2022届新教材高考英语一轮复习语法专题提升第一部分掌握基础词法1.3词性转换学案含解析新人教版

这是一份2022届新教材高考英语一轮复习语法专题提升第一部分掌握基础词法1.3词性转换学案含解析新人教版，共10页。
第三讲　词性转换 高考最热点全国卷考频命题热考向高考新变化形容词的词性转换3年6考名词转换为形容词、动词或形容词转换为名词、形容词和副词间的相互转换是全国卷考查重点2020年全国卷对名词的词性转换有所侧重形容词和副词的相互转换3年11考名词的词性转换3年8考   考点一名词与其他词类的词性转换(一)形容词变名词的后缀 后缀例词­ageshort→shortage　　　　　　　不足；短缺­cyefficient→efficiency  效率；功效fluent→fluency  流利；流畅accurate→accuracy  准确性private→privacy  隐私；私密­domfree→freedom  自由；自主wise→wisdom  明智；智慧­encedifferent→difference  差异silent→silence  沉默­nessweak→weakness  虚弱；弱点kind→kindness  仁慈；好意careless→carelessness  粗心大意dark→darkness  黑暗­thstrong→strength  力气；强项warm→warmth  温暖；热情true→truth  真实wide→width  宽度­y­ty­itydifficult→difficulty  困难cruel→cruelty  残酷；残暴safe→safety  安全disable→disability  无能；残疾responsible→responsibility  责任(二)动词变名词的后缀 后缀例词­alapprove→approval  赞成；批准arrive→arrival  到来；到达survive→survival  幸存propose→proposal  提议；建议­anceappear→appearance  出现；外貌guide→guidance  指引；指导perform→performance  表演；节目­enceexist→existence  存在；生存prefer→preference  偏爱refer→reference  参考；查阅­ionattract→attraction  吸引construct→construction  建设educate→education  教育evaluate→evaluation  评估graduate→graduation  毕业­ationexpect→expectation  期待；期望explain→explanation  解释consider→consideration  考虑imagine→imagination  想象力starve→starvation  挨饿invite→invitation  邀请；请柬­(s)siondiscuss→discussion  讨论；辩论decide→decision  决定admit→admission  接纳；准许入学­inghear→hearing  听力；听觉begin→beginning  开始­mentachieve→achievement  功绩；成就argue→argument  辩论；论据treat→treatment  对待；治疗equip→equipment  设备­ure­turepress→pressure  压力mix→mixture  混合；混合物depart→departure  离开；出发­yrecover→recovery  恢复；痊愈discover→discovery  发现其他grow→growth  成长；发展choose→choice  选择vary→variety  多样化；种类tend→tendency  趋向；趋势 (三)表示“人”的名词后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后缀有： 后缀例词­erclean→cleaner  清洁工report→reporter  记者strange→stranger  陌生人­orinvent→inventor  发明者visit→visitor  游客direct→director  导演­arlie→liar  说谎者beg→beggar  乞讨者，乞丐­eeemploy→employee  雇员interview→interviewee  参加面试者train→trainee  受训者；学员­esshost→hostess  女主人act→actress  女演员­ianmusic→musician  音乐家politics→politician  政治家history→historian  历史学家­istart→artist  艺术家science→scientist  科学家piano→pianist  钢琴家­antserve→servant  仆人participate→participant  参加者assist→assistant  助手；图书管理员 ◎题组微练(单句语法填空)1．[2021·陕西省重点中学模拟]On this day，thousands of people all around the world reached out to make a new positive ________ (connect) with others. 2．[2021·长春市高三质量监测]Individuals who throw away their garbage without sorting it can be fined up to 200 yuan，while companies and ________ (organize) can face fines up to 5,000 yuan.3．[2021·贵阳市高三适应性考试]The tactics represent the ________ (wise) of Chinese people. They are not only useful on the battlefield but also useful for business and personal life.4．[2021·合肥市高三第一次质量检测]A painting with a ________ (long) of 1014.37 meters has received a Guinness World Record title for the longest drawing by an individual artist.5．[2021·山西省重点中学高三联考]Young kids want to improve ________ (fit) and learn Chinese culture，adults take classes to relieve stress brought by work，and retired people practice it to prevent health problems.6．