2022届新教材高考英语一轮复习语法专题提升第一部分掌握基础词法1.4冠词代词和介词学案含解析新人教版

这是一份2022届新教材高考英语一轮复习语法专题提升第一部分掌握基础词法1.4冠词代词和介词学案含解析新人教版，共16页。
第四讲　冠词、代词和介词


高考最热点
全国卷考频
命题热考向
高考新变化
冠词
3年12考
冠词的考查点集中在冠词表示泛指、特指的基本用法和常见固定搭配中的冠词上。
2020、2019全国卷增加对不定代词的考查。对冠词、介词的考查仍集中在固定短语上。
代词
3年12考
语法填空侧重考查it、人称代词和物主代词的基本用法
介词
3年8考
语法填空对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词， 这对考生正确理解句意和掌握的知识提出了较高的要求。

冠词

考点一 冠词的基本用法
一、不定冠词a，an
1．在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。
a university，a useful animal，a European car，an hour，an honest boy，an X­ray，an ugly man，an honor等。
Judging from his words，he must be an honest man.
从他的话判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。
As is known to us，Russia is a European country.
众所周知，俄罗斯是一个欧洲国家。
2．不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前，泛指一个人或一个事物。
They found an apartment in America where they lived only half a year.
他们在美国找到一个公寓，在那里待了仅仅半年。
3．表示泛指。说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。
It was a cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly.
那是一个寒冷冬天的夜晚，月亮在夜空中闪耀着。
4．表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one 强烈。
As the old saying goes，“Rome was not built in a day.”
常言道，冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。
5．不定冠词a(n)表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain。
A Mr Brown came to see you just now.
刚才有一位布朗先生来找你了。
6．“a(n)＋序数词”表示“又一，再一”；“a most＋形容词”表示“非常，很”。
I really enjoyed my stay in Xi'an.It's indeed worth a second visit.
我真的喜欢待在西安，它的确值得再次参观。
He put forward a most useful suggestion at the meeting.
在会议上他提出一个非常实用的建议。
7．在抽象名词success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，wonder，comfort，danger，shock等前表示“一个……的人或一件……的事”。
The operation is a success and the patient is now out of danger.
手术很成功，病人目前脱离了危险。

二、定冠词the
1．特指某人或某事。
The village where I was born has taken on a new look in the past ten years.
我出生的那个小村庄在过去十年已经呈现新的面貌。
2．用于序数词和形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only，very，same等之前。
As is known to all，China is the biggest developing country in the world.
众所周知，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.
在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。
3．某些形容词、分词前表示一类人或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人，要想到用定冠词。
As far as I know, the Greens are going to move to Beijing.
据我所知，格林一家要搬到北京去。
4．在世界上独一无二的事物、西洋乐器以及发明物的名词前要想到用定冠词。
The little girl likes to play the violin and often plays it after school.
这个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴，经常放学后演奏。
5．用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour，by the day，by the week，by the dozen，by the yard等，但是如表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如by weight/height等。
As far as I know, he will get paid by the week.
据我所知，他会按周付薪。
6．用于the more...the more...(越……越……)结构中。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
你越小心，就会越少犯错误。

三、零冠词
1．在不可数名词或可数名词复数前表示泛指不用冠词。
Keeping a diary is a good habit，by which you'll make great progress.
记日记是一个可以让你取得进步的好习惯。
2．用于与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。
Are you going there by plane or by ship?
你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？
3．用于系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。
After years of hard work，Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.
多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一个好经理。
◎题组微练(单句语法填空)
1．[2020·浙江卷1月]A child born in the US today has ________ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
2．[2021·成都市高三检测]Situated on cliffs above a river，Hongyadong is a stilt house complex (建筑群) in ________ city of Chongqing.
3．[2021·福州市模拟]One brown bat—about ________ size of a human thumb—can consume about 600 mosquitoes and other unwanted insects within an hour.
4．[2021·安徽省高三联考]Being ________ international port, Quanzhou, is home to a huge number of Chinese who have gone abroad and can be tracked to more than 130 countries and regions around the globe.
5．[2021·郑州高三质检]She was really excited that day because they were having a dance party. I danced with all the ladies, particularly with Grandma, which was awesome. However, I felt discomfort throughout ________ party.

