean doing sth.意味着做某事;
regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事，regret doing sth.后悔做过某事;
stop to do sth.停下来做另外一件事，stop doing sth.停止做某事;
try to do sth.尽力做某事，try doing sth.试着做某事;
need to do 需要做某事(主语为人)，need doing=need to be done需要被做(主语为物)。

例题1：I hope everyone can care about ______ the environment and stop ______ things.
A. protecting; wasting B. protecting; to waste C. protect; wasting D. protect; to waste
例题2：Why not ______ your teacher for help when you can’t finish _______ the story by yourself.
A. to ask; write B. to ask; writing C. ask; writing D. asking; to write
例题3：Don’t throw away the waste paper. It needs______ so that it can be reused.
A. to destroy B. destroying C. to collect D. collecting
例题4： _______ honest is the first thing people should learn.
A. Being B. Look C. Be D. Become
例题5： — Dad, why must I stop ______ computer games?
— For your health, my boy.
A. play B. to play C. to playing D. playing
例题6：— I didn’t hear you come in just now.
— That’s good. We tried _______ any noise, for you were sleeping.
A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. making
例题7：Our English teacher often says to us, “ _______ English well is very important”.
A. Learn B. Learning C. Learned D. To learning

3. 动名词的常见搭配
1) there be+名词+doing
某处有某人或某物在做某事
There were some people rowing on the river.
2) prefer doing to doing
喜欢…胜过…
I prefer staying at home to going out.
3) No doing
禁止/不准做某事
No parking. 禁止停车。
4) would/ Do you mind doing
你介意做某事吗
Would you mind opening the window?
5) How/What about doing
做某事怎么样
What about having a picnic this Sunday?
6) sb. spend some time/ money (in) doing sth.
某人花费一些时间/金钱做某事
The boy spent twenty yuan buying a T-shirt.
7) 常见能接动名词的短语
be used to; look forward to; can’t help; stop…fro; be busy等
He was busy working when I came in.

例题1：He used to ______ in a small village, but now he has been used to______ in a big city.
A. live; living B. live; live C. living; living
例题2：Would you mind ________ the door? It’s quite windy outside.
A. close B. closing C. to close
例题3：— I feel stressed from time to time. Could you give me some advice?
— _______ sharing your worries with your parents?
A. Why don’t you B. How about C. Why not D. Would you like
例题4：— Would you like__________ camping with me?
— I’d like to. But I’m busy ________ my homework.
A. to go; to do B. to go; doing C. going; to do D. going; doing
例题5：— I’m looking forward to ________ my parents soon. What about you?
— Me too.
A. seeing B. see C. saw
例题6：The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand_________ to the rich land in the south of China.
A. move B. to move C. from moving


【考点3】分词
1. 概念
分词常常扮演形容词的角色，也有动词的性质。分词可以分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成，过去分词通常由“动词原形+ed”构成 (也有不规则变化)。
现在分词与过去分词对比

时间上
语态上
现在分词
表示动作正在进行 a developing country (发展中国家)
表示主动 the ruling class (统治阶级)
过去分词
表示动作已完成 a developed country(发达国家)
表示被动 the ruled class (被统治阶级)

2. 现在分词用法
用法
例句
1) 帮助构成现在进行时和过去进行时
He is reading an interesting book now.
2) 作定语：分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前;
分词短语作定语时，则放在所修饰的名词后
China is a developing country.
The woman standing behind the counter is my mother.
3) 作表语：表示主语的性质、特征或者状态
【注】动名词与现在分词作表语的区别：
现在分词作表语表示主语的性质和特征;
动名词作表语主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释
The play was interesting.
My job is teaching. (句中的teaching为动名词，是对主语内容的进一步说明) 我的工作是教书。
My job is interesting. (句中的interesting为形容词化的现在分词，表示主语的特征) 我的工作很有趣。
4) 作宾补：常作感官动词或使役动词的宾语补足语，表动作正在进行或动作的持续
【注】现在分词作宾补和动词不定式作宾补的区别：
现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行;
不定式作宾补表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作

Can you hear her singing a song in the next room?

