中考英语专题4：数词


专题四 数词



教学目标

1. 掌握基数词的构成方式，用法及读法；
2. 掌握序数词的构成方式，用法及与定冠词the的关系；[来源:学科网]
3. 掌握数词的其他常用表达法；
4. 准确完成数词的相关练习。

数词专题

考情分析
数词是用来表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。除基数词和序数词外，和数词相关的还有分数、小数、倍数、百分数等。各地中考试题中有关数词的考点，主要集中在基数词、序数词及分数上。包括基数词的读法、序数词的形式、基数词与所修饰的复数名词之间的关系、整百和整千（百万、十亿）等数词的用法、数词与名词和形容词组成复合形容词的形式等。近几年的中考试题中基数词与序数词有隔年考察的趋势。

自我测试
( )1. There are ___ days in a year.
A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five
C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five
( )2.Every year, _________books are given away to the poor children in the countryside.
A. thousand B. thousands of C. thousand of
( )3. There are two___ people in the meeting room.
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of
( )4.My brother is in____.
A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One
C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one
( )5.–Which month of the year do you like best?
- July, the _________ month, because summer vacation begin in this month.
A. seven B. six C. seventh D. sixth
( )6.Our country is nearly_______years old. We'll celebrate its_________birthday on October 1, 2019 around the country.
A. seventy, seventy B. seventy, seventieth C. seventieth, seventy D. seventieth, seventieth
( )7. Autumn is _____ season in a year.
A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. the threeth
( )8. The girl wanted to sing____ song in English.
A. the others B. a second C. other D. the second
( )9.Nowadays, _________ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about _________ of them are adults.
A. the number of, four-fifths B. a number of, four-fifth
C. a number of, four-fifths D. the number of, four-five
( )10._____of the world's books and newspapers are written in English.
A. Three quarters B. Three quarter C. Thirds four D. Threes fourth
( )11. -Do you know his birthday，Eric？
-Not exactly. I just know he was born ___________
A. On July B. in the 1980s C. On July,1980
( )12. Every day he begins to do his homework _______.
A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass ten C. on ten past seventh D. until ten



知识梳理









考点归纳
【考点1】基数词
1. 基数词的构成方式
表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。它的构成方式如下：
1---one
13---thirteen
20---twenty
100---a / one hundred
2---two
14---fourteen
21---twenty-one
101---one hundred and one
3---three
15---fifteen
22---twenty-two
110---one hundred and ten
4---four
16---sixteen
23---twenty-three
156---one hundred and fifty-six
5---five
17---seventeen
30---thirty
1,000---a / one thousand
6---six
18---eighteen
40---forty
3,895---three thousand, eighty hundred and ninety-five
7---seven
19---nineteen
50---fifty
1,000,000---a / one million
8---eight

60---sixty
1,000,000,000---a / one billion
9---nine

70---seventy

10---ten

80---eighty

11---eleven

90---ninety

12---twelve



我们可以得出下面的规律：
①. 1-12为独立的单词，有其各自的形式；
②. 13-19都以teen结尾，单词中的两个音节都读重音；
③. 20-90之间“整十”都以-ty结尾，单词中的第一个音节重读；
④. 20-99之间的“几十几”，十位和个位之间加连字符“-”；
⑤. 101-999之间的非整百的基数词的读法为：百位数和十位数（或个位数）之间用and连接；
⑥. 四位数或四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律为：用逗号从右向左每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号前用thousand，第二个逗号前用million，第三个逗号前用billion；读数时从左向右一次读出来。
如：3, 728, 221, 969可读为 three billion, seven hundred and twenty-eight million, two hundred and twenty-one thousand, nine hundred and sixty-nine
基数词的构成口诀：1至12独立词，13至19-teen加起，20至90整十位，-ty结尾是后缀。几十几，连字符“-”莫忘记。几百几，hundred后面and立。
例题：用英文读出并写出下列数字：
107 __________ 25, 302 __________
3, 227, 346 __________ 7, 201, 750, 110 __________

2. 基数词的用法
(1). 表示数量的多少、号码的大小等。
如：There are two playgrounds in our school. 我们学校有两个操场。
—What size do you need? 你要多大号码的？
—Size five. 五号。

例题：There are twelve boys and thirteen girls in Class Four，which means________ students in total.
A. 33 B. 25 C. 13 D. 12