考点二 固定搭配
1.不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中
all of a sudden　　突然
as a matter of fact 事实上
in a hurry 匆忙地
pay a visit to 参观；拜访
as a result/consequence 因此
have a gift/talent for 在某方面有天赋
have/catch a cold 感冒
make a living 谋生
have/take a rest 休息
in a way 从某种意义上说
give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车
do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙
keep an eye on 留心
You can ask anyone for help.Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.
你可以向任何人求助，这里的每个人都乐意帮助你。

2．定冠词用于固定短语中
at the moment 此刻；目前
at the same time 同时
on the contrary 相反
on the whole 总的来说
to tell the truth 说实话
in the distance 在远处
on the other hand 另一方面
make the most of 充分利用
by the way 顺便说一下
go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧
in the middle of 在……中间
You should make the best of such a good chance to practise your spoken English.
你应该充分利用这个好机会练习你的英语口语。
3．零冠词用于固定搭配中
on purpose 故意地
by chance 碰巧
catch/on fire 着火
at dawn/dusk 在黎明/黄昏
make room for 让位
out of date 过时的
by sea/car 乘船/乘小汽车

◎题组微练(单句语法填空)
1．[2020·浙江卷7月] This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then，with ________ rise of science，changes began.
2．[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]The plum trees are ________ first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
3．[2021·烟台、菏泽市高三水平诊断]Some reports also show that ________ number of giant pandas in the wild is on the rise.
4．[2021·烟台市高考诊断性测试]They either made equipment themselves or had to share ________ very few items they had among all the children.
5．[2021·河北衡水中学联考]Shen Maosheng, who led the dig, said most of the newly found warriors can be divided into two groups. One group is carrying poles, while ________ other carries bows.


语法填空解题技法
【典例感悟】
1．[2021·东北三校高三模拟]What did she do to deserve such ________ honor? Compared with other male poets in China, who have left hundreds or even thousands of poems，she has only eighty­seven.
2．[2021·济南市高三针对性练习]Although there has been ________ increasing amount of literature about tea in recent years，such literature is certainly not new.
3．[2021·山西省八校高三第一次联考]The NYPD hopes in ________ long term the information can be used to tailor manpower to each police station in the city.
4．[2019·全国卷Ⅰ]Of ________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six are stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.
5．[2021·衡阳市高三毕业班联考三]To ensure the accuracy of the measurement, and to work it in ________ more effective way, experts were invited to assist in the technical design and planning of the project from the beginning.
6．[2019·浙江卷]Everybody wears ________ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways.

【答题微点】
语法填空解题“2定向”
1．根据泛指或特指选择冠词
如果空格后的名词或“形容词＋名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。
(1)如果空格及后面的名词可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”，一般填a/an。如果可翻译成“这/那个，这/那些”一般填the;
(2)如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。
2．根据固定句式或固定搭配选择冠词
英语中有很多带有冠词的固定句式或短语，记住这些句式和短语也有利于解决此类问题。
代词

考点一 代词的基本用法
1.人称代词与物主代词

类别
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
主格(作主语)
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
宾格(作宾语)
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
形容词性物主
代词(作定语)
my
our
your
your
his
her
its
their
名词性物主代
词(作主语、表
语或宾语)
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
She was beautiful and could run faster than others.
她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。
Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy.
给我一个挑战，我会欣然接受。
He invited some friends of his to attend his birthday party.
他邀请了一些朋友参加他的生日宴会。

2．反身代词
(1)构成：第一、二人称反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加“­self”(复数加­selves)构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加­self(复数加­selves)构成。

数
人称
单数
复数
第一人称
myself
ourselves
第二人称
yourself
yourselves
第三人称
himself/herself/itself
themselves
(2)句法功能：反身代词在句中作宾语、表格或同位语
I sincerely hope you will enjoy yourself at the coming evening party.
我真诚地希望你在即将到来的晚会上玩得开心。

(3)反身代词的习惯用法
dress oneself 自己穿衣
occupy oneself with 忙于
behave yourself 举止规矩有礼
devote oneself to 致力于
apply oneself to 专心致志于
help oneself to 随便吃/用
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
seat oneself 就座，入席
make yourself at home 别客气
teach oneself 自学
adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于
[2017·浙江卷6月]“She thought I had hurt myself，” says Pahlsson.
“她以为我伤到我自己了，”Pahlsson说。