I saw him going up the stairs.我看见他正在上楼。(“上楼”这个动作正在进行)
I saw him go up the stairs.我看见他上楼了。(“上楼”这个动作已经完成)
5) 作状语：分词的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致。
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.
例题1：Seeing their teacher _______ into the classroom, they stopped _______ at once.
A. walk; telling B. entering; to speak C. enter; to tell D. walking; talking
例题2： — “Who’s the boy in white T-shirt _______under the tree?”
— “My friend.”
A. stand B. to stand C. stood D. standing
例题3：When I walked past the park, I saw some old people ________ Chinese Taiji.
A. do B. did C. doing D. are doing
例题4：I found a letter ______ on the floor when I came into the classroom.
A. lying B. lay C. lie D. lies
例题5：He lost his key. It made him _______in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.
A. to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay

3. 过去分词的用法
1) 帮助构成现在完成时和过去完成时
I have already finished my homework.
2) 帮助构成被动语态
Now we are not allowed to touch it.
3) 作定语：(相当于一个被动语态的定语从句)
过去分词是单个单词时，一般用于名词前;
过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.
= Those who are elected as committee members will attend the meeting.
4) 作表语：常具有形容词的特征，表示主语的特征、状态或感情等
I was surprised at hearing him say so.
5) 作宾补：常作感官动词或使役动词的宾语补足语，表示被动、完成
I heard the song sung several times last week.
I have had my hair cut for two days.
6) 作状语：分词的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致
Seen from the tower, the city looks very beautiful.
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
【注】有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成，如：
boiled water(开水), fallen leaves(落叶), newly arrived goods(新到的货), the risen sun(升起的太阳)


例题1：He often drinks two cups of _______water when he comes back.
A. boiling B. boil C. boiled D. boils
例题2：He wants to have his TV ________.
A. repairing B. repaired C. to repair






基础演练
单项选择
一．各省中考题
1.【河南省中考】—Do you always get up so early?
—Yes, _________ the first bus. My home is far away from school.
A. catch B. to catch C. catching D. caught
2. 【黑龙江省哈尔滨市】Kids like reading stories which can make them _________.
A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing
3.【湖南省湘西州】—John, remember _________ off the lights when you leave the classroom.
—No problem！
A. turn B. turned C. to turn
4. 【湖南省湘西州】—How do you practice your spoken English, Andrew?
—By _________ English with my classmates.
A. to speak B. speaking C. speak
5. 【湖南省岳阳市】People enjoy _________ zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival.
A. eat B. eating C. to eat
6. 【江苏省南京市】—Do you have any plans for the holiday?
—Yes, I’m planning to travel to Jiuzhaigou. I’m looking forward to _________ the colourful lakes and amazing waterfalls.
A. see B. seeing C. sees D. saw
7. 【四川省凉山州】—Is it necessary _________ us _________ some photos before saving the old man?
—Yes, it is. We can protect ourselves if we do so.
A. of; taking B. for; taking C. of; to take D. for; to take
8. 【四川省自贡市】—My uncle is against wasting anything.
—No wonder he would rather _________ the old bike than _________ a new one.
A. repair; to buy B. to repair; buy C. repair; buy
9. 【天津市中考】The government is setting up nature parks _________ protect pandas.
A. to help B. help C. helped D. helps
10. 【贵州省安顺市】—What time do you get up in the morning on school days?
—I get up at 7:00 every morning to avoid _________ the early bus.
A. miss B. missed C. missing D. to miss
11. 【贵州省安顺市】—Mr. Wang, please speak loudly in the hall to make yourself _________ while _________ are there.
—Fine, thanks for telling me about that.
A. understood; others B. understand; other
C. understand; others D. understanding; other
12. 【四川省成都市】Smart phones _________ by Huawei are getting more and more popular around the world.
A. made B. making C. to make
13. 【甘肃省天水市】Hong Kong Disneyland is well worth _________.
A. to visit B. visited C. visit D. visiting
14. 【广西省柳州市】Lily enjoys _________ a film at the weekend
A. see B. to see C. seeing
15. 【广西省柳州市】He ran as fast as he could _________ the bus but he failed.
A. catch B. to catch C. caught
16. 【贵州省黔南黔西南黔东南三州】—Look! The light in your bedroom is still on.
—Sorry, I forgot _________.
A. to tum it off B. to turn it down
C. to turn it up D. to turn it on
17. 【吉林省中考】Michael visits many websites _________ about Chinese culture.
A. learn B. learned C. to lean
18. 【四川省广元市】My teacher doesn’t allow us _________ in the classroom.
A. eating B. to eat C. ate
19. 【黑龙江省大庆市】—Would you like _________ a film with us tonight?
—Sorry, I have to help my mother do housework.
A. see B. to see C. seeing D. to seeing


