新疆和硕县第二中学2021-2022学年七年级上学期期末考试数学试题（word版 含答案）

这是一份新疆和硕县第二中学2021-2022学年七年级上学期期末考试数学试题（word版 含答案），共5页。试卷主要包含了请将答案正确填写在答题卡上，下列运算中，正确的是，，其中x＝﹣2，y＝1等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2021-2022学年第一学期期末考试试卷七年级数学（问卷）注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上   评卷人得分  一、选择题（本题共8小题，每小题4分，共32分）1．在﹣（﹣2），1，0，﹣1这四个数中，负数是（　　）A．﹣（﹣2） B．1 C．0 D．﹣12．据统计，2021年和硕县人口总数约为5.8万人．将数据5.8万用科学记数法表示为（　　）A．58×104 B．5.8×104 C．0.58×103 D．5.8×1053．某几何体从三个方向看到的平面图形都相同，这个几何体是（　　）A．       B．        C．     D．4．下列运算中，正确的是（　　）A．2a2+3a3＝5a5 B．3x+3y＝6xy C．3mn﹣3nm＝0 D．7x﹣5x＝25．若x＝﹣1是关于x的方程2x+m＝1的解，则m+1的值是（　　）A．4 B．2 C．﹣2 D．﹣16．将“祝你考试成功”这六个字分别写在一个正方体的六个面上．若这个正方体的展开图如图所示，则在这个正方体中，与“你”字相对的字是（　　）A．考            B．试            C．成            D．功    7．一艘轮船从A港顺流行驶到B港，比它从B港逆流行驶到A港少用3小时，若船在静水中的速度为26千米/时，水流的速度为2千米/时，求A港和B港相距多少千米．设A港和B港相距x千米．根据题意，可列出的方程是（　　）A． B．C． D．8．若21＝2，22＝4，23＝8，24＝16，25＝32…，则22022的末位数字是（　　）A．2 B．4 C．8 D．6 评卷人得分  二、填空题（本题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分） 9．要把一根细木条固定在墙上，至少需要钉两个钉子，其中蕴含的数学道理是　         　       ．10．如图所示，一副三角板（直角顶点重合）摆放在桌面上，若∠AOC＝125°，则∠BOD＝　    　．                                                          11．如图所示是计算机某计算程序，若开始输入x=2，则最后输出的结果是               ． 12．代数式3x﹣8与3互为相反数，则x＝　       ．13．若| b﹣2 | +（a+3）2＝0，则（a + b）2022的值为 　   　．14．某种商品的标价为120元，若以九折降价出售，仍可获利20%，设该商品的进货价为x元，可列方程为 　               　    ．  三、解答题（本题共7小题，共50分）15．计算（共2小题，每小题4分，共8分）（1）（﹣12）﹣（﹣20）+（﹣8）﹣15         （2）（﹣1）4  + 16 ÷（﹣2）3﹣| 1﹣3 |   16．解方程（共2小题，每小题5分，共10分） （1）6x﹣7 ＝ 4x﹣5                          （2） ＝ 1﹣     17．（6分）先化简，再求值：4xy﹣（2x2+5xy﹣y2）+2（x2+3xy），其中x＝﹣2，y＝1．      18．（6分）如图，线段AB＝8cm，C是线段AB上一点，AC＝3.2cm，M是AB的中点，N是AC的中点，求线段MN的长．        19．（6分）如图，已知∠AOB＝90°，∠BOC＝60°，OD平分∠AOC．求∠BOD的度数．        20．（7分）和硕县家庭用水收取水费规定如下：若每年每户用水不超过144立方米，每立方米水价按1.8元收费；若超过144立方米，其中没超过144立方米的部分仍按每立方米1.8元收费，超过144立方米的部分按每立方米2.7元收费．（1）若小龙家2021年用水148立方米，应交水费多少元？（2）若小龙家2020年的水费平均每立方米2.1元，那么他家这一年共用了多少立方米的水？     21．（7分）如图，M是线段AB上一点，且AB＝10cm，C，D两点分别从M，B同时出发，以1cm/s、3cm/s的速度沿直线BA向左运动，运动方向如箭头所示（C在线段AM上，D在线段BM上）．（1）当点C，D运动了2s，求这时AC + MD的值．（2）若点C，D运动时，总有MD ＝3AC，求AM的长．   
2021-2022学年第一学期期末考试试卷七年级数学答案一、选择题（本题共8小题，每小题4分，共32分）题号12345678答案DBCCABAB二、填空题（本题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分）9． 两点确定一条直线         10． 55°         11． 22   12．                         13.  1             14． 120×0.9 - x = 20%x三、解答题（本题共7小题，共50分）15．计算（共2小题，每小题4分，共8分）（1）解：原式= -12 + 20 - 8 -15··············································1分                            =﹣15·······················································4分（2）解：原式= 1 + 16 ÷（-8）-2···········································1分             =1+（﹣2）﹣2···············································2分             =﹣3························································4分16．解方程（共2小题，每小题5分，共10分）（1）解：移项，得  6x﹣4x=﹣5+7·······································2分合并同类项，得  2x＝2·········································4分系数化为1，得  x＝1··········································5分（2）解：去分母，得  2（4x﹣1）＝ 6﹣（3x﹣1）························1分去括号，得  8x﹣2＝6﹣3x+1··································2分 移项，得 8x+3x＝6+1+2······································3分合并同类项，得 11x＝9·······································4分系数化为1，得 x＝   ·······································5分17．先化简，再求值（6分）解：原式= 4xy - 2x2 - 5xy + y2 + 2x2 + 6xy·····································2分=5xy + y2························································4分当x＝﹣2，y＝1时原式 = 5×（﹣2）×1 + 12··········································5分=﹣9····························································6分18．解：∵M是AB的中点，AB＝8cm，∴AM＝BM＝4cm····················································2分∵N是AC的中点，AC＝3.2cm，∴AN＝CN＝1.6cm····················································4分∴MN＝AM﹣AN＝4﹣1.6＝2.4cm························································6分19．解：∵∠AOB＝90°，∠BOC＝60°，∴∠AOC＝∠AOB+∠BOC＝150°······································2分∵OD平分∠AOC，∴∠AOD＝   ∠AOC＝75°···········································4分∴∠BOD＝∠AOB﹣∠AOD＝15°·····································6分20．（1）解：144×1.8 + 2.7×（148－144）······································1分=259.2+10.8=270（元）·····················································2分答：小龙家2021年应交水费270元.·······································3分（2）解：设小龙家2020年共用了x立方米的水································4分列方程得：  2.1x = 144×1.8+2.7（x－144）       解得      x=216····················································6分答：小龙家2020年共用了216立方米的水.·································7分21．（1）解：当点C，D运动了2s时，CM＝2 cm，BD＝6 cm，···················1分∵AB＝10cm，CM＝2cm，BD＝6cm，∴AC+MD＝AB﹣CM﹣BD＝10﹣2﹣6＝2 cm；························3分（2）解：∵C，D两点的速度分别为1cm/s，3 cm/s，∴BD＝3CM．····················································4分又∵MD＝3AC，∴BD+MD＝3CM+3AC，即BM＝3AM，······························6分∴AM＝   AB＝2.5cm．············································7分