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2022届山东省实验中学高三上学期11月月考英语试题含解析
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这是一份2022届山东省实验中学高三上学期11月月考英语试题含解析，共23页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分30分）等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022届山东省实验中学高三上学期11月月考英语试题
第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共95分）
第一部分 听力（共两节，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标注在试卷的相应位置。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How will the two speakers probably go to the bookstore?
A. On foot. B. By taxi. C. By bus.
2. What is the first thing the man is going to do tonight?
A. Doing homework. B. Writing letters. C. Preparing for the exam.
3. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A At the cinema. B. In the garden. C. In the zoo.
4. Why doesn’t the man want to buy the suit?
A. He doesn’t like the color and the material.
B. The suit doesn’t fit him.
C. The suit is a little expensive.
5. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The man will take a sleeping pill.
B. The man didn’t sleep well last night.
C. The woman will go to buy some sleeping pills.
第二节: 听下面5段对话或独白, 每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6—8小题。
6. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Doctor and patient. C. Teacher and student.
7. What does the man call the woman for?
A. To hand in his roommate’s paper.
B To ask about his roommate’s illness.
C. To ask her to see his sick roommate.
8. What does the man have to do in the afternoon?
A. Visit the woman. B. Meet the secretary. C. Have a meeting.
听下面一段对话，回答第9—11小题。
9. Why can’t the man find Susan’s house?
A. He hasn’t been told how to get there.
B. He has forgotten to bring the map Susan gave him.
C. He has arrived at a wrong place.
10. Where is the bank?
A. It is next to the bus stop.
B. It is on the corner beside the bus stop.
C. It is on the corner across the street.
11. Where is Susan’s house?
A. It is the seventh house from the corner on the man’s right.
B. It is the seventh house from the corner on the man’s left.
C. It is the seventeenth house from the corner on the man’s right.
听下面一段对话，回答第12—15小题。
12. Why can’t the girl go to a movie on Wednesday?
A. She has to work after school.
B. She has to catch up on her lessons.
C. She has to practice her piano.
13. What does the girl have to do on Saturday?
A. Cleaning the garage.
B. Picking up her room.
C. Finishing her English homework.
14. Why does the girl care about the show time very much?
A. Because she will do her homework after the film.
B. Because she will do her homework first.
C. Because she will take an English class first.
15. Which movie showing is the girl going to see?
A.5:00 p.m.. B.7:00 p.m.. C.9:00 p.m..
听下面一段对话，回答第16—17小题。
16. What does the woman’s uncle do?
A. He plays music. B. He has a restaurant. C. He is a news reporter.
17. What does the man have?
A. A bank. B. A band. C. A camera.
听下面一段独白，回答第18—20小题。
18. Why is Martha away from home?
A. She’s going to a conference.
B. She’s going to see her mother.
C. She’s going for a holiday.
19. What does Martha want John to do?
A. Visit her doctor. B. Look after her house. C. Set the alarm at night.
20. What can we learn about Martha?
A. She will come back on Tuesday.
B. She used to be a literature teacher.
C. She goes to London with expectation.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
If you’re looking to buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and get the best hoverboard?
What is a Hoverboard?
A hoverboard is a two-wheeled personal transportation device. It’s electrical, portable and became highly popular in 2015 in reference to a popular 1980’s movie. Typically, this self-balancing device operates like a powered skateboard.
How Does a Hoverboard Work?
The device may have many designs, but the mechanism itself isn’t complicated. Basically, a standard hoverboard contains:
•Battery: stores the electrical power. Almost all hoverboards use a high-watt lithium-ion battery.
•Gyroscope (one for each wheel): allows riders to tilt (倾斜) the hoverboard while maintaining balance and adjusting their direction.
•Motor (one in each wheel): provides the power to the wheels to keep the rider balanced and upright.
•Logic board: functions as the hoverboard brain. It processes data — your speed, tilt, etc. — and sends information to the motors. This unit controls the power of the board so riders can adjust their speed.
All the above components work together to control the power and tilt of the hoverboards so the rider is balanced, upright and moving at a controlled speed.
Why Buy a Hoverboard?
Undoubtedly, hoverboards are cool. You’ve probably seen kids riding one around the house. They’re a phenomenon and everybody wants in. So, why deny your kids and prevent them from being part of this trend?
Where is a hoverboard legal?
Despite their wild popularity, hoverboards have yet to become “street-legal”. Currently, some places prohibit anyone under 16 from using these devices, and hoverboards are banned in academic institutions and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway stations. Some places have also put speed limits on the devices and restricted their use to bike paths. However, open areas — including your yard — are free of these restrictions.
1. The logic board of a hoverboard can ______.
A. store electricity
B. power the wheels
C. send information to the riders
D. receive data and give command
2. According to the passage, a hoverboard can be used ______.
A. on campus B. in parks
C. on bike paths D. in shopping malls
3. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To evaluate a gift’s quality.
B. To recommend a gift choice.
C. To compare new hoverboard models.
D. To clarify functions of the latest hoverboards.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一则推荐类的广告。文章主要介绍了悬滑板（平衡车）的相关情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由•Logic board 部分中的It processes data — your speed, tilt, etc.— and sends information to the motors. This unit controls the power of the board so riders can adjust their speed.可知，它处理数据——你的速度、倾斜度等——并将信息发送给电动机。这个装置控制着滑板的力量，所以骑手们可以调整他们的速度。由此我们可以判断logic board可以接收数据，并发出指令。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段中的Currently, some places prohibit anyone under 16 from using these devices, and hoverboards are banned in academic institutions and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway stations.可知，目前，一些地方禁止16岁以下的人使用这些设备，学术机构和公共场所也禁止使用悬滑板（平衡车），比如校园建筑、公园、购物中心和地铁站。选项A校园，B公园，D购物中心都被排除。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段中的If you’re looking to buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and get the best hoverboard?可知，如果你想给你的孩子买礼物，为什么不紧跟潮流，买最好的悬滑板（平衡车）呢？由此可知，这篇文章是帮大家推荐一款给孩子的礼物。故选B项。
【点睛】解目的意图类的推理判断题，一般是结合首段或者末段，就可以找到文章的目的意图。如第3小题，问文章的目的是什么，我们结合第一段中的If you’re looking to buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and get the best hoverboard?可知，如果你想给你的孩子买礼物，为什么不紧跟潮流，买最好的悬滑板（平衡车）呢？由此可知，这篇文章是帮大家推荐一款给孩子的礼物。故选B项。
B
Amanda Kofoeds had found a strange lump in her arm one day and visited a doctor at a friend's urging. During this time, she was enrolled in school for education and was currently uninsured due to the expense. She planned to save money so she could get on her husband' s insurance and then seek medical treatment for the cancer.
Her friends and family didn't want her to postpone her treatment due to the expense. They took matters into their own hands and started a GoFundMe campaign. The friend came up with the creative idea to spread the word and invite family, friends, and strangers who wanted to help to participate in a donation flash mob (快闪行动).The event started an outpouring of enormous generosity from the local community.
Amanda and her husband Clint teared up as the crowd passed by and the donations poured in. The generous act of kindness gave the family a comforting, and optimistic feeling during a time when all hope seemed lost. Clint said that Amanda struggled with the idea of asking for help. She felt guilty and undeserving compared to others who are also struggling.
In the time since, Amanda has enrolled in an insurance plan and has finished chemotherapy. Life for the family has started getting back to their normal routine.
Once Amanda got her strength back, she returned to school and completed her bachelor's degree in education. She is now a teacher. She said the experience motivated her to instill (灌输) the value of charity in her children. The family is now inspired to volunteer in their local neighborhood and contribute to crowdfunding (众筹) efforts. They are grateful for the opportunity to give back and help others as many have helped them.
The couple said they feel blessed by the strong support. PassItOn wants to celebrate those heroes during the family's darkest time. These individuals perfectly demonstrate the value of community. It is with the help of their generosity that the family is now happy, healthy and whole.
4. Why did Amanda Kofoeds postpone her treatment?
A. She was admitted to a school.
B. Her family couldn't afford the medical cost.
C No good doctors could treat her cancer.
