完形填空40分钟专练03 冲刺2022年高考英语阅读理解名校模拟题重组练

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 冲刺2022年高考 完形填空（三）
　巧取语篇层次题和规避5大易错点智取完形拉分题
一、巧取语篇层次题
语篇层次是最高的考点层次，也是学生拉分题，此类试题需要阅读全篇， 站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确的答案。

技法1 利用首尾呼应关系解题
[典例]　[2021·浙江卷节选]
[2]I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day __42____. We had to 43.carry everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a 44.long way but in 35 ℃ heat and with a heavy pack，my legs were on fire.
……
[6]53.Needless to say, I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 54.survived. I think I am much 55.stronger for having taken part in the project.
42．A.tour B．project
C．campaign D．course
解题依据：完形填空文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段(或首句)和尾段(或尾句)信息，考生可以更好地解答部分题目。
分析：本题可以利用首尾呼应解题。根据文章末尾的“the project”可知，本篇文章讲述地是作者某次项目的经历，结合文末信息回到开头题目，可知作者被派去Coronado National Forest是为了一个8天的“项目”。
自主解答：________
名师点津：记叙类的完形填空文章往往通过讲述一个故事来传达中心思想或表达立意，作者多采用首尾呼应的文章写法，通过文章结尾处升华主题。因此，考生应学会首尾兼顾，结合文章开头、结尾信息解答题目。

技法2 利用文章发展脉络解题
[典例]　[2021·全国卷乙]
[1]Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a 41.nurse just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 42.grades of gratitude (感谢).
[2]My thoughts were soon __43__. We had a woman patient who was 44.recovering from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while 45.attempting to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was 46.eventually discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, 47.requiring the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though 48.slowly,__and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.
43．A.brushed aside
B．put to the test
C．brought under discussion
D．taken into account
解题依据：叙事型完形填空文章在行文结构上往往包括开端——故事发展——高潮——结局等不同情节，考生应梳理文章发展脉络，厘清行文结构。
分析：本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个想法：应有不同的词语表达不同程度的感谢，根据下文，作者叙述了一个患者表达感谢的故事。据此推断，作者在首段提出的想法很快经受了检验。be brushed aside“被漠视”；be put to the test“使受考验，使受检验”；be taken into account“被考虑进去”。
自主解答：________
名师点津：

解题策略
遵循发展脉络，合理思考推理，及时调整思路
上下求索，捕捉关键信息
回头看——关注是否与前文呼应，不留遗憾
关键点——需随机应变，不要一意孤行，更不可胡思乱想

二、规避5大易错点智取完形拉分题
高考担负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道较难题目成为考生取得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比较隐蔽；②干扰项迷惑性较强；③情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，考生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后判。

易错点1 因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。
[典例]　[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy's father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41.made little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its 42.stores throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for __43__ help during our spring break, for which I had no 44.plans beyond listening to my favorite records.
43．A.generous B．financial
C．technical D．temporary
分析：本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据上文中的“for three whole days”和下文中的“during our spring break”可知，这里说的是春假期间，市中心的工厂需要临时找八个孩子来帮忙。generous“慷慨的，大方的”；financial“财务的，金融的”；technical“技术的，专业的”；temporary“临时的，暂时的”。
自主解答：________

易错点2 因不能正确区分形近(义近)词而错选
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词让考生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果考生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。
[典例]　[2021·全国甲卷]“I have 55.matured and I admit responsibility for my 56.actions，” he said in the letter. “I come to you, 57 ,to apologize for the damage I had 58.indirectly caused and to ask you to 59.reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
57．A.hands in pockets B．nose in the air
C．hat in hand D．feet on the ground
分析：四个备选项在形式上非常相似，基本都是名词＋介词＋名词的词组，部分考生很容易因混淆而失分。本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据空后“... apologize for the damage”可推测作者的态度是谦卑的，所以选hat in hand 恭敬地(乞求或请求)。其他选项不符合语境：hands in pockets双手插兜；nose in the air目中无人；feet on the ground脚踏实地。考生如果完全掌握了这四个词组，很容易选出正确选项。
自主解答：________