巩固提升
自主招生真题
1. —How do you like the film?
—Oh, wonderful. It’s worth__________ again.
A. to see B. seeing C. to be seen D. being seen
2. —Would you like to have__________ cakes?
—No, thanks. I don’t feel like__________ anything now.
A. any; eating B. some; to eat C. any; to eat D. some; eating
3. We must take effective measures to prevent traffic accidents from__________.
A. raising B. improving C. increasing D. decreasing
4. A young man is practicing__________ English with Mr. King on the train.
A. to speak B. saying C. to say D. speaking
5. The temperature in the area can reach as low as -15℃, __________ many plants to die.
A. causes B. caused C. causing D. to cause
6. I think you need to spend__________ time__________ and writing.
A. many; reading B. much; to read
C. many; to read D. much; reading
7. —Would you mind my__________ here? —__________.
A. smoking; Yes, please B. smoke; Not at all.
C. to smoke; Certainly D. smoking; Of course not.
8. —What’s the matter?
—I’m having trouble__________ who has taken my book.
A. finding B. looking for C. finding out D. looking up
9. I have been afraid of__________ alone since my father__________.
A. being; dead B. be; died C. being; die D. being; died
10. Seeing the sun__________ above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.
A. to rise B. rising C. to raise D. raising
11. Donald Trump’s decision of__________ the US out of the Paris Climate Change Agreement has caused a great concern around the world.
A. pulled B. pulling C. pull D. to pull
12. Do you mind my__________ the window?
A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened
13. It was__________ that a six-year-old boy did all he could__________ the lives of his family in the car accident.
A. amazed; to save B. amazing; saving C. amazed; save D. amazing; to save
14. When first__________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced C. to introduce D. being introduced
15. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, __________ away.
A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
16. The witness__________ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
A. questioned B. were questioned C. questioning D. have been questioned
17. The airport__________ next year will help promote tourism in this area.
A. will be completed B. completed C. to be completed D. was completed
18. When she got to school, she realized she had her sports shoes__________ at home.
A. got B. forgotten C. thrown D. left
19. I am calling to enquire about the position__________ in yesterday’s China Daily.
A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised
20. __________ at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked
21. __________ the pancake, you need two eggs, 500g flour and 100g sugar.
A. Making B. To make C. Make D. Made
22. Dancing is something__________ all barriers, that’s why it can be understood by everyone without__________ a word.
A. with; saying B. crosses; say C. crossing; saying D. without; say
23. Little Tom spends two hours__________ computer games so his eyesight is bad.
A. playing B. play C. played D. plays
24. The students were very__________ when they saw the famous players in the game.
A. exciting B. disappointed C. disappointing D. excited
25. When I walked past the park, I saw some old people__________ Chinese Taiji.
A. do B. did C. doing D. done
26. __________ life in Britain with life in the States, I searched the Internet about the cultures of these two countries.
A. Compared B. Comparing C. To compare D. Having compared
27. —How do you find Iron Man?
—Not bad, but to tell the truth, I can’t stand__________ so much violence（暴力）.
A. watching B. to watch C. watch D. to watching
28. You can hardly imagine how much difficulty we will have__________ the College Entrance Examination.
A. prepared for B. to prepare for C. preparing for D. made preparation for
29. Joe has received an offer__________ to study in an American high school.
A. to be invited B. being invited C. invited D. inviting him
30. —Where has Luee gone?
—Probably she has gone to repair her bike. I remember__________ her __________ her bike needed__________ .
A. to hear; say; to repair B. hearing; saying; repair
C. hearing; say; repairing D. to hear; saying; to be repaired
31. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and customers?
—The key__________ the problem is to meet the demand__________ by the customers.
A. to solving; making B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making D. to solve; made
32. I called your teacher, Mr. Qu this morning. From his__________ voice, I have to say that you are really__________.
A. disappointing; disappointing B. disappointed; disappointed
C. disappointing; disappointed D. disappointed; disappointing
33. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words__________ in daily conversations.
A. using B. to use C. having used D. used
34. I __________ in the morning, but now I __________ before going to bed.
A. was used to read; use to read B. used to reading; am used to read
C. used to read; am used to reading
35. __________ the early train, we got up early this morning and took a taxi to the station.
A. Catching B. Caught C. Catch D. To catch