D. Her friends and family refused to assist her.
5. What did her friends do to help Amanda Kofoeds?
A. They started a donation flash mob.
B. They founded a community school.
C. They supported her through local hospitals.
D. They fought for assistance from the whole country.
6. Which word best describes the couple's feeling when strongly supported?
A. Guilty. B. Satisfied. C. Anxious. D. Grateful.
7. What can we learn from Amanda Kofoeds' story?
A. Hard work pays off.
B. The value of charity is great.
C. Education is the key to success.
D. A friend is never known till a man has need.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Amanda 患癌后经济拮据，推迟学业，推迟治疗，她的朋友们知道后为她组织了快速众筹行动，亲人朋友们很快筹到钱治病。现在他们一家感恩，做志愿者回报社会。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“She planned to save money so she could get on her husband' s insurance and then seek medical treatment for the cancer.(她计划省钱，这样她就可以买丈夫的保险，然后就可以为癌症看病了)”及第二段“Her friends and family didn't want her to postpone her treatment due to the expense.(她的朋友和家人不希望她因为费用问题而推迟治疗)”可知，Amanda经济拮据，负担不起治疗费用。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The friend came up with the creative idea to spread the word and invite family, friends, and strangers who wanted to help to participate in a donation flash mob (快闪行动). (有朋友想出了一个创意，想要传播这个消息，邀请想帮忙的家人、朋友和陌生人参加一个捐赠快闪会)”可知，朋友们为她举行了一下慈善捐款快闪行动。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“She said the experience motivated her to instill (灌输) the value of charity in her children. The family is now inspired to volunteer in their local neighborhood and contribute to crowdfunding (众筹) efforts. They are grateful for the opportunity to give back and help others as many have helped them.(她说这次经历促使她灌输慈善的价值给孩子们。现在全家被鼓舞当志愿者在当地社区,为众筹努力。他们很感激有机会回报别人，帮助别人，就像很多人曾经帮助过他们一样)”可知，Amanda夫妇很感恩。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“These individuals perfectly demonstrate the value of community. It is with the help of their generosity that the family is now happy, healthy and whole.(这些人完美地展示了社区的价值。正是由于他们的慷慨相助，这个家庭现在才幸福、健康、完整)”并结合全文可知，全文主旨，慈善的价值是巨大的。故选B项。
C
Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial (细菌的) infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. The traffic light system works just like this: Green means no bacteria or a low concentration of bacteria, yellow means drug-sensitive (DS) bacteria responsive to standard antibiotics (抗生素) and causes antibiotic release, and red means drug-resistant (DR) bacteria that need extra help to be wiped out.
In testing the bandage on mice, the research team was able to successfully treat both DS and DR infections using the new method. However, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments. Moreover, the abuse of antibiotics causes the accelerated process of bacterial resistance.
It’s easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations. Treatment doesn’t have to wait for a doctor to make a diagnosis, and the bandage can get the right sort of drugs applied at the earliest opportunity. What’s more, the person wearing the bandage gets real-time feedback on what’s happening with the infection, if there’s an infection at all. The researchers say it offers numerous benefits over existing treatments that make use of light, including photodynamic therapy or PDT.
We’ve been seeing quite a few upgrades to the traditional bandage in recent years, thanks to advances in science — like the nanofiber mesh that attracts bacteria and draws some of it out, speeding up the healing process. Then there’s the novel bandage for treating burns, which stops bacteria from multiplying and lowers the risk of infection.
The more work that a bandage can do while it’s protecting a wound, the better. Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we've got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what’s going on too.
8. What is the smart bandage mainly designed to do?
A. Avoid the use of antibiotics. B. Clear out harmful bacteria.
C. Detect bacterial infections. D. Increase treatment options.
9. What is the advantage of the smart bandage?
A. It saves much time and cost. B. It removes the risk of infection.
C. It prevents the bacterial resistance. D. It improves doctor-patient relationship.
10. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A. Traditional bandages are out of use now.
B. More smart bandages will be developed.
C. Progress in science calls for more research.
D. People are urged to study medical science.
11. What does the text focus on?
A. A successful test on mice. B. A colour-changing bandage.
C. Sensing drug-resistant bacteria. D. Preventing abuse of antibiotics.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带，它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型，并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。文章说明了这种绷带的优势以及预测未来的发展。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial (细菌的) infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand.可知，科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带，它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型，并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。由此可知，智能绷带的主要功能是检测细菌感染。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中However, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments.可知，然而，常用的电阻检测方法受到时间、专业人员的要求和昂贵仪器的限制。以及第三段第一句It’s easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations.可知，很容易看出一个简单的绷带和光可以克服这些限制。由此可知，智能绷带的优点是节省了很多时间和成本。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we’ve got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what’s going on too.可知，改进绷带的努力仍在继续，现在我们有了一种绷带，不仅能释放抗生素，还能告诉病人到底发生了什么。由此可推知，更多的智能绷带将被开发。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial (细菌的) infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand.可知，科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带，它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型，并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。结合文章还说明了这种绷带的优势和未来的发展趋势。由此可推知，文章的重点是变色绷带。故选B。
【点睛】隐含意义推理判断题。这类题的题干中常含有：infer/suggest/imply/conclude/intend/purpose/be likely to等标志性词语。解决这类问题时要理解文章潜在的含义和作者所给的提示。同时，要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作出合理的猜测和推断。
如第3小题，根据最后一段中Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we’ve got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what’s going on too.可知，改进绷带的努力仍在继续，现在我们有了一种绷带，不仅能释放抗生素，还能告诉病人到底发生了什么。由此可推知，更多的智能绷带将被开发。故选B。
D
A group of blue-faced birds step through the grass shoulder to shoulder, red eyes looking around. They look like middle schoolers seeking a cafeteria table at lunchtime. Perhaps they’re not so different.
A new study, led by Damien Farine, an ornithologist who studies collective behaviour, shows that the vulturine guineafowl of eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel societies. In the past, scientists assumed such social structures required a lot of brainpower. But the pea-brained guineafowl are revealing the faults in that assumption.
These large birds wander across the landscape in packs, often walking so closely that their bodies touch. They may fight each other to maintain their strict hierarchies (等级制度), but at other times they engage in friendly behaviours like sharing food.
Suspecting the guineafowl might have a social structure, Dr. Farine and his colleagues began a thorough study of their society. For a whole year, they made daily observations of 441 birds. Coloured leg bands in unique combinations let researchers tell the black-and-blue birds apart. They also attached GPS devices to the backs of 58 birds, which let them see exactly where every group went, 24 hours a day.
The findings of the research suggest that the vulturine guineafowl have a multilevel society. There are groups within groups within the population as a whole. There even seem to be groups of friends within the small groups. This is the first time anyone has observed such a society in a bird.
And Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular bird’s tiny brain size: “They don’t only have small brains relative to mammals (哺乳动物), they also have quite small brains relative to other birds,” he said.
According to him, living in this kind of society might actually make it easier to keep track of the social order. For example, if groups are stable and a bird can identify just one or two individuals within a group, it knows which group it’s looking at — no need for a brain that can recognize every single animal. Multilevel societies also let animals adjust their group sizes based on whatever challenges they’re facing. Depending on what enemies or resources are around, it might make sense to travel in a combined group rather than a smaller one.
“Having a multilevel structure may not require having a large brain,” Dr. Farine said. There may be more birds and other animals out there that, although small-brained, have societies as many-leveled as our own.
12. According to the passage, what inspired Dr. Farine to carry out the study?
A. The guineafowl’s social behaviour.
B. Previous assumptions about birds.
C. His interest in animal brainpower.
D. The faults in earlier research.
13. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The research subjects. B. The research methods.
C. The research findings. D. The research equipment.
14 What can be learned from the passage?
A. Complex social systems can be a disadvantage to the guineafowl.
B. The guineafowl are good at recognizing individuals in a group.
C. Birds maintain social order by travelling in combined groups.
D. Small-brained animals can form multilevel societies.
15. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To present the findings of a study of the guineafowl.