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ] Filled with ________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 考点二  形容词、副词的前后缀(一)形容词变副词的后缀 规则示例一般情况加­lyslow→slowly  缓慢地common→commonly  普通地immediate→immediately  立刻地以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，将y改为i然后加­lyhappy→happily  高兴地steady→steadily  稳定地busy→busily  繁忙地noisy→noisily  吵闹地heavy→heavily  沉重地healthy→healthily  健康地以­le结尾，去掉e加­y　　simple→simply  简单地gentle→gently  温柔地terrible→terribly  可怕地possible→possibly  可能地probable→probably  可能地comfortable→comfortably  舒服地以­ic结尾，加­allyeconomic→economically  经济地scientific→scientifically  科学地常考且易拼错的副词rudely, truly, politely, widely, nicely, closely, fortunately, surprisingly, increasingly, hurriedly, shyly (二)动词、名词变形容词的后缀 后缀例词­ableaccept→acceptable   可接受的comfort→comfortable  舒适的fashion→fashionable  时髦的suit→suitable  合适的reason→reasonable  有道理的­almusic→musical   音乐的origin→original  最初的person→personal  个人的；私人的center→central  中央的；中心的nature→natural  自然的；天生的form→formal  正式的nation→national  全国的­fuldoubt→doubtful  怀疑的forget→forgetful  健忘的harm→harmful  有害的hope→hopeful  有希望的peace→peaceful  和平的care→careful  细心的use→useful  有用的success→successful  成功的help→helpful  有帮助的­edscare→scared  感到恐惧的confuse→confused  感到困惑的puzzle→puzzled  迷惑的worry→worried  担心的bore→bored  感到厌倦的excite→excited  激动的；兴奋的underline→underlined  加下划线的­ingsurprise→surprising  令人惊讶的convince→convincing  令人信服的satisfy→satisfying  令人满意的worry→worrying  令人担心的bore→boring  令人厌烦的­ibleaccess→accessible  容易达到的；容易取得的horror→horrible  可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible  可怕的­iveact→active  积极的；活跃的effect→effective  有效的；生效的attract→attractive  有吸引力的impress→impressive  给人深刻印象的instruct→instructive  有教育意义的expense→expensive  昂贵的­ouscontinue→continuous  不断的；持续的anxiety→anxious  忧虑的caution→cautious  十分小心的；谨慎的curiosity→curious  好奇的humor→humorous  幽默的­sometire→tiresome  令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome  麻烦的­ytaste→tasty  美味的；可口的health→healthy  健康的wealth→wealthy  富裕的；丰富的dirt→dirty  有灰尘的；脏的rain→rainy  有雨的snow→snowy  有雪的sun→sunny  阳光明媚的wind→windy  有风的cloud→cloudy  阴天的­erneast→eastern  东方的；向东的west→western  西方的；向西的­ishchild→childish  孩子气的fool→foolish  愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish  自私的­icscience→scientific  科学的economy→economic  经济的history→historic  历史上著名的­aryimagine→imaginary　　　　　　想象中的 ◎题组微练(单句语法填空)1．[2021·昆明市高三“三诊一模”]David Katz was upset by all the plastic going into the ocean.To help solve the problem，he had a ________ (create)idea—to treat plastic like money.2．[2021·贵阳市高三适应性考试]The Contemporary Museum of Calligraphy (书法) contains many art pieces including Arabic，Chinese, ________ (Europe)，Indian，Japanese and Slavic calligraphic works.3．[2021·济南市高三质量评估]Smells from cookies baking in the kitchen or the smell of a homemade dish can bring back ________ (amaze) memories of growing up.4．[2019·北京卷]Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend，and it's never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and _________ (meaning) college experience.5．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]As the small boat moved ________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.6．[2021·天津高三八校第二次联考]What is driving this ________ (grow) in veganism? It is because people want to protect the environment. 