语法填空40分钟专练04 冲刺2022年高考英语阅读理解名校模拟题重组练

冲刺2022年高考 语法填空专训（四）

谓语非谓语　妙法应对　玩转百变动词

动词是历年高考的必考点，对动词有关知识的掌握是考生在语法填空中得高分的关键。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语形式的变化(如时态、语态和主谓一致及虚拟语气)、非谓语形式的变化(如不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词)及词性转换。

第一节　谓语动词(时态、语态与主谓一致)

如何判断填谓语动词

解题攻略

•第一步：确定是否作谓语

首先，分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。

•第二步： 若填谓语动词， 就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致：

①看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)；

②看“主语”定语态( 看主语是否为动作的发出者)；

③看人称和数， 确保主谓一致

典例印证

[典例]　[2021·全国卷甲]The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It __41__ (build) originally to protect the city 42.in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).

分析：第一步：确定填谓语。

分析句子成分可知，空处和“has now been completely restored”作并列谓语。

第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。

有时间状语“in the Tang dynasty”可知发生在过去，根据主语“it (the Xi'an City Wall)”与动词build之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

技法1　提示词为动词时， 确定时态的四根据

典例导引

1.[2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ]You can't help wondering how hard it ________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.

解析：考查时态。 句中有时间状语then, 因此这里说的是当初人们把那些石头放在固定的位置上(即做成石头台阶)很难。

快捷思维

1.慧眼识别标志词

在题干中，yesterday，tomorrow，always，since，in the past few years，so far等都是判定动词时态常用的标志性时间状语，做题时可以通过寻找时间标志词来判定时态。

典例导引

2.[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ________ (point) down the river.

解析：考查时态。空处与smiled构成并列谓语，故用一般过去时。

自主解答：________

快捷思维

2.瞻前顾后找并列

表示并列关系的谓语动词往往时态一致，如：and，but，not only ...but also 引导的句子时态相呼应，应该一致。

典例导引

3.[2020·浙江卷7月]This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with the rise of science，changes began. New methods ________ (mean) that fewer people worked in farming.

解析：考查动词的时态。结合句意可知，New methods与mean是主谓关系，同时结合前两句的时态为一般过去时，故填meant。

自主解答：________

快捷思维

3.通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题

有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。

典例导引

4.[2021·沈阳监测]This was the first time I ________ (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.

解析：此题考查固定句式 “This was the first time that sb.had done sth.”因此，从句用过去完成时。

自主解答：________

快捷思维

4.通过“常用句式”解决时态问题

掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。

【技法点金】

牢记常见固定句式中的时态

1．was/were doing... when＋一般过去时

2．was/were about to do...when＋一般过去时

3．had (just) done...when＋一般过去时

4．Hardly＋had＋主语＋done...when＋一般过去时

5．No sooner＋had＋主语＋done...when＋一般过去时

6．This/That/It is the＋序数词＋time＋that＋现在完成时

7．This/That/It was the ＋序数词＋time＋that＋过去完成时

8．It is/has been＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时

【过关检测】

1．[2021·西安中学第二次仿真练习]Since the 1980s, with the quickening of urbanization, many traditional houses ________ (disappear).

2．[2021·泰安市第四次模拟]The beautiful scenery and various traditional customs of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (行政区) ________ (bring) great resources to the local tourism industry in the past decade.

3．[2021·辽宁省“名校交流”联考]That promise may be years away from realization but rapid typing enabled by bioprinting at present ________ (push) medical advances forward at pace.

4．[2020·浙江7月]By about 6000 BC, people ________ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.

5．[2020·江苏高考改编]There, he not only did well as a student but also ________ (become) an accomplished public speaker.

6．[2021·江西省重点中学盟校第一次联考]As a result, as the number of qubits (量子位) ________ (increase), the computing ability of quantum computers rises too.

7．[2021·梧州一模]I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you ________ (feel) better.”

8．[2021·济宁模拟]Therefore, it is high time that we ________ (take) effective measures to improve the current situation.

技法2　提示词为动词时，明确逻辑关系定语态

典例导引

1.[2021·全国甲卷]The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 61.________ (build) originally to protect the city 62.in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).

解析：考查时态语态。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，与主语it构成动宾关系，故用被动语态；且根据originally可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，故用一般过去时。

自主解答：________

快捷思维

分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语， 与主语之间是主动关系时， 应考虑用主动语态，若是被动关系， 则考虑用被动语态。

典例导引

2.The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, ________ (sell) well.

解析：根据句意可知， sell在此处表示事物所具有的特征， 应用主动形式。

自主解答：________

快捷思维

分析句子结构， 发现提示词作谓语， 且表示的是主语所具有的特征时， 应考虑用主动形式表示被动意义。

【过关检测】

1．[2021·银川市高三考前适应性训练一]Newly-developed robotic arms ____________ (show) on Tuesday in east China's Anhui Province.