B. To explain the interaction patterns in multilevel societies.
C. To introduce a new approach to observing the guineafowl.
D. To uncover clues about how complex societies are formed.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了鸟类学家Damien Farine团队在非洲东部的一项新的研究发现：小脑动物珍珠鸡也有社会结构。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段中的Suspecting the guineafowl might have a social structure, Dr. Farine and his colleagues began a thorough study of their society.可知，由于怀疑珍珠鸡可能有社会结构，Farine博士和他的同事们开始对它们的社会进行彻底的研究。由此可知，珍珠鸡的社会行为和社会结构让Farine博士和他的同事们有所怀疑，所以他们才进行了彻底的研究。故选A项。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。由第四段中的For a whole year, they made daily observations of 441 birds. Coloured leg bands in unique combinations let researchers tell the black-and-blue birds apart. They also attached GPS devices to the backs of 58 birds, which let them see exactly where every group went, 24 hours a day.可知，一整年，他们每天观察441只鸟。独特组合的彩色腿带让研究人员区分了黑蓝色的鸟类。他们还在58只鸟的背上安装了GPS设备，让它们一天24小时准确地看到每一组鸟的去向。由此可知，这段主要是讲述他们团队如何研究观察的，即他们的研究方法。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。由第五段中的The findings of the research suggest that the vulturine guineafowl have a multilevel society.和第六段中的And Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular bird’s tiny brain size: “They don’t only have small brains relative to mammals (哺乳动物), they also have quite small brains relative to other birds,” he said.可知，研究结果表明，秃鹰珍珠鸡具有多层次的社会结构。Farine博士还强调了这种鸟的大脑很小：“它们不仅与哺乳动物相比，大脑很小，而且与其他鸟类相比，它们的大脑也很小。”由此推知，大脑很小的珍珠鸡也有社会结构。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。结合文章大意，这篇文章主要介绍了Farine博士团队的研究发现：大脑很小的珍珠鸡也有社会结构。所以文章的目的是向我们展示对于珍珠鸡的研究发现。故选A项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Level up Your Self-Control
By definition, self-control is the ability to do something that benefits your long-term goals, instead of something that might satisfy your immediate desires.____16____--we end up sacrificing the well-being of our future selves all too easily.
____17____?
Angela Duckworth, professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, says allocating resources between your present self and future self is an ongoing struggle. For example, exhibiting self-control over spending time on video games and social media, two of the most common temptations（诱惑）of the current era, means battling against age-old mechanisms in your brain.
If you're willing to look deeply into your tendencies and weak points, you can recognize the handful of problems that you need to work on.
____18____To improve self-control at work, Duckworth first recommends taking a future-oriented approach to your day, such as planning breaks and the time for checking emails in advance.
The problem of looking at your cell phone too often, say, can be solved by putting it on mute or, better yet, sticking it in your bag until lunch.____19____.
Finally, Duckworth advises laying a foundation of self-control that you can build of in the future.____20____because of too little sleep the night before, or an insufficient meal in the morning. By practicing healthier living away from the workplace, you can gather the strength and stamina（毅力）to help you control your worst urges when it matters most.
A. One place to start would be the office
B. What problems do you need to work on
C. We've all experienced unproductive workdays
D. But for many of us, short-term satisfactions are irresistible
E. Why is exercising proper self-control so tricky for some, and how to do better
F. If you can resist resigning you may achieve more on your overall self-control
G. Removing the temptation from sight is key to ensuring you're faithful to your mission
【答案】16. D 17. E 18. A 19. G 20. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍我们的自制力无法抵抗短期的诱惑而牺牲我们长期的目标，以及这个问题产生的原因和如何提高我们的自制力。
【16题详解】
空格前一句“By definition, self-control is the ability to do something that benefits your long-term goals, instead of something that might satisfy your immediate desires.”表达的是按照定义，自制力是那种做一些对你自己长期目标有利的事情的能力，而不是做一些可能满足你当下要求的事情。空格后一句“we end up sacrificing the well-being of our future selves all too easily.”表达的是我们实在太容易以牺牲我们未来自己的幸福而结束。由此可见，空格前后表达的是两种对立相反的观点，空格处需表达的是做一些短期当下要求的事情，与前一句形成对立。选项D表达的是“但是对于大多数的我们，短期的满足感是无法抵抗的”，符合语境。故选D。
【17题详解】
空格下一段首句“Angela Duckworth, professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, says allocating resources between your present self and future self is an ongoing struggle.”表达的是安吉拉·达克沃斯，一名宾夕法尼亚大学心理学教授，说在你现在的自己和未来的自己直接进行资源分配是一个持续存在的难题。第四段“If you're willing to look deeply into your tendencies and weak points, you can recognize the handful of problems that you need to work on. ”表达的是如果你乐意进一步的探究你的倾向和弱点，你可能会承认一把你需要去解决的问题。由空格后的这两句内容可知，空格后这两段内容都是对空格提出的问题的解答。选项E“为什么训练合适的自制力对某些人来说是非常棘手的，并且如何能做的更好”，和空格下一段首句表达的“持续存在的难题”以及第四段“解决问题”相呼应。故选E。
【18题详解】
空格后一句提到“To improve self-control at work, Duckworth first recommends taking a future-oriented approach to your day, such as planning breaks and the time for checking emails in advance. ”可知，为了提高在工作上的自制力，达克沃斯首先建议你的一天应该采用一种以未来为导向的方法，例如提前计划好休息时间和查邮件时间。空格后一句是具体表达在工作环境如何提高自制力。选项A“先开始的某个地方可能是办公室”，和空格后一句描述的工作环境相呼应。故选A。
【19题详解】
空格前一句“The problem of looking at your cell phone too often, say, can be solved by putting it on mute or, better yet, sticking it in your bag until lunch.”可知，太频繁地观看你的手机这个问题可以通过禁音或者更好的是，把它放在你包里直到午餐时间。选项G“去除来自视觉的诱惑是确保你忠诚于你的使命的关键”中的“视觉诱惑”和空格前一句“太频繁观看你的手机”相呼应。故选G。
【20题详解】
空格后一句“because of too little sleep the night before, or an insufficient meal in the morning.”表示的是因为前天晚上睡眠不足，或者早餐的不足。由此可知，是对空格原因的说明。选项C“我们大家都经历过徒劳无效的工作日”中的徒劳无效的原因是睡眠不足，或者早餐不足导致，符合语境。故选C。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I remember doing the household chores to help my mother when I was nine. I____21____ changing the vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器) bag and ____22____ things the machine did not suck up. Twenty years later, in 1978, with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked, I decided to make a____23____ one.
Easier said than done, of course. I didn’t realize that I would spend the next five years ____24____ my design, a process that resulted in 5,127 different prototypes (样机). By the time I made my 15th prototype, my third child was born. By 2,627, my wife and I were really____25____ our pennies. By 3,727, my wife was giving art lessons for some extra ____26____, and we were getting further and further into debt. These were tough times, but each failure brought me____27____ to solving the problem.
In the early 1980s, I started trying to get licensing ____28____ for my technology. The reality was very different, however. The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters (滤网). No one would ____29____ my idea, not because it was a bad one, but because it was bad for____30____. But soon after, the companies that I had talked with started making machines like mine. I had to fight____31____ battles on both sides of the Atlantic to protect the patents on my vacuum cleaner.
I was still in ____32____ difficulties until 1993, when my bank manager personally ____33____ Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million. Then I was able to go into production. Within two years, the Dyson vacuum cleaner became a best-seller in Britain.
Today, I still____34____ risk and the potential for failure as part of the process. Nothing____35____ the excitement of invention.