考点三  变动词的前缀和后缀 前/后缀例词前缀en­able→enable  使能够large→enlarge  扩大rich→enrich  使充实；使丰富danger→endanger  危及courage→encourage  鼓励后缀­enbroad→broaden  使变宽ripe→ripen  使成熟sharp→sharpen  使尖锐wide→widen  加宽short→shorten  变短deep→deepen  加深dark→darken  使变暗hard→harden  使变硬­ifyclass→classify  把……分类just→justify  证明……正确simple→simplify  简化beauty→beautify  美化­izeapology→apologize  道歉emphasis→emphasize  强调memory→memorize  记住real→realize  认识到；实现 ◎题组微练(单句语法填空)1．[2019·浙江卷]Besides，what you told me about your country ________ (broad) my horizons and aroused my interest in foreign culture.2．[2019·全国卷Ⅱ]The purpose of the HUNCH programs to ________ (sharp) students' communication skills. 考点四  转化法转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。 转化规则例词注意名词→动词face (n.脸→v.面对)shoulder (n.肩→v.肩负)water (n.水→v.浇水)back (n.背→v.支持)name (n.名字→v.命名)high，deep，wide用作副词时表示具体，而highly，deeply，widely表示抽象。动词→名词look (v./n.)看try (v./n.)尝试dream (v./n.)梦想chat (v./n.)聊天形容词→动词empty (adj.空的→v.倒空)slow (adj.慢的→v.减慢)dirty (adj.脏的→v.弄脏)warm (adj.暖的→v.使变暖)形容词→副词hard (adj.难的→adv.努力)high (adj.高的→adv.高)deep (adj.深的→adv.深)wide (adj.宽的→adv.宽)  　语法填空解题技法【典例感悟】1．[2020·北京卷]Because of the confidence she inspired in me, I've carved out a ________ (success) profession as a journalist.2．[2020·新高考山东卷]In the 18th and 19th centuries, ________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.3．[2019·全国卷Ⅲ]They also shared with us many ________ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were ________ (huge) popular with tourists.4．[2021·衡水中学第一次模拟]There is also no  ________  (evident) that protein from a powder or bar can improve athletic performance any more than protein from food.5．[2021·兰州高三诊断考试]I feel proud that our Chinese culture attracts many people from different cultures.The performance was very ________ (impress)．6．[2021·广州市综合检测二]Now he and his Chinese friends are using drones (无人机) ________ (film) the Great Wall, which provides a ________ (complete) new and fascinating perspective. 【答题微点】语法填空解题“2策略”1．利用句子成分确定词性(1)如果要填的词在句中作主语、宾语或表语要考虑名词形式。(2)如果要填的词作定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语补足语，要想到用形容词；如果作状语，要想到用副词。2．根据修饰词或被修饰词确定词性(1)如果要填的词被形容词、定冠词或形容词性物主代词修饰，此时要考虑用名词形式。(2)如果要填的词修饰名词，要想到用形容词；如果修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，要想到用副词。 语法填空[2021·安徽部分重点中学高三联考]Experiences are acquired through our journey in life; we choose and create our beliefs, fears and opinions 1.________ (base) on all our experiences in life. Even though things and life are the way they are, we all have different opinions about everything and everybody. Other people have opinions about us too. But 2.________ really matters is the opinion we have about 3.________ (we). You either choose to accept and follow what other people believe 4.________ decide to be yourself and live according to the reality of life.5．________ living life as it is and being yourself, you create an image about yourself. It is extremely important 6.________ (understand) how this image, created by your beliefs and imagination, directs and influences your 7.________ (grow). This image that you create about yourself 8.