2．[2021·安徽师大附中5月模拟]Much of the existing water ____________ (filter) already by a process designed to remove more than 62 radioactive contaminants.

3．[2021·成都市一诊模拟]Born in 712, Du Fu lived through the violent fall of China's brilliant Tang Dynasty. He had the desire to serve his country, but his life ____________ (destroy) by the An Lushan Rebellion of 755.

4．[2020·浙江1月高考]People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should ____________ (place) on longevity (长寿).

5．[2021·成都七中高三热身]Almost anything could ____________ (paint) on zheshan, but the most popular ones usually featured landscapes.

6．The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, ________ (sell) out here.

技法3　提示词为动词时， 确定主谓一致的三原则

典例导引

1.[2020·新高考山东卷]Often, only a small part of a museum's collection ________ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.

解析：考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据时间状语Often可知该句应用一般现在时，设空处为谓语动词，主语为“only a small part of a museum's collection”，是单数形式，故此处用is。

自主解答：________

快捷思维

分析句子结构， 发现提示词作谓语， 要考虑语法一致原则确定谓语动词单复数。牢记：

1．可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

2．v.-ing 作主语， 谓语用单数。

典例导引

2.[2021·厦门市质量检测]Walking to work, taking part in an online exercise program or meeting with friends for a walk also ________ (work) to easily get more physical activity.

解析：考查一般现在时和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。并列主语用or连接时，主谓一致遵循“就近原则”。“meeting with friends for a walk”为动名词，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数。

自主解答：________

快捷思维

1.就近原则：由or; either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

2．就远原则：主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，but，except，along with，rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。

典例导引

3.The family as well as their dog ________ (trap) on the roof by the flood yesterday.

解析：分析句子结构可知， trap在句中作谓语， 主语是the family, 在此指的是一家人， 根据意义一致原则， 应用复数形式。

自主解答：________

快捷思维

分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语， 主语是集体名词时， 要考虑主谓一致原则确定其单复数。集体名词看作整体时， 谓语用单数形式， 看作个体时， 谓语用复数形式。

【过关检测】

1．[2021·咸阳市高考模拟]Even though there ________ (be) more opportunities to go out and do fun things in the city, it may take focus away from your studies.

2．[2021·新乡市三模]What you see now ________ (be) just the shadow of a larger ancestral distribution.

3．[2021·山西太原高三押宝题]Grain Buds, (Chinese: 小满), the 8th solar term of a year，________ (mean) that the seeds from the grain are becoming full but are not ripe.

4．[2021·湖北省黄冈市高三调研]Practicing, to sum up, ________ (be) of greatest importance for those who are determined to learn knowledge well.

5．[2021·湖南长郡中学模拟]The traditional Chinese marriage usually ________ (involve) some necessary procedures，such as match-making，engagement，meeting the bride，and three bows.

6．[2021·宁波九校联考]It's said that not getting enough sleep ________ (lead) to poor judgment，lack of creativity，and even depression.

Test 1

[2021·昆明市高三“三诊一模”]The idea of inviting the public to take part in scientific studies is known as “citizen science”. Anyone 1.________ helps scientists do the job is called a “citizen scientist”. What can you get if you become a citizen scientist?

A sense of purpose! Citizen science projects can help you make good use of 2.________ (you) time.

Fun times! You never know what might 3.________ (find).

More education! Learn about some 4.________ (attract) things while doing scientific jobs.

When you're having fun in the park and see a bird, why not take a picture of it? With a simple click, you could be helping scientists! Shanghai Natural History Museum has 5.________ app. People can upload sounds, 6.________ (photo) and locations of animals if they see them around their city. Scientists can use these data 7.________ (study) city animals and better protect them.

In fact, people just like you can help out with many scientific studies. For example, scientists always spend many years 8.________ (discover) every kind of ladybug (瓢虫) in the world. But if we share our own pictures of ladybugs with scientists, they can find them much 9.________ (fast). As one old saying goes, “Many hands make light work.”

Of course, there is more to study than just animals. There are many other fun projects, such 10.________ watching stars and clouds, counting penguins and even listening to laughs. You'll find that science is fun and is for everyone!

Test 2

[2021·贵阳市学期监测]“A wonderful experience. The staff at the hotel made everything easy and comfortable. We only had a long weekend, and wish it had been 1.________ (long). I'm already wondering 2.________ I can visit again，” Karen B, a tourist from Australia, describes her stay at Tea Cozy on TripAdvisor. The “hotel” she is referring to is 3.________ (actual) a homestay (家庭寄宿) in Yangshuo, which now 4.________ (have) around 1，000 homestays.

As one of China's early tourist destinations to open up to the world in the early 1980s, Yangshuo got 5.________ (it) first homestay in the mid-1980s. It has now grown into an industry. Wu Jianyuan, a 30-year-old from Jiwodu village in Yangshuo returned 6.________ her hometown to work as a front desk manager at a homestay after 7.________ (gain)  experience of working in hotels in Guangdong and Jiangsu 8.________ (province). “The payment is better here. Life and work are stable, and Yangshuo is not only 9.________ beautiful place, but my home too，” she says. Wu is one of the many workers from Yangshuo who returned to work in her hometown.