(2). 表示年份、年龄或时刻。
如：The little boy was born in 1995. 这个男孩出生于1995年。
My grandma is eighty years old. 我奶奶呢80岁了。
—What time is it now? 现在几点了？[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K]
—It’s about nine o’clock. 大约9点。
注意：表达“在几十年代”时，用“in the + 几十的基数词的复数形式”；表达“在某人几十岁时”，用“in one’s +几十的基数词的复数形式”。
如：In his twenties my uncle went to France. 我叔叔在他二十多岁时去了法国。
In the 1900s, Mr. Wang worked in a factory. 二十世纪九十年代，王先生在一家工厂上班。
例题：Today is Jack’s birthday. He is_______ years old.
A. fourteenth B. fourteen C. the fourteenth D. the fourteen

(3). 表示顺序。
基数词表示顺序时，由“单数名词+基数词”构成，此时名词和基数词的第一个字母通常大写。
如：—What class are you in this term? 这学期你在哪个班？
—I’m in Class One Grade Three. 我在三年级一班。
例题：（广东）Please turn to page ______ and take a look at the picture on it.
A. the eightieth B. eightieth C. eighties D. eighty

(4). “another + 基数词 + 名词”或“基数词 + more + 名词”表示在已有基础上再增加一定的数量。
如：In another two weeks, it will be finished. 再过两个星期，这活就完成了。
例题：（山东菏泽）—Do you have enough students to clean the laboratory?
—No, I think we need _____ students.
A. two more B. more two C. two other D. two another

3. hundred, thousand, million, billion的特殊用法
(1). hundred, thousand等数词，其前有具体数字修饰，表示具体的数目时，用单数。
如：The boy has collected two thousand stamps. 这个男孩已经收集了两千张邮票。
例题：（淮安）More than two _____ trees are planted in our neighborhood every year.
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of

(2). 当hundred, thousand等与“of + 复数名词”连用时，表示模糊概念，这时hundred, thousand等要用复数形式。
如：Every year, there are hundreds of people visiting the place of interest. 每年有成百上千人参观这处名胜。
例题：（黄冈）—The 15th Chinese Bridge-Chinese Proficiency Competition will be held this year!
—That's great!_______ foreign college students are interested in Chinese learning.
A. Hundred of B. Thousands C. Hundred D. Thousands of

【考点2】序数词
1. 序数词的构成方式
基数词变序数词的规律：
序数词大都是由基数词变化而来的。其构成形式如下：
基数词的形式
变序数词的规则
举例
一般
在基数词后加-th
four - fourth
以-t结尾
在基数词后加-h
eight – eighth
以-e结尾
去e再加-th
nine – ninth
以-ve结尾
改ve为f，再加-th
five – fifth
以-ty结尾的整十数
改y为ie，再加-th
twenty – twentieth
20以上的两位数
只变个位数
thirty-two – thirty-second
基数词变序数词口诀：基数变序数，th来帮助。1/2/3，特殊记；8少t，9去e；y结尾改ie；ve要用f替；five, twelve是两兄弟；遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。
注意：序数词在实际书写运用时，常用缩写形式，缩写形式为“阿拉伯数字 + 序数词最后面的两个字母”。
如：first – 1st; seventeenth – 17th; twenty-second – 22nd; thirty-third – 33rd
例题：把下列基数词变为序数词：
three _____ five _____ eight _____ nine _____ twelve _____
fourteen __________ twenty-one __________ thirty-four __________

2. 序数词的用法
(1). 表示顺序。序数词表示顺序时，其前需用定冠词the，后面接单数名词。
如：February is the second month of the year. 二月是一年中的第二个月。
1.［青岛改编］My father gave me a bike on my_______ birthday.[来源:学科网]
A. eleven B. an eleven C. the eleventh D. eleventh

2.［广东］Two months ago, China tested its_______ aircraft（航空母舰）built completely on its own.
A. one B. first C. the one D. the first

(2). 表示日期中的“日”。
如：Monday, February 2nd 2月2号，星期一
(3). 序数词前也可用不定冠词a / an，表示“再……，又……”。
如：I’ve tried twice, but I’ll try a third time. 我已试过两次了，但我将再试一次。
例题：（四川自贡）—I hear your friend is visiting Sanya again. Is it the second time for him?
—Yes, and he will come for _____ time next spring.
A. a third B. a second C. the third

3. 序数词与定冠词the
序数词前面要加定冠词the来表达顺序，但在下面的情况下，不加the：
(1). 当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时，序数词前不用the。
如：This is our first lesson this term. 这是我们这一学期的第一节课。
例题：（天津）Li Ming will be _____. His parents are going to have a party for his _____ birthday.
A. sixteen; sixteenth B. sixteenth; sixteenth C. sixteen; sixteen D. sixteenth; sixteen