3．指示代词this, that, these, those的用法
指示代词
用法
this/these
指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this也可指下文将要谈到的人或物，起启下的作用
that/those
指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that也可指上文提到过的人或物，起承上的作用
What I want to say is this: you should grasp every minute to finish your work.
我想说的是：你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。

4．不定代词
(1)the other指两者中的另一个，表示特指。
There are two pens here. One is his, and the other is Tom's.
这儿有两支钢笔，一支是他的，另一支是汤姆的。
(2)other作前置定语，修饰可数名词复数，不可单独使用，表示泛指，意为“另外的，其他的”。
We study English, maths, Chinese and other subjects.
我们学习英语、数学、语文以及别的学科。
(3)others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，常用结构：some... others...；而the others表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”。
Some like staying at home at the weekend; others like going to the cinema.
一些人喜欢周末待在家里，另一些人喜欢去看电影。
(4)another泛指同类的人或物，指三者或三者以上的另一个，可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。
I don't like this book. Please give me another one.
我不喜欢这本书，请再给我一本。

5．不定代词both, all, either, any, neither, none

都
任何一个
都不(全部否定)
部分否定
两者
both
either
neither＝not either
both和not连用
三者或三者以上
all
any
none＝not any
all和not连用
Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge.
Niki总是很有想法，但据我所知没一个是有用的。

◎题组微练(单句语法填空)
1．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Data about the moon's composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ________ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
2．[2020·新高考山东卷]As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine ________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
3．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find ________ (they) alive.
4．[2021·湖南长郡中学检测]However，quite a few others，especially ________ in the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”．
5．[2021·泰安模拟]As far as I am concerned，cycling is a good solution.For one thing，bicycles don't need any petrol and they are energy­saving. For ________， bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won't give off waste gas.

考点二 it的用法
1.it作人称代词的用法
(1)it用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。
The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.
史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。
(2)it指时间、距离、天气等。
It's about 112 miles from London to Birmingham.
从伦敦到伯明翰大约有112英里。
2．用于某些句型
It's (about/high) time＋that­从句　某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时，有时也用“should＋动词原形”)
It's the first/second... time＋that sb.has/have done
这是某人第几次做某事
It's＋时间段＋since­从句　自从……有多长时间了
It's＋时间段＋before­从句　过了多长时间才……
As far as I know, it is 8 years since his father passed away.
据我所知，他父亲去世已经八年了。
3．it作形式主语(宾语)的用法
it常作形式主语(宾语)，替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
(1)it作形式主语的句型
①It＋be＋adj.＋(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。
As far as I'm concerned, it's necessary to have a good command of English.
就我个人看来，掌握英语是必要的。
②It＋be＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
It is silly of you to give up such a good chance.
放弃这么好的一次机会你真傻。
③It＋be＋n.(＋for sb./sth.)＋to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有：pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.
年轻人占据老年人座位没有礼貌。
④It＋be＋adj./n.＋doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有：no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。
It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.
独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it作形式主语，动名词短语living alone without...为真正的主语)
⑤It＋be＋n./adj.＋主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange＋that从句”中，从句的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”，且should可以省略。
It's necessary and important that we should master the skills of operating computers.
我们应该掌握电脑操作技术，这有必要而且非常重要。
(2)it作形式宾语的情况
①主语＋believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make＋it＋adj./n.＋不定式/动名词/从句。
No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。
②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it，然后接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)：like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。
I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration.
如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。
I hate it when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.
我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟的。

◎题组微练(单句语法填空)
1．[2021·安庆市二模]Every new year in the heartland of industrial China, thousands upon thousands of motorcyclists brave the weather and hit the road, determined to make ________ home.
2．[2018·浙江卷]Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out.
3．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ________ every day.