21. A. hated B. liked C. worked D. spent
22. A. dropping by B. showing off C. picking up D. taking over
23. A. new B. bagless C. modern D. bigger
24. A. perfecting B. making C. engaging D. carrying
25. A. write B. count C. put D. buy
26. A. work B. cash C. payment D. business
27. A. happier B. closer C. better D. cooler
28. A. phenomena B. notes C. differences D. agreements
29. A. know B. get C. license D. obtain
30. A. competition B. cooperation C. process D. business
31. A. right B. legal C. trustful D. crazy
32. A. serious B. personal C. financial D. puzzled
33. A. persuaded B. advised C. required D. invited
34. A. describe B. dislike C. hug D. handle
35. A. beats B. recalls C. imagines D. predicts
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者发明了无袋吸尘器，为了保护专利，作者在大西洋两岸打法律战，虽然作者现在仍然面临风险和失败的可能性，但是作者认为没有什么比发明更令人兴奋。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我讨厌换吸尘器的袋子，也讨厌拿起吸尘器不能吸的东西。A. hated恨；B. liked喜欢；C. worked工作；D. spent花费。由后文的“with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked”可知，作者讨厌换吸尘器的袋子，故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我讨厌换吸尘器的袋子，也讨厌捡起吸尘器不能吸的东西。A. dropping by顺便拜访；B. showing off炫耀；C. picking up捡起；D. taking over接管。由后文的“things the machine did not suck up”可知，吸尘器不能吸的东西就需要捡起来，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：二十年后，在1978年，带着对机器工作方式的终生厌恶，我决定做一个无袋的。A. new新的；B. bagless无袋的；C. modern现代的；D. bigger更大的。由上文的“I_____changing the vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器) bag”可知，作者讨厌换吸尘器的袋子，所以想做一个无袋的吸尘器，故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有意识到我要用接下来的5年时间来完善我的设计，这个过程产生了5127个不同的样机。A. perfecting完善；B. making制作；C. engaging从事；D. carrying搬运。由后文的“5,127 different prototypes”可知，结果产生了5127个不同的原型，因此这是一个不断完善的过程，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：到2627个的时候，我和我的妻子已经开始精打细算了。A. write写；B. count数数；C. put放；D. buy买。由后文的“we were getting further and further into debt”可知，作者为了研发无袋的吸尘器而做了很多原型，因此花了很多钱，因此要精打细算，也就是仔细数数有多少钱，故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：到3727个的时候，我妻子开始教美术课以赚取额外收入，我们的债务越来越多。A. work工作；B. cash现金；C. payment支付，报酬；D. business生意。由上文的“giving art lessons for some extra”可知，妻子开始教美术课是为了赚取额外收入，也就是赚取报酬，故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那段时间很艰难，但每次失败都让我离解决问题更近了一步。A. happier更高兴的；B. closer更近的；C. better更好的；D. cooler更凉快的。由“each failure brought me_____ to solving the problem”可知，作者每次失败后会完善自己的产品，因此每次失败都让作者离解决问题更近了一步，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在20世纪80年代早期，我开始为我的技术争取许可协议。A. phenomena现象；B. notes便条；C. differences不同；D. agreements协议。由“get licensing_____ for my technology”可知，作者研发出了产品后要争取许可协议，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人会认可我的想法，不是因为它是一个糟糕的想法，而是因为它对商业不利。A. know知道；B. get得到；C. license许可；D. obtain得到。由上文的“The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters”可知，没有人会认可作者这个无袋的吸尘器，故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意： 没有人会认可我的想法，不是因为它是一个糟糕的想法，而是因为它对商业不利。A. competition竞争；B. cooperation合作；C. process过程；D. business商业。由上文的“The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters”可知，吸尘器是基于袋装和过滤器的利润的商业，因此无袋的吸尘器是对商业不利的，因此空格处是 “商业”，故选D。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了保护我的吸尘器的专利，我不得不在大西洋两岸打法律战。A. right正确的；B. legal合法的，法律的；C. trustful完全信赖别人的；D. crazy疯狂的。由后文的“to protect the patents on my vacuum cleaner”可知，为了保护作者的吸尘器的专利，作者不得不在大西洋两岸打法律战，故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我仍然处于财政困难之中，直到1993年，我的银行经理才说服劳埃德银行借给我100万美元。A. serious严重的；B. personal私人的；C. financial金融的；D. puzzled困惑的。由后文的“until 1993, when my bank manager personally_____ Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million”可知，直到1993年银行经理才说服劳埃德银行借给作者100万美元，在那之前，作者处于财政困难之中，故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到1993年，我的银行经理才说服劳埃德银行借给我100万美元。A. persuaded说服；B. advised建议；C. required要求；D. invited邀请。由后文的“Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million”可知，作者的银行经理说服劳埃德银行借给作者100万美元，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天，我仍然拥抱风险和失败的可能性，认为这是过程的一部分。A. describe描述；B. dislike不喜欢；C. hug拥抱；D. handle处理。由后文的“ potential for failure”可知，作者现在仍然拥抱（欢迎）风险和失败的可能性，即面临着这些，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有什么比发明更令人兴奋。A. beats打败；B. recalls回想；C. imagines想象；D. predicts预测。根据上文讲述的故事可知，作者认为没有什么比发明更令人兴奋，也就是没有什么可以打败发明的兴奋，故选A。
第II卷 （非选择题 共55分)
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A traditional Chinese dance____36____ (perform) underwater in Luoyang, Central China’s Henan Province ,recently went viral on social media during the Dragon Boat Festival.
The impressive dance ____37____ (name) The Prayer, and was the opening performance of gala entitled The Wonderful Tour on Dragon Boat Festival broadcast by Henan Television Station(HNTV) on Saturday.
Featuring the goddess of Luo River --a mysterious beauty ____38____ (well) known in all the poems of Cao Zhi during the Three Kingdoms period, the dancer Haohao He, ____39____ former synchronized swimmer(花样游泳运动员),recreated the elegance of this ancient Chinese goddess.“____40____ (she) body soars lightly like a startled swan. ____41____ (graceful), like a dragon in flight,” Cao Zhi thus described her figure.
The short dance, ____42____ lasted less than two minutes, was seen as a creative combination of contemporary art ____43____ traditional Chinese culture. ____44____ (viewer) were left shocked by both the beauty of the dancer and the creativity involved in putting on the dance underwater. Some said it speaks to real cultural confidence.Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying, also posted the video on Twitter, ____45____ (say) that the dance was “unbelievably beautiful!”
【答案】36. performed
37. is named
38. best 39. a
40. Her 41. Gracefully
42. which 43. and
44. Viewers
45. saying
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了河南省洛阳的一场在水下表演的传统舞蹈——《祈祷》。
【36题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：近日，中国中部河南省洛阳的一场在水下表演的传统舞蹈在端午节期间在社交媒体上走红。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是went，空格处用非谓语形式，“dance”和“perform”之间是被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填performed。
【37题详解】
考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：这支令人印象深刻的舞蹈名为《祈祷》，是河南电视台周六播出的“端午节妙游”晚会的开场表演。这支舞蹈被命名，句子描述客观事实，因此时态用一般现在时，空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，即is/are done，主语“dance”是单数，因此空格处是is named，故填is named。
【38题详解】
考查最高级。句意：以三国时期曹植的诗作中最著名的神秘美女——洛神为主题，舞蹈演员、前花样游泳运动员何浩浩再现了这位中国古代女神的优雅。后面的“in all the poems”表一个范围，因此空格处用最高级best，故填best。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：以三国时期曹植的诗作中最著名的神秘美女——洛神为主题，舞蹈演员、前花样游泳运动员何浩浩再现了这位中国古代女神的优雅。“swimmer”是单数，表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，“former”是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
【40题详解】
考查物主代词。句意：她的身体像一只受惊的天鹅轻盈地飞翔着。“body”和“she”之间是所属关系，空格处是“她的”，用形容词性物主代词her作定语，修饰body，故填Her。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：曹植是这样描述她的身材的:“雍容华贵，如飞龙。”句子接着上文描述她的身体飞翔，空格处用副词gracefully修饰动词soars，gracefully意为“优雅地”，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Gracefully。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句的引导词。句意：这支不到两分钟的短舞被视为当代艺术和中国传统文化的创造性结合。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词dance是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
【43题详解】
考查连词。句意：这支不到两分钟的短舞被视为当代艺术和中国传统文化的创造性结合。“combination”意为“结合”，因此句子是指“当代艺术和中国传统文化的创造性结合”，空格处意为“和”，用and，故填and。
【44题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：观众们被舞者的美丽和水下舞蹈的创造性所震撼。由空格后的“were”可知，空格处用复数，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Viewers。
【45题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：我国外交部发言人华春莹也在推特上发布了这段视频，称舞蹈“美得难以置信!”分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是posted，空格处用非谓语形式，Hua Chunying和say之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词saying表主动，故填saying。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
46. 假定你是学生会“关爱老人”项目的负责人。学生会拟在居假期间组织志愿者到社区帮助老年人学习使用智能手机和上网, 请你给校《英文报》写封倡议书, 内容包括：
1. 老人们遇到的困难；
2. 能提供的帮助和活动的意义；
3. 报名参与项目的方式。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
【答案】Dear fellow students,
On behalf of the Students’ Union, I am writing to call on everyone to take part in our summer program named Care for the Aged.