易错点3 因词汇理解障碍而错选
在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成考生错选。对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。
[典例]　[2021·天津卷]“It's a really great 33.experience for kids，” said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. “Pruitt is certainly providing a 34.service,__but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the __35__ he can make on people.”
35．A.compromise B．impression
C．impact D．progress
分析：本题考查语境推断。根据全文内容可知，此处表示Pruitt的行为对人们产生的“影响”。本题的选择难度在于A选项“compromise 妥协，和解”对于同学们而言是一个相对陌生的词汇，一些考生可能因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。
自主解答：________

易错点4 因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选
在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
[典例1]　[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Our __48__ in the factory were simple：Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt.
48．A.joys B．ideas
C．roles D．choices
分析：根据下文中的“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing(糖霜)ears...from the belt”可知，这里介绍的是作者他们在工厂的具体工作或职责。role除了表示“角色”外，还可以表示“职责，作用”。
自主解答：________
[典例2]　[2018·浙江高考]One day I 46.met a former classmate of mine who was 47.making a lot of money running a sideline (副业).Since his regular job was 48.boring,__I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full-time. He said without the job, he would __49__ have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50.college. He said that if he 51.quit the job, he would lose his 52.drive to work and succeed.
49．A.luckily B．hardly
C．hopefully D．simply
分析：根据句意可知，他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。simply“确实，简直”。此处simply这个词属于熟词生义，我们比较熟悉它的义项是“简单地，简朴地”。由此可知正确选项。
自主解答：________

易错点5 因惯性思维而错选
在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生产生一些思维定式，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，从而抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：
(1)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响
有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，只记忆中文意思，而不深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用“succeed to do sth.”来表达。
(2)学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响
例如：学习了wait for这个词组以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中就不用for。
[典例]　[2021·天津卷]For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was __19__ his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the 20.lack of bikes was COVID-19 related，and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed 21.transportation to get to work?
19．A.ride B．lock
C．repair D．replace
分析：考查语境推断。Pruitt作为热衷骑自行车的人，自行车被偷，他首先要做的应该是换一辆自行车，“replace”符合语境。但考生受思维定式影响，可能看到后文的“bike”就下意识地以为选择ride a bike这个固定搭配，从而误选A项。
自主解答：________


Test 1
[2021·南昌市一模]The roles we often expect our fathers to play, protector or provider, can make them seem unapproachable. That's how it was with my dad. He was a __1__ person, who was never much of a talker. I didn't want to __2__ his hard shell and had gotten used to it. That brought both him and me the sense of __3__.
But when my life took a hit a year ago, things had to __4__. I needed to know how he had found his way, because I felt like I had __5__ mine. In a moment of desperation, it occurred to me that sending an email might be the __6__. I could speak at a comfortable distance and give him room to __7__.
So I wrote to him, telling him about my regrets and fears, and asking him to __8__ the similar experience he had undergone.
Two weeks later, an email __9__ in my inbox. Dad had carefully __10__ my message, reached back into his memory and made a __11__. I closed the email and started to cry. I cried because I wished I had __12__ my heart earlier but was grateful it wasn't too late. I cried because I hadn't been able to ask him anything about his life in all this time; __13__， I had focused on not sharing anything about myself with him. I cried because at 33, in the middle of my own struggles, his letter instantly put me __14__. And I cried because in the end, it was so __15__： I just had to hit “send”．
We've since had many __16__. Better yet, he offers stories __17__ without me asking. My problems haven't been magically __18__， but getting to know my dad better and learning to __19__ him more has made the tough stuff more manageable and life sweeter.
It's hard to talk to dads sometimes. I'm glad that I have found a __20__ to talk to mine.

