语法总复习定语从句课件-2022届高三英语二轮专题

这是一份语法总复习定语从句课件-2022届高三英语二轮专题，共58页。

[考纲解读·定方向]
定语从句是高考考查的重点，也是必考点之一，语法填空主要考查关系代词、关系副词的选用，故分清句子结构，搞清定语从句部分缺少何种成分至关重要。1. 语法填空考查形式均为无提示词型填空。2. 短文改错主要考查引导词的误用。3. 定语从句的重要性还体现在书面表达上，它属于高级句式，对提升文章的档次起着举足轻重的作用。
定语从句的概念
定 1. He is a handsme man and I never get him frever. 主 系 表 He is a handsme man that I never get frever. 主 系 表 定 2. Yu are the mst beautiful girl. Yu are the mst beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
1．定语从句在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。The by wh is reading needs the pen which yu bught yesterday. 2．先行词被定语从句所修饰的词或句子叫先行词，作先行词的可以是：一个词(通常是名词，也可以是代词)This is the place which is wrth visiting.He laughs best wh laughs last.
3．关系词引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：代指先行词，引导定语从句，在从句中充当句子成分。Beijing, which is the capital city f China, is a very beautiful city.4．先行词与关系词的关系(1)关系代词wh, that, which实际上是先行词的替代词A plane is a machine that can fly.(that＝a machine)The by wh brke the windw is called Tm.(wh＝the by)(2)关系代词whse实际上是先行词的所有格The by whse parents were dead was brught up by his grandfather.(whse＝the by's)(3)关系副词实际上是“介词＋先行词”The schl where I study is far frm my hme. (where＝in the schl)
判断定语从句：I knw that he is an intelligent and hard­wrking by.That he passed the driving test made us very happy.This is the card which/that I’ve just received.
翻译句子：1.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。_______________________________________________________________2.她再婚了，这是始料未及的。_______________________________________________________________
关系代词：that、which、wh、whm、whse、as关系副词：when、where、why
阅读下面句子并说明引导词指代什么并说出其在定语从句中所做的成分。1.The peple wh called yesterday want t buy the authr(whm)yu criticized has written a letter in yu knw the girl whse father is a dctr?4.The persn that yu talked abut just nw is Mr is a game which is liked by mst was late fr wrk again this mrning，which made the bss is knwn t all，China is the biggest develping cuntry in the wrld.
用法区别(一)关系代词that与which的用法区别1、 只用that的情况(1) I can still remember the teacher and his lessns that give me a mst lasting impressin.(2) The first place that they visited in Lndn was the Big Ben.This is the mst interesting film that I have seen.(3)Have yu taken dwn everything that Mr. Li said?(4)Wh is the man that is standing there?They secretly built a small factry，which prduced things that culd cause pllutin.
总结：(1)当先行词既有人也有物时。(2)先行词前有序数词，the nly，the last，the very(恰恰，正好，any，few，little，n，all或有形容词的最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词的最高级时。(3)当先行词是不定代词，或先行词被不定代词修饰时。all、everything、smething、anything、nthing、nne、the ne等。(4)当主句是以which或wh开头的疑问句，或有一个定语从句已经由which引导时。
2、只用which的情况(1) This is the schl in which I studied 10 years ag.(2) The meeting was put ff，which was actually what we wanted.总结：(1)“介词＋关系代词”结构中指物的关系代词只能用which(指人时用whm)。(2)在非限制性定语从句中指物的关系代词只能用which。
[实例体验一]1．(2018·天津卷)Kate，________sister I shared a rm with when we were at cllege，has gne t wrk in Australia.2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment started a sil­testing prgram ____________ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah，____________has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels，wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.
4．(2017·北京卷)The little prblems____________we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.5．(四川卷)The bks n the desk，____________ cvers are shiny，are prizes fr us.