The modern society is developing rapidly, leaving aged people behind, who have little knowledge of the Internet and digital devices. To help them enjoy the modern technological conveniences, in the coming summer holiday, we will organize volunteers to visit communities to teach them how to use smart phones and surf the Internet. It surely will raise their life quality and make a difference to the whole society.
We need your help. Please sign up at the office of the Students’ Union or write an e-mail to Students Union@abc.cn. Your participation will be highly appreciated.
The Students’ Union
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给校《英文报》写封倡议书，在居假期间组织志愿者到社区帮助老年人学习使用智能手机和上网。
【详解】1.词汇积累
呼吁：call on=appeal to
改善：raise→improve
对……产生影响：make a difference to=have a good effect on
需要：need→want
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It surely will raise their life quality and make a difference to the whole society.
拓展句：It surely will not only raise their life quality but also make a difference to the whole society.
【点睛】[高分句型1] On behalf of the Students’ Union, I am writing to call on everyone to take part in our summer program named Care for the Aged. (运用了过去分词作后置定语)
[高分句型2] The modern society is developing rapidly, leaving aged people behind, who have little knowledge of the Internet and digital devices. (运用了现在分词作状语和who引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It all began when my younger brother, Chris, and I went over to Aunt Barbara and Uncle Howard’s for Thanksgiving. My aunt and uncle lived on a farm at the opposite end of town, and Chris and I loved going there. We lived on a farm, too, and we had to do the morning work before we left. When we finally got to my aunt and uncle’s, Chris and I went outside to see if Uncle Howard needed help with anything. He and Dad had decided to clean out the yard before dinner. Chris and I both helped. But we still found time to ask Uncle Howard a lot of questions about turkeys. He thanked our help, and handed us two turkey eggs when we finished the cleaning work.
“You kids put those under a setting hen,” he said, “and in twenty-five days, you’ll have a couple of fine turkeys” Chris was so excited that he nearly dropped his egg on the way to the house. At dinner, we both couldn’t wait for the grownups to finish talking so we could go home and tend to our eggs. Dad put the eggs under an old hen, and every day Chris and I would check to see if they’d hatched yet.
Twenty-five days seemed like forever. Finally, on the twenty-sixth day, Chris and I walked home after school to find the old hen scratching on the floor. Behind her were two little turkeys, falling over their feet and looking sort of confused.
It wasn’t long before the little turkeys began growing feathers. The old hen would stare at her two strange-looking babies, obviously puzzled as to why they looked so different from her other babies. When they got older, we could tell that they were both toms (雄性) Chris named one Bill, and I named the other Timothy. Day by day, both of them grew up and became stronger and stronger.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Thanksgiving day arrived again, but somehow we couldn’t find Bill.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We decided to save Timothy from ending up on Thanksgiving table.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Paragraph 1:
Thanksgiving day arrived again, but somehow we couldn’t find Bill. There was nothing we could do but went to mom and told her that Bill was missing. My mom looked at us and said briskly, “My dear, don’t worry, we give Bill to Uncle Howard as a Thanksgiving Turkey. When your dad comes back, we will also make plump Timothy for our Thanksgiving dish.” Hearing this, Chris’s face began to pucker and he started to cry. “Don’t worry, Chris,” I said comfortingly. “We’ll save Timothy, somehow.”
Paragraph 2:
We decided to save Timothy from ending up on Thanksgiving table. We worked on an escape plan, and finally decided that we would build a small shack in the woods and keep Timothy there. We managed to take Timothy away before mom noticed it. My brother and I both felt very proud of ourselves. But at the same time, a sense of guilt came over us. We decided to be honest with our parents. After listening to our story, dad wasn’t angry. Instead, he seemed to know that kids did crazy things when growing up. Not only were we not punished, but also we were given the responsibility to take care of Timothy from that day on.
【解析】
【分析】本文以时间为线索展开，讲述了作者和弟弟Chris从叔叔那里得到了两枚火鸡蛋，他们把蛋带回家，让一只老母鸡把小火鸡孵了出来。小火鸡Bill和Timothy越长越大。感恩节到来的时候，Bill被送给了Uncle Howard，妈妈告诉他们也要用Timothy做感恩节火鸡。作者和弟弟不希望这样，于是他们想办法把Timothy藏了起来，让它躲过一劫。父母知道真相后非但没有责备他们，反而让他们照顾Timothy。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“感恩节又到了，可我们怎么也找不到Bill”可知，第一段可描写Bill被送给了Uncle Howard，妈妈告诉他们也要用Timothy做感恩节火鸡，Chris哭了起来。
②由第二段首句内容“我们决定不让Timothy出现在感恩节餐桌上。”可知，第二段可描写作者和Chris不希望这样，于是他们想办法把Timothy藏了起来，父母知道真相后没有责备他们。
2.续写线索：Bill不见了——寻找无果——Bill被送走——准备杀Timothy——决定营救——藏起Timothy——坦白经过——没被责备
3.词汇激活
行为类
①丢失：miss / disappear
②制定逃跑计划：work on an escape plan / make an escape plan
③照顾：take care of / look after
情绪类
①轻松地：briskly / breezily
②自豪：proud of / glory in / with pride
③生气：angry / annoyed
【点睛】[高分句型1]. There was nothing we could do but went to mom and told her that Bill was missing.(运用了省略that引导的限制性定语从句和由that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2].When your father comes back, we will also make plump Timothy for our Thanksgiving dish.(运用了由when引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型3]. Not only were we not punished, but also we were given the responsibility to take care of Timothy from that day on.(运用了not only...but also...句式和部分倒装句)
听力答案：1-5. A B C C B 6-10. C A B B C 11-15. A C A B A 16-20. B B A B C
2022届山东省实验中学高三上学期11月月考英语试题
第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共95分）
第一部分 听力（共两节，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标注在试卷的相应位置。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How will the two speakers probably go to the bookstore?
A. On foot. B. By taxi. C. By bus.
2. What is the first thing the man is going to do tonight?
A. Doing homework. B. Writing letters. C. Preparing for the exam.
3. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A At the cinema. B. In the garden. C. In the zoo.
4. Why doesn’t the man want to buy the suit?
A. He doesn’t like the color and the material.
B. The suit doesn’t fit him.
C. The suit is a little expensive.
5. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The man will take a sleeping pill.
B. The man didn’t sleep well last night.
C. The woman will go to buy some sleeping pills.
第二节: 听下面5段对话或独白, 每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6—8小题。
6. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Doctor and patient. C. Teacher and student.
7. What does the man call the woman for?
A. To hand in his roommate’s paper.
B To ask about his roommate’s illness.
C. To ask her to see his sick roommate.
8. What does the man have to do in the afternoon?
A. Visit the woman. B. Meet the secretary. C. Have a meeting.
听下面一段对话，回答第9—11小题。
9. Why can’t the man find Susan’s house?
A. He hasn’t been told how to get there.
B. He has forgotten to bring the map Susan gave him.
C. He has arrived at a wrong place.
10. Where is the bank?
A. It is next to the bus stop.
B. It is on the corner beside the bus stop.
C. It is on the corner across the street.
11. Where is Susan’s house?
A. It is the seventh house from the corner on the man’s right.
B. It is the seventh house from the corner on the man’s left.
C. It is the seventeenth house from the corner on the man’s right.
听下面一段对话，回答第12—15小题。
12. Why can’t the girl go to a movie on Wednesday?
A. She has to work after school.
B. She has to catch up on her lessons.
C. She has to practice her piano.
13. What does the girl have to do on Saturday?
A. Cleaning the garage.
B. Picking up her room.
C. Finishing her English homework.
14. Why does the girl care about the show time very much?
A. Because she will do her homework after the film.
B. Because she will do her homework first.
C. Because she will take an English class first.
15. Which movie showing is the girl going to see?
A.5:00 p.m.. B.7:00 p.m.. C.9:00 p.m..