1．A.private B．reasonable
C．confident D．sensitive
2．A.question B．clarify
C．break D．withdraw
3．A.responsibility B．security
C．shame D．guilt
4．A.relieve B．confirm
C．accomplish D．change
5．A.ignored B．lost
C．sought D．discovered
6．A.key B．target
C．routine D．stage
7．A.assume B．avoid
C．adjust D．admit
8．A.obtain B．deliver
C．broaden D．share
9．A.remained B．displayed
C．appeared D．approached
10．A.checked B．considered
C．conveyed D．consulted
11．A.judgment B．promise
C．comment D．response
12．A.reflected on B．appealed to
C．opened up D．settled down
13．A.meanwhile B．instead
C．therefore D．however
14．A.at ease B．in peace
C．under pressure D．in a dilemma
15．A.obvious B．appropriate
C．important D．simple
16．A.debates B．exchanges
C．secrets D．memories
17．A.occasionally B．instantly
C．eventually D．rarely
18．A.explored B．concluded
C．solved D．recognized
19．A.love B．convince
C．forgive D．comfort
20．A.connection B．reason
C．benefit D．way



Test 2
[2021·开封市高三第一次模拟]
How much do you know about athletes? Many people regard watching sports games as a form of __1__ . But for athletes, they are challenging the __2__ of human beings and breaking boundaries. Intensive training is a task which they do every day as a matter of __3__ . On May 6, 1954, Roger Bannister, who ran a mile in 3 minutes and 59.4 seconds, __4__ the whole world's attention. People believed that it was __5__ imagination for a person to run a mile within 4 minutes. Bannister made a(n) __6__ in what people believed was impossible. In the years since, more and more athletes have overcome the four­minute­mile __7__. Today, the record—held by Hicham El Guerrouj of Morocco since July 7, 1999—__8__ at 3 minutes and 43.13 seconds.
Records are __9__ at a lower and lower rate in both running and other fields. When new records are set, they're changed by a small proportion of a(n) __10__ . The decimal point (小数点), set at one­tenth of a second for Bannister's record, now __11__ one­hundredth of a second. __12__， we'll have to go to a third decimal place, and then a fourth.
The closer athletes get to being __13__， the harder it is to make improvements. Even though they are __14__ the best performances of human beings, excellent athletes can still __15__ proportions of seconds off existing records. They have a real __16__ to break records. The gaps between new and old records decrease __17__ . Athletes are getting closer and closer to __18__ physiological performances all the time. It will be tougher and tougher __19__ . However, excellent athletes never __20__ trying.,

1．A.attention B．contribution
C．recreation D．communication
2．A.beliefs B．rights
C．strengths D．limits
3．A.routine B．situation
C．experience D．opinion
4．A.required B．avoided
C．attracted D．disturbed
5．A.beyond B．within
C．from D．by
6．A.cut B．division
C．involvement D．breakthrough
7．A.difference B．barrier
C．habit D．fear
8．A.aims B．shoots
C．works D．stands
9．A.updated B．held
C．checked D．established
10．A.minute B．hour
C．second D．day
11．A.contains B．measures
C．means D．covers
12．A.Instead B．Soon
C．Meanwhile D．Besides
13．A.honest B．strong
C．perfect D．ordinary
14．A.assessing B．affecting
C．expecting D．approaching
15．A.shave B．keep
C．pay D．knock
16．A.history B．struggle
C．change D．inspiration
17．A.quickly B．finally
C．normally D．gradually
18．A.satisfying B．peak
C．consistent D．fair
19．A.making sense B．taking effect
C．making progress D．losing heart
20．A.stop B．remember
C．start D．suggest


Test 3
[2021·郑州市第一次质量预测]
Many evolution coaches seem to agree that great things happen the minute we step outside of our comfort zone. For me, one of the most important things we should always remember is that growth and __1__ can't coexist.
The personal development expert Napoleon Hill once said, “Whatever the mind can believe, it can achieve __2__ how many times you may have __3__ in the past or how great your aims and hopes may be. “This statement is __4__ because it reminds us that we're the only ones who can be __5__ for how far we'll go. To reach any __6__， we're usually required to __7__ the way we do things.
However, stepping outside of our comfort zone is probably the most important step toward __8__ real changes. But persistence (坚持) and continuing to move forward are __9__ important, as it's extremely easy to slide back into old __10__ without realizing it.
For long, I wanted to live in Argentina, so halfway through my Bachelor's degree, I bought a one­way ticket there. While I was there, I was able to __11__ the last two years of my degree online before flying home for graduation. I still live in Argentina now, and I can proudly say that taking the __12__ steps to make it a __13__ was one of the most important things I ever did. Certainly, I'm not suggesting we should all buy one­way tickets to foreign countries and just see what __14__ . But it's important for us to __15__ what we want and try to bring our __16__ to life.
Living in a comfort zone can trick us into __17__ we have enough time, but years can fly by without us having accomplished what we really wanted to. We won't __18__ have tomorrow to do what we could have done today. So, accept the discomfort and allow it to __19__ you to try new things. You never know what you could be missing out on by remaining __20__.