________ (determine) who you are and how you feel；it determines how successful you become in life. Everything starts in the mind. If you really want to accomplish your dreams, picture yourself having and living the life you want. Believe in yourself and be 9.________ (confidence)! It doesn't matter how bad or difficult the 10.________ (circumstance) may look like. In short, you are as happy or sad as you see yourself.             第三讲　词性转换突破高考重点　点拨易错易混考点一1．答案与解析：connection　考查名词。根据空前的“make a new positive”和空后的“with others”可知，此处填名词connection“联系”作make的宾语。2．答案与解析：organizations　考查词性转换。空处与名词companies并列，表示不止一个组织，故此处用名词复数。3．答案与解析：wisdom　考查名词。根据空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，空处应为名词，所以填wisdom。4．答案与解析：length　考查词性转换。此处表示一幅长达1014.37米的画作，根据空前的a和空后的of可知，此处应用名词，a length of...“长达……”，所以填length。5．答案与解析：fitness　考查名词。本空作动词improve的宾语，故填名词形式。fitness“健康”。6．答案与解析：curiosity　考查词性转换。介词with后应使用名词。考点二1．答案与解析：creative　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词idea，应用形容词形式，所以填creative。2．答案与解析：European　考查词性转换。and前后为并列的形容词，共同修饰后面的名词短语calligraphic works，所以填European。3．答案与解析：amazing　考查词性转换。此处表示“令人惊讶的记忆”，应用形容词修饰名词memories；amazing意为“令人惊讶的”，修饰物；amazed意为“大为惊奇的”，修饰人。故填amazing。4．答案与解析：meaningful　考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。用形容词修饰名词college experience。5．答案与解析：gently　考查词性转换。修饰动词moved应使用副词。6．答案与解析：growth　考查名词。句意：为何纯素食主义如此受欢迎？空格前有this修饰，与this一起做drive的宾语，要用grow 的名词形式growth。考点三1．答案：broadened2．答案：sharpen刷经典试题　明晰解题技法语法填空解题技法1．答案与解析：successful　考查词性转换。 profession 为名词， 意为“职业”，故应用形容词修饰名词，故填successful。2．答案与解析：wealthy　考查词性转换。根据设空处后面的名词people可知，这里应用形容词wealthy修饰。3．答案与解析：traditional　考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional。hugely　考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。所填词修饰形容词popular，故应用huge的副词形式hugely。be hugely popular with非常受……欢迎。4．答案与解析：evidence　句意：也没有证据表明粉末或棒状物中的蛋白质比食物中的蛋白质更能提高运动成绩。固定句型：There is no evidence that...“没有证据”。该句中no后面用名词，名词后面是that引导的同位语从句。5．答案与解析：impressive　考查形容词。根据语境可知，表演非常令人难忘。根据句意可知该处用形容词作表语。6．答案与解析：to film　考查非谓语动词。use sth. to do sth.“用……做……”是固定用法，此处不定式作目的状语，所以填to film。completely　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词，修饰形容词new，所以填completely。对点跟踪检测　提升应试能力语法填空【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们的经历、信仰和个人形象之间的关系以及个人形象的重要性。我们的经历决定了我们的个人观点，我们的个人观点又创造出我们的个人形象。人生中最重要的就是我们对自己的看法与态度。1．答案与解析：based　考查形容词或非谓语动词。“be based on”是固定用法，意为“以……为依据”，故此处可为形容词短语作后置定语；另外，“base sth. on sth.”也为固定用法，意为“以……为依据”，此处“our beliefs, fears and opinions”与base为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式based。2．答案与解析：what　考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，故填what。注意：that引导主语从句时，在从句中不充当成分。3．答案与解析：ourselves　考查代词。此处表示“我们对自己的看法”，故填反身代词ourselves。4．答案与解析：or　考查固定搭配。“either...or...”是固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”，符合语境。5．答案与解析：By　考查介词。此处表示通过过真实的生活，做你自己， 你创造了一个关于你自己的形象。故用介词by, 意为“通过”。6．答案与解析：to understand　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语的用法，故填to understand。7．答案与解析：growth　考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空前的形容词性物主代词your的后面应跟名词，故填growth。8．答案与解析：determines　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处应与上下文用的一般现在时保持一致，且句子的主语是第三人称单数，故填determines。9．答案与解析：confident　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空前的系动词be后应跟形容词作表语，故填confident。10．答案与解析：circumstances　考查名词的单复数。根据语境可知，此处表示各种情况，故填circumstances。