听下面一段对话，回答第16—17小题。
16. What does the woman’s uncle do?
A. He plays music. B. He has a restaurant. C. He is a news reporter.
17. What does the man have?
A. A bank. B. A band. C. A camera.
听下面一段独白，回答第18—20小题。
18. Why is Martha away from home?
A. She’s going to a conference.
B. She’s going to see her mother.
C. She’s going for a holiday.
19. What does Martha want John to do?
A. Visit her doctor. B. Look after her house. C. Set the alarm at night.
20. What can we learn about Martha?
A. She will come back on Tuesday.
B. She used to be a literature teacher.
C. She goes to London with expectation.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
If you’re looking to buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and get the best hoverboard?
What is a Hoverboard?
A hoverboard is a two-wheeled personal transportation device. It’s electrical, portable and became highly popular in 2015 in reference to a popular 1980’s movie. Typically, this self-balancing device operates like a powered skateboard.
How Does a Hoverboard Work?
The device may have many designs, but the mechanism itself isn’t complicated. Basically, a standard hoverboard contains:
•Battery: stores the electrical power. Almost all hoverboards use a high-watt lithium-ion battery.
•Gyroscope (one for each wheel): allows riders to tilt (倾斜) the hoverboard while maintaining balance and adjusting their direction.
•Motor (one in each wheel): provides the power to the wheels to keep the rider balanced and upright.
•Logic board: functions as the hoverboard brain. It processes data — your speed, tilt, etc. — and sends information to the motors. This unit controls the power of the board so riders can adjust their speed.
All the above components work together to control the power and tilt of the hoverboards so the rider is balanced, upright and moving at a controlled speed.
Why Buy a Hoverboard?
Undoubtedly, hoverboards are cool. You’ve probably seen kids riding one around the house. They’re a phenomenon and everybody wants in. So, why deny your kids and prevent them from being part of this trend?
Where is a hoverboard legal?
Despite their wild popularity, hoverboards have yet to become “street-legal”. Currently, some places prohibit anyone under 16 from using these devices, and hoverboards are banned in academic institutions and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway stations. Some places have also put speed limits on the devices and restricted their use to bike paths. However, open areas — including your yard — are free of these restrictions.
1. The logic board of a hoverboard can ______.
A. store electricity
B. power the wheels
C. send information to the riders
D. receive data and give command
2. According to the passage, a hoverboard can be used ______.
A. on campus B. in parks
C. on bike paths D. in shopping malls
3. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To evaluate a gift’s quality.
B. To recommend a gift choice.
C. To compare new hoverboard models.
D. To clarify functions of the latest hoverboards.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一则推荐类的广告。文章主要介绍了悬滑板（平衡车）的相关情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由•Logic board 部分中的It processes data — your speed, tilt, etc.— and sends information to the motors. This unit controls the power of the board so riders can adjust their speed.可知，它处理数据——你的速度、倾斜度等——并将信息发送给电动机。这个装置控制着滑板的力量，所以骑手们可以调整他们的速度。由此我们可以判断logic board可以接收数据，并发出指令。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段中的Currently, some places prohibit anyone under 16 from using these devices, and hoverboards are banned in academic institutions and public places, like campus buildings, parks, shopping malls and subway stations.可知，目前，一些地方禁止16岁以下的人使用这些设备，学术机构和公共场所也禁止使用悬滑板（平衡车），比如校园建筑、公园、购物中心和地铁站。选项A校园，B公园，D购物中心都被排除。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段中的If you’re looking to buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and get the best hoverboard?可知，如果你想给你的孩子买礼物，为什么不紧跟潮流，买最好的悬滑板（平衡车）呢？由此可知，这篇文章是帮大家推荐一款给孩子的礼物。故选B项。
【点睛】解目的意图类的推理判断题，一般是结合首段或者末段，就可以找到文章的目的意图。如第3小题，问文章的目的是什么，我们结合第一段中的If you’re looking to buy a gift for your children, why not keep up with the trend and get the best hoverboard?可知，如果你想给你的孩子买礼物，为什么不紧跟潮流，买最好的悬滑板（平衡车）呢？由此可知，这篇文章是帮大家推荐一款给孩子的礼物。故选B项。
B
Amanda Kofoeds had found a strange lump in her arm one day and visited a doctor at a friend's urging. During this time, she was enrolled in school for education and was currently uninsured due to the expense. She planned to save money so she could get on her husband' s insurance and then seek medical treatment for the cancer.
Her friends and family didn't want her to postpone her treatment due to the expense. They took matters into their own hands and started a GoFundMe campaign. The friend came up with the creative idea to spread the word and invite family, friends, and strangers who wanted to help to participate in a donation flash mob (快闪行动).The event started an outpouring of enormous generosity from the local community.
Amanda and her husband Clint teared up as the crowd passed by and the donations poured in. The generous act of kindness gave the family a comforting, and optimistic feeling during a time when all hope seemed lost. Clint said that Amanda struggled with the idea of asking for help. She felt guilty and undeserving compared to others who are also struggling.
In the time since, Amanda has enrolled in an insurance plan and has finished chemotherapy. Life for the family has started getting back to their normal routine.
Once Amanda got her strength back, she returned to school and completed her bachelor's degree in education. She is now a teacher. She said the experience motivated her to instill (灌输) the value of charity in her children. The family is now inspired to volunteer in their local neighborhood and contribute to crowdfunding (众筹) efforts. They are grateful for the opportunity to give back and help others as many have helped them.
The couple said they feel blessed by the strong support. PassItOn wants to celebrate those heroes during the family's darkest time. These individuals perfectly demonstrate the value of community. It is with the help of their generosity that the family is now happy, healthy and whole.
4. Why did Amanda Kofoeds postpone her treatment?
A. She was admitted to a school.
B. Her family couldn't afford the medical cost.
C No good doctors could treat her cancer.
D. Her friends and family refused to assist her.
5. What did her friends do to help Amanda Kofoeds?
A. They started a donation flash mob.
B. They founded a community school.
C. They supported her through local hospitals.
D. They fought for assistance from the whole country.
6. Which word best describes the couple's feeling when strongly supported?
A. Guilty. B. Satisfied. C. Anxious. D. Grateful.
7. What can we learn from Amanda Kofoeds' story?
A. Hard work pays off.
B. The value of charity is great.
C. Education is the key to success.
D. A friend is never known till a man has need.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Amanda 患癌后经济拮据，推迟学业，推迟治疗，她的朋友们知道后为她组织了快速众筹行动，亲人朋友们很快筹到钱治病。现在他们一家感恩，做志愿者回报社会。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“She planned to save money so she could get on her husband' s insurance and then seek medical treatment for the cancer.(她计划省钱，这样她就可以买丈夫的保险，然后就可以为癌症看病了)”及第二段“Her friends and family didn't want her to postpone her treatment due to the expense.(她的朋友和家人不希望她因为费用问题而推迟治疗)”可知，Amanda经济拮据，负担不起治疗费用。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The friend came up with the creative idea to spread the word and invite family, friends, and strangers who wanted to help to participate in a donation flash mob (快闪行动). (有朋友想出了一个创意，想要传播这个消息，邀请想帮忙的家人、朋友和陌生人参加一个捐赠快闪会)”可知，朋友们为她举行了一下慈善捐款快闪行动。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“She said the experience motivated her to instill (灌输) the value of charity in her children. The family is now inspired to volunteer in their local neighborhood and contribute to crowdfunding (众筹) efforts. They are grateful for the opportunity to give back and help others as many have helped them.(她说这次经历促使她灌输慈善的价值给孩子们。现在全家被鼓舞当志愿者在当地社区,为众筹努力。他们很感激有机会回报别人，帮助别人，就像很多人曾经帮助过他们一样)”可知，Amanda夫妇很感恩。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“These individuals perfectly demonstrate the value of community. It is with the help of their generosity that the family is now happy, healthy and whole.(这些人完美地展示了社区的价值。正是由于他们的慷慨相助，这个家庭现在才幸福、健康、完整)”并结合全文可知，全文主旨，慈善的价值是巨大的。故选B项。
C
Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial (细菌的) infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand. The traffic light system works just like this: Green means no bacteria or a low concentration of bacteria, yellow means drug-sensitive (DS) bacteria responsive to standard antibiotics (抗生素) and causes antibiotic release, and red means drug-resistant (DR) bacteria that need extra help to be wiped out.