1．A.hope B．safety
C．comfort D．happiness
2．A.regardless of B．in terms of
C．as a result of D．in consideration of
3．A.struggled B．succeeded
C．missed D．failed
4．A.consistent B．powerful
C．plain D．challenging
5．A.ready B．intended
C．suitable D．responsible
6．A.level B．state
C．goal D．destination
7．A.change B．know
C．discover D．follow
8．A.comparing B．experiencing
C．accepting D．confirming
9．A.equally B．normally
C．slightly D．potentially
10．A.times B．memories
C．habits D．concepts
11．A.plan B．value
C．complete D．require
12．A.direct B．effective
C．quick D．necessary
13．A.motivation B．reality
C．wonder D．possibility
14．A.happens B．exists
C．helps D．matters
15．A.recognize B．create
C．appreciate D．gain
16．A.thoughts B．chances
C．efforts D．dreams
17．A.expecting B．admitting
C．believing D．understanding
18．A.eventually B．always
C．even D．certainly
19．A.encourage B．teach
C．guide D．remind
20．A.modest B．self­confident
C．independent D．self­content



Test 4
[2021·郑州市第二次质量检测]
Success lies behind a locked door, but not everyone has the right key.
Many years ago, I met an old friend of mine, who had __1__ himself to acting, but had never been quite __2__ . In his middle age, he seemed to be defeated and sad. I thought of his perseverance (毅力). Certainly, our __3__ doesn't look kindly upon quitting. Failure is perfectly __4__ as long as it eventually results in success. We often chant “Winners never __5__ ” and “If you do not succeed at first, try again”. We jump at stories of perseverance, of the author who submitted stories for years before her __6__ were published, or of the athlete who has trained since childhood to win gold medals at the Olympics.
Perseverance __7__ when it's rewarded with success, but it doesn't reward every person. For every J．K. Rowling, there are thousands of ambitious writers who will __8__ get anything published. For every Olympic athlete, there are countless others who __9__ every day of their lives but never made it. We all agree that doing the same thing and __10__ a different result is unwise. So, why do we believe that persevering through failure after failure is a good __11__ ?
We often consider quitting in the face of failure to be __12__. We believe that perseverance is the key to success. Perseverance is only one part of success. You __13__ talent or skill, as well as enthusiasm and drive. Luck and timing are also key to any great success. Our society believes that anything is possible __14__ you believe, but not everyone can make it. Quitting when you're not ahead is sometimes a __15__ thing to do.
__16__， if you enjoy a pursuit, regardless of its outcome, you should __17__. If you knew your story would never be published, would you want to write? If you could never be a champion swimmer, would you still practice? Sometimes, it's wise to put your __18__ into something else. Failure is not always the __19__ to success. Sometimes, it is the door to something __20__.,

1．A.exposed B．led
C．adapted D．devoted
2．A.successful B．powerful
C．ambitious D．confident
3．A.life B．virtue
C．culture D．goal
4．A.practical B．acceptable
C．necessary D．possible
5．A.look back B．give up
C．fall off D．settle down
6．A.experiences B．opinions
C．reports D．novels
7．A.takes off B．sets off
C．pays off D．shows off
8．A.never B．indeed
C．just D．even
9．A.planned B．trained
C．competed D．thought
10．A.expecting B．creating
C．predicting D．promising
11．A.result B．style
C．idea D．design
12．A.wise B．painful
C．normal D．weak
13．A.develop B．need
C．discover D．appreciate
14．A.if B．since
C．unless D．though
15．A.hard B．natural
C．bad D．smart
16．A.Also B．Eventually
C．Anyway D．Fortunately
17．A.start B．continue
C．decide D．consider
18．A.energy B．belief
C．failure D．concern
19．A.secret B．solution
C．lesson D．path
20．A.simple B．flexible
C．new D．accessible