二. 限制性和非限制性 1．限制性定语从句它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。D yu knw the girl wh just came in?Shanghai is a city (that)I've always wanted t visit.The time when I first met Mr. White was a very difficult perid f my life.2．非限制性定语从句它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。The ld wman, wh lives n her wn, has a cat fr cmpany.Beijing, which is the capital city f China, is a very beautiful city.as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别当先行词不是主句中的某个词而是整个主句时，关系代词用which或as，但二者的用法也有区别。（1）位置区别 which引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后，而as引导的从句可在主句前、主句后，也可以在主句中间。 I failed again in the match，which was a great pity.As we had expected，he ppsed the plan.
（2）意思区别 which通常意为“这；这一点”，as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，意为“正如”。 He sld his bicycle，which surprised me.As we knw，smking is harmful t ur health.＝Smking is harmful t ur health，as we knw.
（3）which引导的此类定语从句，与前面的主句往往存在着“因果”逻辑关系，主句为“因”，which引导的定语从句表示“果”。 Jim is addicted t cmputer games，which upsets his parents very much.
[名师指津]　当非限制性定语从句的谓语为被动式谓语时，常用as引导。The air quality in the city，as is shwn in the reprt，has imprved ver the past tw mnths.
[实例体验二]1．(2017·天津卷)My eldest sn，____________wrk takes him all ver the wrld，is in New Yrk at the mment.2．(江苏卷)The number f smkers, ____________ is reprted, has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.
I still remember the day when(n which)I first came t this schl.This is the small village where(in which)he was brn.The reasn why(fr which)he refused the invitatin is nt clear.
[实例体验三]1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid­1980s，________ I was the first Western TV ．(天津卷)The bss f the cmpany is trying t create an easy atmsphere ____________ his emplyees enjy their wrk.3．(2019·青岛二模)The reasn ____________ we have t grw trees is that they can supply fresh air fr us.
四. 介词+关系代词1.He was generus with his time,fr which I was grateful.(be grateful fr)2.He was the man n whm yu can depend.(depend n)3.This is the factry in which he has written a bk whse name I’ve frgtten. whse+n=n+f+which= He has written a bk the name f which I’ve frgtten.知识是我们借以实现梦想的翅膀。(with表示用某种手段、工具)
“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句的2个考查点 (1)考查该结构中关系代词的选用若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whm，指物时常用which。 (2)考查该结构中介词的选用一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词和介词的搭配习惯；从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯；D yu knw the girl with/t whm the teacher talked just nw？(talk作“交谈”讲时，常与with或t搭配)句子意思表达的需要。Knwledge is the wings with which we realize ur dreams.
2．“介词＋which＋名词”结构引导的定语从句。常见的这类结构有：during which time在此期间　at which time在这时at which pint在这一时刻 fr which reasn由于这个原因in which case在这一情况下Mther is preparing lunch, during which time children are playing utside.妈妈在准备午餐，在此期间，孩子们在外面玩。The newly­built gym, the walls f _______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place fr us, especially after hard study.新建成的体育馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说真是一个安静的去处，特别是在刻苦学习后。He has ten cusins, the yungest f ______ is very clever.他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。
[实例体验四]1．(2017·江苏卷)In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme，ne f ____________ purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.2．(浙江卷)Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears，nne f ____________ has been prved.3．(江苏卷)Many yung peple，mst f ____________ were well­educated，headed fr
1．(2017·江苏高考改编)In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f ________ purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.2．(2016·6月浙江高考改编)Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f ______ has been prved.3．(2015·安徽高考改编)Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn ________schl educatin depends.4．(2015·重庆高考)He wrte many children's bks, nearly half f ________ were published in the 1990s.5．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They als had a small pnd which they raised fish.________________
[实例体验五]1．(全国卷Ⅰ)Maybe yu have a habit ____________ is driving yur family crazy.2．(2019·河南、河北七所名校联考)The shelter，____________ is designed fr the thusands f traders and shppers at Bangkk's night market，has becme an attractin itself.
[典例1](2018·浙江卷6月)Many westerners ____________ cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.[典例2](2018·江苏卷)Self­driving is an area____________China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line.[典例3]①They live in a small huse，in frnt f ____________ stands an range tree.②They live in a small huse，and in frnt f ____________ stands an range tree.[典例4]①The ld man has three sns，nne f ____________ is a dctr.②The ld man has three sns，but nne f ____________ is a dctr.