语法填空解题技法
【典例感悟】
1．[2020·北京卷]She recognized ________ (I) potential and showed me that I could write with creativity and enthusiasm.
2．[2021·四川绵阳第二次诊断]The young policeman was touched by ________ (they) loss and sadness, and said that he was more than willing to act as their son.
3．[2021·南昌一模]The village of Zhouzhuang in Jiangsu calls ________ (it) “the oldest water town in China”．
4．[2021·安徽六校第二次联考]It falls on the first Saturday in April. ________ (it) aim is to honor and celebrate America's children and stress the importance of love as they grow up.
5．[2021·济南市高三质量评估]The scientists say an area of the brain assigns memories to smells and stores ________ (they) for decades.
6．[2021·福州模拟]And the hutong today is fading into the shade for ________ tourists and local people.

【答题微点】
语法填空解题“2定向”
1．通过句子成分确定所填代词的形式
(1)如果作主语，则用人称代词的主格；
(2)如果作宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；
(3)如果作定语，则用形容词性物主代词；
(4)如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又反射到句子主语，则用反身代词。
2．通过句式结构和“指代”，判断是否用it
(1)如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，则用it；
(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况，则用it；
(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it；
(4)注意一些固定用法：dislike/hate/appreciate/depend on/see to ...＋it＋从句。

介词

考点一 介词的基本用法
1.at, in, on表示时间
(1)at表示某一时刻
at 12：00 (在12点), at noon (在中午), at night (在夜里), at midnight (在半夜), at dawn/daybreak (在黎明，破晓)，at sunrise/sunset (在日出/日落)，at dusk(在黄昏)。
(2)in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等较长的时间
in the 1980's/1980s, in the Qing Dynasty, in October, in the morning/afternoon/evening。
(3)on用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如：某日、某节日、星期几等)，或某一具体日子的上午、下午、晚上等。
on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day, on the morning of July 3rd。

2．by, before, after, until/till, during, within表示时间
(1)by 到……时(为止)
(2)before 在……以前
(3)after 在……后
(4)until/till 直到……为止
(5)during 在……期间
(6)within 在……之内
He often falls asleep during the class, which makes his teacher very angry.
他常常上课睡觉，这使他的老师很生气。

3．between, among表示“在……之间”
between指“在……之间(两者之间)”，常和and连用； among表示“在……之间(三者或三者以上)”。
Keep the close relationship between teachers and students.
保持亲密的师生关系。

4．by, in, on, with表示“使用……工具、手段、方式等”
(1)by表示“乘，坐(交通工具)”或“通过……方式”。
(2)in当“用”讲时，后常接表示语言、材料等的词。
(3)with表示使用某种具体的工具、手段等。
①by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship, by bus, by air
②go to school on my bike, on foot
Her parents always talk to her in German.
她的父母总是用德语和她交谈。
We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.
我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。

5．about, on表示“关于”
about多用于表示内容比较普通、不太正式的情形，on多指内容属于专门性的，是严肃的或学术性的，有时两者可通用。
He gave a report on/about the international situation at the meeting.
他在会上做了一个关于国际形势的报告。

6．from, since表示时间
(1)from表示开始的时间，译为“从……开始”，多用于“from... to/till”结构中。
(2)since表示“自……以后，从……以来”。
We work from Monday to Friday every week.
我们每周从周一工作到周五。
I haven't heard from him since last year.
自从去年，我就没有收到过他的来信。

7．with的常见用法
(表示关系)和……一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示方式)用……，凭借……；(表示原因)由于，因为。
Would you like to go to the theatre with us?
你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？
The small child trembled with fear.
那个小孩吓得打哆嗦。

8．for的用法
表示“为了；给，对(表示对象、用途等)；因为，由于；向，往(表示去向)；就……而言”。
The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.
我们大多数人最关心的是公共教育的质量问题。

9．without的用法
表示“没有，缺乏；不和……在一起；不用；不拿；不带”。
It is a pity that David is away on business. Anyhow, you've got a great deal of time to tour in New York without him.
很遗憾，大卫出差了。不管怎样，你有大量时间可以单独在纽约游览。

10．against的用法
(表示方位)倚靠着……；(表示态度)反对；(表示对比)以……为背景。
An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.
看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。

11．beyond的用法
(表示位置)在……另一边；在……更远处；(表示程度)超出；非……所能及。
Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.
听了她感人的故事，大家都被感动得无以言表。

◎题组微练(单句语法填空)
1．[ 2020·浙江卷1月]This aging of the population is driven ________ two factors.
2．[2021·四川绵阳高三诊断]Cleaner air has been most noticeable. For example, ________ April 3, people living in Jalandhar, a city in the north, woke up to a sight: snow­covered Himalayan mountains more than 160 kilometers away.
3．[2021·山东省师大附中阶段性检测]The most important thing is to practice.You can do this ________ joining such kind of clubs.