In testing the bandage on mice, the research team was able to successfully treat both DS and DR infections using the new method. However, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments. Moreover, the abuse of antibiotics causes the accelerated process of bacterial resistance.
It’s easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations. Treatment doesn’t have to wait for a doctor to make a diagnosis, and the bandage can get the right sort of drugs applied at the earliest opportunity. What’s more, the person wearing the bandage gets real-time feedback on what’s happening with the infection, if there’s an infection at all. The researchers say it offers numerous benefits over existing treatments that make use of light, including photodynamic therapy or PDT.
We’ve been seeing quite a few upgrades to the traditional bandage in recent years, thanks to advances in science — like the nanofiber mesh that attracts bacteria and draws some of it out, speeding up the healing process. Then there’s the novel bandage for treating burns, which stops bacteria from multiplying and lowers the risk of infection.
The more work that a bandage can do while it’s protecting a wound, the better. Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we've got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what’s going on too.
8. What is the smart bandage mainly designed to do?
A. Avoid the use of antibiotics. B. Clear out harmful bacteria.
C. Detect bacterial infections. D. Increase treatment options.
9. What is the advantage of the smart bandage?
A. It saves much time and cost. B. It removes the risk of infection.
C. It prevents the bacterial resistance. D. It improves doctor-patient relationship.
10. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A. Traditional bandages are out of use now.
B. More smart bandages will be developed.
C. Progress in science calls for more research.
D. People are urged to study medical science.
11. What does the text focus on?
A. A successful test on mice. B. A colour-changing bandage.
C. Sensing drug-resistant bacteria. D. Preventing abuse of antibiotics.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带，它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型，并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。文章说明了这种绷带的优势以及预测未来的发展。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial (细菌的) infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand.可知，科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带，它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型，并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。由此可知，智能绷带的主要功能是检测细菌感染。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中However, the common methods of sensing resistance are limited by time, the requirement for professional personnel, and expensive instruments.可知，然而，常用的电阻检测方法受到时间、专业人员的要求和昂贵仪器的限制。以及第三段第一句It’s easy to see how a simple bandage and light could overcome some of these limitations.可知，很容易看出一个简单的绷带和光可以克服这些限制。由此可知，智能绷带的优点是节省了很多时间和成本。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we’ve got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what’s going on too.可知，改进绷带的努力仍在继续，现在我们有了一种绷带，不仅能释放抗生素，还能告诉病人到底发生了什么。由此可推知，更多的智能绷带将被开发。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中Scientists have developed a new type of smart bandage (绷带) that can signal the type of bacterial (细菌的) infection it’s protecting, just like a traffic light, as well as release the right type of drugs on demand.可知，科学家们已经开发出一种新型的智能绷带，它可以像交通灯一样显示出它所保护的细菌感染类型，并根据需要释放出正确的药物类型。结合文章还说明了这种绷带的优势和未来的发展趋势。由此可推知，文章的重点是变色绷带。故选B。
【点睛】隐含意义推理判断题。这类题的题干中常含有：infer/suggest/imply/conclude/intend/purpose/be likely to等标志性词语。解决这类问题时要理解文章潜在的含义和作者所给的提示。同时，要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作出合理的猜测和推断。
如第3小题，根据最后一段中Efforts to improve bandages continue and now we’ve got a bandage that not only releases antibiotics, but also tells the patient exactly what’s going on too.可知，改进绷带的努力仍在继续，现在我们有了一种绷带，不仅能释放抗生素，还能告诉病人到底发生了什么。由此可推知，更多的智能绷带将被开发。故选B。
D
A group of blue-faced birds step through the grass shoulder to shoulder, red eyes looking around. They look like middle schoolers seeking a cafeteria table at lunchtime. Perhaps they’re not so different.
A new study, led by Damien Farine, an ornithologist who studies collective behaviour, shows that the vulturine guineafowl of eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel societies. In the past, scientists assumed such social structures required a lot of brainpower. But the pea-brained guineafowl are revealing the faults in that assumption.
These large birds wander across the landscape in packs, often walking so closely that their bodies touch. They may fight each other to maintain their strict hierarchies (等级制度), but at other times they engage in friendly behaviours like sharing food.
Suspecting the guineafowl might have a social structure, Dr. Farine and his colleagues began a thorough study of their society. For a whole year, they made daily observations of 441 birds. Coloured leg bands in unique combinations let researchers tell the black-and-blue birds apart. They also attached GPS devices to the backs of 58 birds, which let them see exactly where every group went, 24 hours a day.
The findings of the research suggest that the vulturine guineafowl have a multilevel society. There are groups within groups within the population as a whole. There even seem to be groups of friends within the small groups. This is the first time anyone has observed such a society in a bird.
And Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular bird’s tiny brain size: “They don’t only have small brains relative to mammals (哺乳动物), they also have quite small brains relative to other birds,” he said.
According to him, living in this kind of society might actually make it easier to keep track of the social order. For example, if groups are stable and a bird can identify just one or two individuals within a group, it knows which group it’s looking at — no need for a brain that can recognize every single animal. Multilevel societies also let animals adjust their group sizes based on whatever challenges they’re facing. Depending on what enemies or resources are around, it might make sense to travel in a combined group rather than a smaller one.
“Having a multilevel structure may not require having a large brain,” Dr. Farine said. There may be more birds and other animals out there that, although small-brained, have societies as many-leveled as our own.
12. According to the passage, what inspired Dr. Farine to carry out the study?
A. The guineafowl’s social behaviour.
B. Previous assumptions about birds.
C. His interest in animal brainpower.
D. The faults in earlier research.
13. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The research subjects. B. The research methods.
C. The research findings. D. The research equipment.
14 What can be learned from the passage?
A. Complex social systems can be a disadvantage to the guineafowl.
B. The guineafowl are good at recognizing individuals in a group.
C. Birds maintain social order by travelling in combined groups.
D. Small-brained animals can form multilevel societies.
15. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To present the findings of a study of the guineafowl.
B. To explain the interaction patterns in multilevel societies.
C. To introduce a new approach to observing the guineafowl.
D. To uncover clues about how complex societies are formed.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了鸟类学家Damien Farine团队在非洲东部的一项新的研究发现：小脑动物珍珠鸡也有社会结构。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。由第四段中的Suspecting the guineafowl might have a social structure, Dr. Farine and his colleagues began a thorough study of their society.可知，由于怀疑珍珠鸡可能有社会结构，Farine博士和他的同事们开始对它们的社会进行彻底的研究。由此可知，珍珠鸡的社会行为和社会结构让Farine博士和他的同事们有所怀疑，所以他们才进行了彻底的研究。故选A项。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。由第四段中的For a whole year, they made daily observations of 441 birds. Coloured leg bands in unique combinations let researchers tell the black-and-blue birds apart. They also attached GPS devices to the backs of 58 birds, which let them see exactly where every group went, 24 hours a day.可知，一整年，他们每天观察441只鸟。独特组合的彩色腿带让研究人员区分了黑蓝色的鸟类。他们还在58只鸟的背上安装了GPS设备，让它们一天24小时准确地看到每一组鸟的去向。由此可知，这段主要是讲述他们团队如何研究观察的，即他们的研究方法。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。由第五段中的The findings of the research suggest that the vulturine guineafowl have a multilevel society.和第六段中的And Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular bird’s tiny brain size: “They don’t only have small brains relative to mammals (哺乳动物), they also have quite small brains relative to other birds,” he said.可知，研究结果表明，秃鹰珍珠鸡具有多层次的社会结构。Farine博士还强调了这种鸟的大脑很小：“它们不仅与哺乳动物相比，大脑很小，而且与其他鸟类相比，它们的大脑也很小。”由此推知，大脑很小的珍珠鸡也有社会结构。故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。结合文章大意，这篇文章主要介绍了Farine博士团队的研究发现：大脑很小的珍珠鸡也有社会结构。所以文章的目的是向我们展示对于珍珠鸡的研究发现。故选A项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Level up Your Self-Control
By definition, self-control is the ability to do something that benefits your long-term goals, instead of something that might satisfy your immediate desires.____16____--we end up sacrificing the well-being of our future selves all too easily.