(2). 表达“又一，再一”时，序数词前不用the。但可加不定冠词。
如：Please give me a second chance. 请再给我一次机会。
例题：（齐齐哈尔）He has failed _____ times, but he won't give up a _____ chance.
A. third, four B. three, fourth C. third, fourth


【考点3】数词的其他常用表达法
1. 分数的表达法
用数词表达分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；如果分子大于1，分母用复数。
如：Only one-fifth of air consists of oxygen. 氧气只占空气的五分之一。
注意：“四分之一”常表示为a quarter；“四分之三”表示为“three quarters”；“二分之一”表示为“a half”。如：I will take three quarters of the tea away. 我要拿走这茶叶的四分之三。
例题：（兰州）_____ of the students in Class 6 have lunch at school.
A. Two fifth B. One thirds C. Three fifth D. Three quarters


2. 时间的表达法
(1). 表示“几点钟”用基数词加o’clock，但o’clock常可以省略。
如：The boy usually gets up at five o’clock. 这个男孩通常五点钟起床。
(2). 表示“几点过几分”用past，但分钟数必须在1分钟到29分钟之间。
如：At ten past nine, we begin our second lesson. 9点10分，我们开始上第二节课。
(3). 表示“差几分几点”用介词to，但分钟数必须在31分钟到59分钟之间。
如：They arrived in Guiyang at a quarter to seven yesterday morning. 昨天早晨6点45分他们到达了贵阳。
注意：1. minute（分）与o’clock一样，通常可以省略。
如：—What time will the next train leave? 下一班火车什么时候开？
—At eight nineteen. 8点19分。
2. 日常生活中读时间表，常把读法简化，直接按照数字的顺序读。
如：7:05 seven 0 five 3:30 three thirty

3. 编号的表达法
(1). 单纯的序号，可在基数词前加number，简写为No.。
如：No. 2 第2
(2). 大序号通常只用“名词+数词”。
如：Room 305 第305号房间 Page 126 第126页
(3). 电话号码、汽车号码等的编号。
这些编号要用阿拉伯数字。朗读时，若是遇到0，既能读作字母O音，也可读作zero（零）；两个相同的数字在一起时，还可读作double。
如：Tel: 4885207 读作 four, double eight, five, two, zero, seven

4. 约数的表达法
英语中除了用hundreds of, thousands of等表达“约数”外，还有以下几种表达法：
(1). “大约”用about, nearly, around等。
如：The dog weighs about 80 pounds. 这条狗约80磅重。
(2). “多于”“超过”用over, more than。
如：Answer these questions in not more than / over 45 words. 回答下列问题，不要超过45个单词。
(3). “不超过”“少于”用less than, below。
如：She is less than twenty years old. 她不到20岁。
(4). “左右”用or so表达。
如：In the past fifty years or so, scientists have been able to see farther and farther into the sky.
在过去50年左右的时间里，科学家已经能够观察到越来越远的太空。
(5). “.…..或者……以上”用…or more表示。
The hall can hold 1,000 people or more. 大厅可容纳1000人或者更多。
(6). “.…..或者……以下”用…or less表示。
如：There are 2,000 students or less in our school. 我们学校有2000或将近2000名学生。


5. 倍数的表达法
表示甲是乙的几倍时，常用下面的三种方法：
(1). A + 动词 + 倍数 + 比较级 + than B
(2). A + 动词 + 倍数 + as + 原级 + as B
(3). A + 动词 + 倍数 + the + 相应的名词 + of B
例如：这根绳子是那根的3倍长。
This rope is twice loner than that one.
This rope is three times as long as that one.
This rope is three times the length of that one.

6. 数词的复数形式
可数名词有复数形式，数词也有复数。数词的复数主要用于以下几种情况。
(1). 表示某人几十岁时。10，20，90等表示整十的数词变成复数形式，用在“in one’s + 整十数词复数”的短语中，意为“在某人几十岁时”。
如：Marx began to learn Russian in his fifties. 马克思在五十几岁时开始学习俄语。
(2). 表示几十年代时。10，20，90等表示整十的数词变成复数形式，用在“in the + 整十数词复数”的短语中，意为“在……年代”。
如：The family moved to France in the 1950s. 这家人20世纪50年代搬到了法国。
(3). 表示不确切的数目时。hundred, thousand, million, billion后加-s和of连用，表示“成百的，成千上万的……”。
如：Thousands of people visit the Great Wall every year. 每年有成千上万的人参观长城。
1.［龙东地区］_______ of the students in our class_______ going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.
A. Two fifths; are B. Second fifths; are
C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifth; is