考点二 固定搭配
1.名词与介词搭配
by accident 偶然
by chance 碰巧
on board 在船上(或飞机上、火车上)
on business 因公出差
on average 平均
in charge 掌管，主管
in particular 特别；尤其；详细地
in place 适当的，恰当的
in the distance 在远处
in favo(u)r of 赞成；支持
in honour of 为了纪念；对……表示敬意
in spite of 尽管，虽然
in turn 依次；转而
in vain 徒劳
in memory of 为纪念……
in return 作为回报
in order 按顺序；处于良好状态

2．动词与介词搭配
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物
call at 访问(某地)
call for 要求；需要
care about 关心
do harm to 伤害
fix one's eyes on 注视
get rid of 免除；摆脱
run out of 用完
come up with 提出
make fun of 取笑
adapt to 适应
refer to 涉及；查阅
come across (偶然)遇见
pick up 捡起；用车接(某人)；接收；偶然习得

3．形容词与介词搭配
be curious about 对……好奇
be proud of 因……而自豪
be popular with 受到……的欢迎
be anxious about 为……忧虑
be concerned about 对……担心、忧虑
be present at 出席
be absent from 缺席
be free from 免于

◎题组微练(单句语法填空)
1．[2021·昆明市 “三诊一模”]The stores also allow plastic collectors to use the money they earn to pay ________ health care or school.
2．[2021·云南省七校高考适应性考试三]A couplet writer may show his feelings ________ means of describing the scenery or expressing his wishes in his works.
3．[2021·陕西省重点中学模拟]The United Nations invites each person of any age，plus every classroom，business and government to join ________ celebration of the International Day of Happiness.
4．[2021·长春市高三质量监测一]They think 12 yuan for an order is too much. Besides，many more people doubt if these collectors will wash their hands after dealing ________ the trash.
5．[2021·厦门市第二次质量检查]In Singapore there's no better place to find Chinese medicines than in Chinatown－a colorful and lively place, rich ________ Chinese culture and history.


语法填空解题技法
【典例感悟】
1．[2021·广州市综合检测二]He even received a medal ________ the Chinese government for his conservation efforts.
2．[2021·山东师范大学附属中学模拟]The giant panda，also known as panda bear or simply panda, is a bear native ________ south central China.
3．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ________ earth, Mother Nature.
4．[2020·新高考山东卷]Museums must compete ________ people's spare time and money with other amusements.
5．[2020·浙江卷7月] Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived ________， through agriculture.

【答题微点】
语法填空解题“2策略”
1．分析句子成分
如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词、代词或动名词前一定是填介词。
2．记牢搭配
(1)注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用；
(2)注意有特殊用法的介词，如接复合宾语就只能用with或without。


语法填空
[2021·山东历城二中第一次模拟]What you spend rather than what you earn 1.________ (help) to determine how content you are with life, a new study says.
Research from the Office for National Statistics found spending on hotels, restaurants and household furnishings was associated with life satisfaction. 2.________ (unsurprising), spending on insurance and mobile phones was not. But the ONS said that overall spending and income mattered less than personal circumstances when 3.________ (measure) life satisfaction. Good health, marital status (婚姻状况) and economic activity had the strongest associations with how positively life satisfaction is rated.
Its analysis found that age also mattered：the young have 4.________ (high) life satisfaction than those in their forties but life satisfaction rises again in later years, before falling again for those in their eighties. Living 5.________ (condition) were also important. Those who own their homes think their life satisfaction is more highly than 6.________ in poverty.
But while spending is more important than income, households with 7.________ income of between ￡24,000 and ￡44,000 would feel more 8.________ (satisfy)if their income increased, the ONS found. The ONS said, “There is no evidence of a significant association between household income 9.________ life satisfaction overall after accounting for other characteristics, such as age, 10.________ (marry) and so on.”