The tourism industry is recovering quickly as the COVID-19 has largely 10.________ (control) in China. The booking rate at homestays in Yangshuo, particularly the high-end ones, has almost returned to the pre-pandemic level.

Test 3

[2021·河南、广东、湖北、湖南部分学校3月联考]   A textbook exchange is a business that buys and sells college textbooks. Textbooks can represent 1.________ significant part of a student's education budget. By purchasing used textbooks or selling unneeded books to a textbook exchange, students can   2.________  (great) reduce their expenses.

Traditionally, university bookstores were the only sources for 3.________ (require) textbooks. The success of bookstores 4.________ buy and sell used books inspired some businesses  5.________ (copy) the process for textbooks. A textbook exchange will purchase textbooks from students who have completed courses and no longer need the materials. This means the business can resell the used books at a price much lower than their original cost. This is very    6.________ (benefit) to students who are struggling to meet their school fees and living expenses.

Ever since it first appeared, the textbook exchange  7.________ (increase) the options for students. Now used textbooks   8.________ (deliver) almost anywhere through any standard delivery service. This means students are not limited  9.________  the books available at their local university bookstores. They can compare   10.________  (price) on a national or even international level and choose the most reasonably priced editions. This changes the supply­and­demand economic factors that create high prices for most textbooks.

Test 4

[2021·南昌市一模]Rarely has a sports team in China received praise and 1.________ (admire)  as enthusiastically as the Chinese women's volleyball team. It has a great effect 2.________ Chinese people from all walks of life.

Director Peter China's film Leap shines a spotlight on the struggles of several generations of the Chinese team in their attempts 3.________  (achieve) glory for their country. Chan brought out into the open the difficulties behind production. For example, the crew built 4.________ volleyball training base in Beijing by taking apart and moving the original 5.________ (wood) floor from the base in order to recreate the original atmosphere. “The floor still shows the blood, tear and sweat 6.________ (leave) by the women's volleyball team members back in the 1980s，” Chan noted.

“The people love the Chinese women's volleyball team, not only because you 7.________ (win) the championship, but also because you have displayed the spirit of putting the motherland first, through unity, cooperation, tenacity and never giving up.” The spirit 8.________ (praise) by President Xi Jinping, 9.________ greeted Team China at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on September 30.

10．________ (sure), that spirit will live on.

Test 5

[2021·广东六校联盟高三第二次联考]

Tencent's WeChat introduced new emojis to its 1.________ (exist) emoji set on Wednesday. 2.________ new emojis include a face with rolling eyes, a “let me see” face, 3.________ that is sighing, a cracked smiling face and so on.

The “let me see” emoji, 4.________ features a face with a peeking eye, has become a hot topic among net users 5.________ it resembles Prince Yongqi in the hit TV drama Princess Huanzhu.

The top five most popular emojis used by WeChat users in 2019 6.________ (be) “facepalm, grin, chuckle, thumb­up and rose”， according to a report released by Tencent's WeChat in January.

For users born in the 2000s, their favorite WeChat emoji would probably be the widely used “facepalm”. Most post­90s WeChat users are late 7.________ (rise) compared with other groups, and the emoji “face with tears of joy” rules their online social life. For users born in the 1980s, their reading taste 8.________ (change) little over the last three years, as they still stick to news on national affairs.  And a “toothy grin” is their emoji of the year. WeChat users born in the 1970s are an 9.________ (optimism) group, who like to use the “smiling face with a hand 10.________ a mouth” emoji and are keen on browsing WeChat Moments.

Test 6

[2021·威海市高三一轮检测]Fiber may not be the sexiest nutrient (营养素) to talk about, but it's one of the best things you can eat for your health. Dietary fiber is resistant to digestion and absorption by humans and  it 1.________ (find)  in fruit, vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts and seeds. Researches have 2.________ (consistent) shown that people 3.________ eat high­fiber diets have a lower risk for sorts of diseases, like cancer and 4.________ can be easier for them to manage their weight.

Eating more fiber is 5.________ helpful tool for weight loss because it helps you feel full and 6.________ (satisfy) after eating. Dietary fiber slows down digestion and absorption of food, giving your stomach enough time 7.________ (communicate) with your brain that you are full and it's time to stop eating. Fiber also helps stabilize our appetite and promotes fat burning instead of fat storage. Another win for weight 8.________ (manage): fiber has zero calories. Since fiber is a nondigestible carbohydrate, we can't break it down for fuel. Fiber also sticks to fats and other sources of calories from food, 9.________ (decrease)  your overall calorie intake from other massive nutrients.

Many evidences show that high­fiber diets are associated with a lower body weight and 10.________ (little) body fat. So if you want to lose weight or keep it off, eat more fiber.