2.［鄂州］—How old is your son?
—________. We had a special party for his________ birthday yesterday.
A. Nine, nine B. Ninth, nine C.Nine, the ninth D. Nine, ninth[来源:学

(4). 数词仅被当成个体名词看待时。
如：The number has five threes. 这个数字中有5个3。
(5). 在表达分数时。当分子大于1时，分母用序数词的复数形式。
如：three fifths 五分之三
例题：（黑龙江）About ______ of the land ______ covered with trees and grass.
A. three fifths; is B. three fifths; are C. three fifth; are








基础演练
一、用英文读出并写出下列数字。
1. 72 __________ 2. 103 __________
3. 1,720 __________ 4. 11,845 __________
5. 6,538,005 __________ 6. 512 __________
7. 54,000 __________ 8. 1,107,321,003 __________

二、将下列基数词变为序数词。
1. one __________ 2. two __________
3. three __________ 4. four __________
5. eight __________ 6. twelve __________
7. twenty-five __________ 8. thirty __________

三、单项选择。
( )1.Wu Dajiang, a _________Chinese skater, set a new world record at the Short Track World Cup last year.
A. 25-years-old B. 25 year old C. 25-year-old D. 25 years old
( )2.Sweet wormwood(青蒿)is a common plant in China and Tu Youyou is the woman _________used the special power of the plant to save __________lives.
A. which, millions of B. who, millions of C. whose, million of D. who, million of
( )3.We are proud of our country. The year 2019 is her ____ birthday.
A. seventy B. the seventy C. the seventieth D. seventieth
( )4.——How many books are there on the shelf？
——Well. I think there are _____ books.
A. two hundred and forty-six B. two hundreds and forty C. two hundred fourteen
( )5.There are 24 solar terms in a year. Grain Rain often starts in April, the _______ month of the year.
A. Third B. fourth C. fifth
( )6.Please pass me_________ book on the right.
A. four B. fourth C. the four D. the fourth
( )7.On my ________ birthday, I got a new schoolbag as a gift from my parents.
A. nine B. ninth C. the ninth
( )8.There are ______ people in Dale’s family. They live on the ______floor.
A. five; nine B. fifth; nine C. five; ninth D. fifth; ninth
( )9. ____ students in our class _____ going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.
A. Two fifths; is B. Second fifths; are C. Second fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
( )10.September is the _____month of a year.
A. seventh B. eighth C. ninth D. tenth
( )11.﹣___is the population of China，Jack？
﹣Let me think for a moment, it is about___．
A. How many；1，400 million B. What；1，400 million
C. What；140 million D. How many；140 million
( )12.— Is Dongjin High-speed Railway Station the ______ largest in Hubei Province?
— Yes, of course. It’s just a little smaller than the largest one in Wuhan.
A. first B. second C. third D. fourth
( )13.Our country is 70 years old this year. We will celebrate her _____ birthday on Oct.
A. the seventieth B. seventieth C. the seventy D. seventy
( )14. ________ volunteers will be needed for 2020 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
A. Two thousand of B. Two thousands of C. Thousand of D. Thousands of
( )15.________ of people from all over the world visit the Palace Museum every year.
A. Two million B. Millions C. Two millions D. Million
( )16.—You look tired today!
—You know we have too much homework to do every day. ________ of the students in our class don’t have enough sleep.
A. Two third B. Two thirds C. Second three D. Two three
( )17.-- Dad, about ________ of our classmates wear glasses.
-- Oh, that's terrible. You all should take good care of your eyes.
A. three fourth B. third fourth C. third fourths D. three quarters

巩固提升
一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Tom’s mom gave him a nice gift on his _____ (nine) birthday.
2. —What’s the date today?
—It’s September the _____ (thirty).
3. Mr. Wu asked his students to turn to the _________ (fifty-eight) page.
4. He opened up his own company in his ________ (thirty).
5. How happily we are living in the ________ (twenty-one) century.

自主招生题
( )1. Don't shout at her. She is just_________ little girl.
A. an eight-year-old B. an eight-years-old C.a eight-years-old D. eight years old
( )2.---Excuse me，is the Palace Museum near here？
---Oh，yes.It's just________.
A.fifteen minute's walk B.fifteen minutes walk C.fifteen minutes' walks D.fifteen minutes' walk
( )3. We planted___________they had planted the year before.
A. trees 3 times so many as B.3 times as many trees as
C. as many as trees 3 times D.3 times trees as many as
( )4. Our school is so famous that _______people come and visit it every term.
A. five hundreds B. hundred of C. hundreds of D. five hundred of