第四讲　冠词、代词和介词
冠词
突破高考重点　点拨易错易混
考点一
1．答案与解析：a　考查冠词。根据下文的chance 可知， 这里语意表示“非常实际的一个可能性”， 故填不定冠词， 表示泛指。
2．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。此处特指重庆市，故用定冠词the。
3．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。此处表示一只大约人类拇指大小的棕色蝙蝠。the size of意为“……的大小”，为固定用法，所以填the。
4．答案与解析：an　考查冠词。句意：泉州作为一个国际港口，拥有大量出国的中国人，可以追踪到全球130多个国家和地区。分析句子结构可知，空处填冠词，再根据句意可知，international port表示泛指，又因是元音开头，故填an。
5．答案与解析：the　根据语境可知，此处的party特指上文中的“a dance party”，所以填the。
考点二
1．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。根据空后的rise of science可知，此处是名词的限定性修饰，语意表示“科学的兴起”，故填定冠词the，表示特指。
2．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。序数词前加定冠词the，表示“第几个”。
3．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。此处指野生大熊猫的数量在增加。the number of是固定短语，意为“……的数量”。故填the。
4．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。items后有定语从句修饰，故用the表特指。
5．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。one...the other...为固定用法。 此处特指另一组，应用定冠词，故填the。
刷经典试题　明晰解题技法
语法填空解题技法
1．答案与解析：an　考查冠词。此处的honor意为“荣誉”，应用不定冠词修饰，且honor的发音以元音音素开头，所以填an。
2．答案与解析：an　考查冠词。an amount of为常见搭配，又amount前有increasing修饰，该词的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。
3．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。in the long term“从长远来看”，所以用the。
4．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。此处特指确认的19个亚种群，故用定冠词the。
5．答案与解析：a　考查冠词。句意同上，way是可数名词，此处泛指“一种更有效的方式”，应该用不定冠词修饰，more的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
6．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。此处特指校服的款式相同，the same...“相同的……”，故填the。
代词
突破高考重点　点拨易错易混
考点一
1．答案与解析：its　考查代词。此处表示“它的计划”，故用形容词性物主代词its。
2．答案与解析：themselves　考查反身代词。根据语境可知，主语visitors发出的动作imagine作用于自身，此处应用反身代词形式，故答案为themselves。
3．答案与解析：them　考查代词之人称代词。分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作find的宾语，故要用人称代词的宾格。they的宾格为them。
4．答案与解析：those　考查代词。根据语境可知，空处指那些在农村地区的人，表示复数，故填代词those。
5．答案与解析：another　句意为：在我看来，骑自行车是一个不错的解决方案。一方面，自行车不需要汽油，并且节能；另一方面，自行车也很环保，因为它们不会释放任何废气。for one thing，for another表示“一方面，另一方面”。
考点二
1．答案与解析：it　考查代词。句意：每年春节，在中国工业的中心地带，成千上万的骑摩托的人不畏寒冷的天气，骑摩托上路，下定决心回家。make it to sp.为固定搭配，意为“成功到某地”，home为副词，不与介词连用，make it home意为“成功到家”，故填it。
2．答案与解析：it　分析句子结构可知，该宾语从句是it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语的句子。
3．答案与解析：it　考查代词。根据上文的“the railway quickly ...”可知，此处用it代替the railway。
刷经典试题　明晰解题技法
语法填空解题技法
1．答案与解析：my　考查代词。分析句子结构可知， 此处的potential是名词， 意为“潜力”， 故此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词， 故填my。
2．答案与解析：their　考查代词。句意：这位年轻的警察被他们的失子之痛所触动……根据空后的loss and sadness(名词短语)可知，该空应填形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。
3．答案与解析：itself　考查反身代词。句意：江苏周庄自称“中国最古老的水乡”。用反身代词itself作calls的宾语。
4．答案与解析：Its　考查代词。句意：该节日的目的是对美国儿童表示庆祝，让人们重视“爱中成长”的重要性。设空处修饰名词aim，联系上句可知，此处表示此节日的目的，表示所属关系，指物，故用形容词性物主代词，又因设空处在句首，首字母要大写，故填Its。
5．答案与解析：them　考查代词。此处应用they的宾格形式作动词smells和stores的宾语。故填them。
6．答案与解析：both　考查固定搭配。both...and...为固定搭配，意为“两者都……”。
介词
突破高考重点　点拨易错易混
考点一
1．答案与解析：by　考查介词。 空处位于表示被动的动词后， 故应该填by。
2．答案与解析：on　考查介词。根据后文April 3可知表示在具体的某一天应用介词on。
3．答案与解析：by　考查介词。句意：你可以通过参加这样的俱乐部来做这件事。根据句意及后面的doing可知，此处用表达“通过……”的介词。
考点二
1．答案与解析：for　考查介词。pay for sth.“为……付款”是固定用法，所以填介词for。
2．答案与解析：by　考查介词。此处表示“借助于”，故用介词by构成by means of“借助……手段”短语。
3．答案与解析：in　考查介词。联合国邀请每个年龄层的人以及每个教室、企业和政府一道庆祝国际幸福日。in celebration of “庆祝……”。
4．答案与解析：with　考查介词。此处考查动词短语deal with“处理”。
5．答案与解析：in　句意：在新加坡，没有比唐人街更好地找到中药的地方了，它是一个丰富多彩而充满生机的地方，有着丰富的中国文化和历史。(be)rich in“在……方面丰富”。故填in。
刷经典试题　明晰解题技法
语法填空解题技法
1．答案与解析：from　考查介词。结合语境可知，空处表示来源，所以填from。
2．答案与解析：to　考查介词。句意：大熊猫或被称为熊猫是中国南方本土动物。native to是固定短语，“本土的”，故填to。
3．答案与解析：on　考查固定搭配。on earth“在世上”。
4．答案与解析：for　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表达的是“为了人们的空闲时间和金钱与其他的娱乐活动进行竞争”。compete for“为……竞争”，故应用介词for。
5．答案与解析：in　考查介词。live in是固定词组，表示“在……地方生活”，故填in。
对点跟踪检测　提升应试能力
语法填空
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究， 并列举了几种主要的能决定一个人对生活的满意程度的因素。
1．答案与解析：helps　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：一项新的研究表明，开支比收入更能决定一个人对生活的满意程度。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，根据本句的时态及空后的a new study says可知，本句介绍一般事实，应用一般现在时，且此处主语为从句，谓语动词应用单数形式，故填helps。
2．答案与解析：Unsurprisingly　考查词性转换。句意：保险和手机方面的支出与对生活的满意度没有关联， 这不足为奇。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语修饰整个句子， 应填副词，故填Unsurprisingly。
3．答案与解析：measuring　考查非谓语动词。句意：但英国国家统计局表示， 在衡量生活满意度时，总体支出和收入的重要性低于个人情况。分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词mattered, 因此measure应用非谓语形式，且measure与其逻辑主语the ONS之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填measuring。
4．答案与解析：higher　考查形容词的比较级。句意：分析发现年龄也很重要：年轻人的生活满意度比40多岁的人高， 但生活满意度在之后几年会再次上升， 而80多岁的人则会再次下降。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作定语，根据设空处后的than可知，此处应用比较级，故填higher。
5．答案与解析：conditions　考查名词的单复数。句意：生活条件也很重要。分析句子结构可知，设空处作主语，应用名词。且空后谓语动词为复数形式，故此处名词也应用复数形式。故填conditions。“living conditions”意为“生活条件”。
6．答案与解析：those　考查代词。句意：那些拥有自己的家的人认为自己的生活满意度比贫困人口高。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句子中作宾语，指代“贫困的人”，表示泛指，故填those。
7．答案与解析：an　考查冠词。句意：但英国国家统计局发现， 尽管支出比收入更重要， 但收入在2.4万至4.4万英镑之间的家庭， 如果收入增加， 会感到更满足。“an income of...”为固定搭配，意为“……的收入”，故填an。
8．答案与解析：satisfied　考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句子中作表语，应用形容词。结合句意可知，此处表示“感到满意的”，故填satisfied。
9．答案与解析：and　考查连词。句意：英国国家统计局说：“没有证据表明，在考虑到年龄、婚姻等其他特征后，家庭收入与总体生活满意度之间存在显著的关联。”分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处为between...and...结构， 表示“在……与……之间”，故填and。
10．答案与解析：marriage　考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中与age作并列宾语，应用名词。故填marriage。