____17____?
Angela Duckworth, professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, says allocating resources between your present self and future self is an ongoing struggle. For example, exhibiting self-control over spending time on video games and social media, two of the most common temptations（诱惑）of the current era, means battling against age-old mechanisms in your brain.
If you're willing to look deeply into your tendencies and weak points, you can recognize the handful of problems that you need to work on.
____18____To improve self-control at work, Duckworth first recommends taking a future-oriented approach to your day, such as planning breaks and the time for checking emails in advance.
The problem of looking at your cell phone too often, say, can be solved by putting it on mute or, better yet, sticking it in your bag until lunch.____19____.
Finally, Duckworth advises laying a foundation of self-control that you can build of in the future.____20____because of too little sleep the night before, or an insufficient meal in the morning. By practicing healthier living away from the workplace, you can gather the strength and stamina（毅力）to help you control your worst urges when it matters most.
A. One place to start would be the office
B. What problems do you need to work on
C. We've all experienced unproductive workdays
D. But for many of us, short-term satisfactions are irresistible
E. Why is exercising proper self-control so tricky for some, and how to do better
F. If you can resist resigning you may achieve more on your overall self-control
G. Removing the temptation from sight is key to ensuring you're faithful to your mission
【答案】16. D 17. E 18. A 19. G 20. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍我们的自制力无法抵抗短期的诱惑而牺牲我们长期的目标，以及这个问题产生的原因和如何提高我们的自制力。
【16题详解】
空格前一句“By definition, self-control is the ability to do something that benefits your long-term goals, instead of something that might satisfy your immediate desires.”表达的是按照定义，自制力是那种做一些对你自己长期目标有利的事情的能力，而不是做一些可能满足你当下要求的事情。空格后一句“we end up sacrificing the well-being of our future selves all too easily.”表达的是我们实在太容易以牺牲我们未来自己的幸福而结束。由此可见，空格前后表达的是两种对立相反的观点，空格处需表达的是做一些短期当下要求的事情，与前一句形成对立。选项D表达的是“但是对于大多数的我们，短期的满足感是无法抵抗的”，符合语境。故选D。
【17题详解】
空格下一段首句“Angela Duckworth, professor of psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, says allocating resources between your present self and future self is an ongoing struggle.”表达的是安吉拉·达克沃斯，一名宾夕法尼亚大学心理学教授，说在你现在的自己和未来的自己直接进行资源分配是一个持续存在的难题。第四段“If you're willing to look deeply into your tendencies and weak points, you can recognize the handful of problems that you need to work on. ”表达的是如果你乐意进一步的探究你的倾向和弱点，你可能会承认一把你需要去解决的问题。由空格后的这两句内容可知，空格后这两段内容都是对空格提出的问题的解答。选项E“为什么训练合适的自制力对某些人来说是非常棘手的，并且如何能做的更好”，和空格下一段首句表达的“持续存在的难题”以及第四段“解决问题”相呼应。故选E。
【18题详解】
空格后一句提到“To improve self-control at work, Duckworth first recommends taking a future-oriented approach to your day, such as planning breaks and the time for checking emails in advance. ”可知，为了提高在工作上的自制力，达克沃斯首先建议你的一天应该采用一种以未来为导向的方法，例如提前计划好休息时间和查邮件时间。空格后一句是具体表达在工作环境如何提高自制力。选项A“先开始的某个地方可能是办公室”，和空格后一句描述的工作环境相呼应。故选A。
【19题详解】
空格前一句“The problem of looking at your cell phone too often, say, can be solved by putting it on mute or, better yet, sticking it in your bag until lunch.”可知，太频繁地观看你的手机这个问题可以通过禁音或者更好的是，把它放在你包里直到午餐时间。选项G“去除来自视觉的诱惑是确保你忠诚于你的使命的关键”中的“视觉诱惑”和空格前一句“太频繁观看你的手机”相呼应。故选G。
【20题详解】
空格后一句“because of too little sleep the night before, or an insufficient meal in the morning.”表示的是因为前天晚上睡眠不足，或者早餐的不足。由此可知，是对空格原因的说明。选项C“我们大家都经历过徒劳无效的工作日”中的徒劳无效的原因是睡眠不足，或者早餐不足导致，符合语境。故选C。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I remember doing the household chores to help my mother when I was nine. I____21____ changing the vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器) bag and ____22____ things the machine did not suck up. Twenty years later, in 1978, with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked, I decided to make a____23____ one.
Easier said than done, of course. I didn’t realize that I would spend the next five years ____24____ my design, a process that resulted in 5,127 different prototypes (样机). By the time I made my 15th prototype, my third child was born. By 2,627, my wife and I were really____25____ our pennies. By 3,727, my wife was giving art lessons for some extra ____26____, and we were getting further and further into debt. These were tough times, but each failure brought me____27____ to solving the problem.
In the early 1980s, I started trying to get licensing ____28____ for my technology. The reality was very different, however. The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters (滤网). No one would ____29____ my idea, not because it was a bad one, but because it was bad for____30____. But soon after, the companies that I had talked with started making machines like mine. I had to fight____31____ battles on both sides of the Atlantic to protect the patents on my vacuum cleaner.
I was still in ____32____ difficulties until 1993, when my bank manager personally ____33____ Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million. Then I was able to go into production. Within two years, the Dyson vacuum cleaner became a best-seller in Britain.
Today, I still____34____ risk and the potential for failure as part of the process. Nothing____35____ the excitement of invention.
21. A. hated B. liked C. worked D. spent
22. A. dropping by B. showing off C. picking up D. taking over
23. A. new B. bagless C. modern D. bigger
24. A. perfecting B. making C. engaging D. carrying
25. A. write B. count C. put D. buy
26. A. work B. cash C. payment D. business
27. A. happier B. closer C. better D. cooler
28. A. phenomena B. notes C. differences D. agreements
29. A. know B. get C. license D. obtain
30. A. competition B. cooperation C. process D. business
31. A. right B. legal C. trustful D. crazy
32. A. serious B. personal C. financial D. puzzled
33. A. persuaded B. advised C. required D. invited
34. A. describe B. dislike C. hug D. handle
35. A. beats B. recalls C. imagines D. predicts
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者发明了无袋吸尘器，为了保护专利，作者在大西洋两岸打法律战，虽然作者现在仍然面临风险和失败的可能性，但是作者认为没有什么比发明更令人兴奋。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我讨厌换吸尘器的袋子，也讨厌拿起吸尘器不能吸的东西。A. hated恨；B. liked喜欢；C. worked工作；D. spent花费。由后文的“with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked”可知，作者讨厌换吸尘器的袋子，故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我讨厌换吸尘器的袋子，也讨厌捡起吸尘器不能吸的东西。A. dropping by顺便拜访；B. showing off炫耀；C. picking up捡起；D. taking over接管。由后文的“things the machine did not suck up”可知，吸尘器不能吸的东西就需要捡起来，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：二十年后，在1978年，带着对机器工作方式的终生厌恶，我决定做一个无袋的。A. new新的；B. bagless无袋的；C. modern现代的；D. bigger更大的。由上文的“I_____changing the vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器) bag”可知，作者讨厌换吸尘器的袋子，所以想做一个无袋的吸尘器，故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有意识到我要用接下来的5年时间来完善我的设计，这个过程产生了5127个不同的样机。A. perfecting完善；B. making制作；C. engaging从事；D. carrying搬运。由后文的“5,127 different prototypes”可知，结果产生了5127个不同的原型，因此这是一个不断完善的过程，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：到2627个的时候，我和我的妻子已经开始精打细算了。A. write写；B. count数数；C. put放；D. buy买。由后文的“we were getting further and further into debt”可知，作者为了研发无袋的吸尘器而做了很多原型，因此花了很多钱，因此要精打细算，也就是仔细数数有多少钱，故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：到3727个的时候，我妻子开始教美术课以赚取额外收入，我们的债务越来越多。A. work工作；B. cash现金；C. payment支付，报酬；D. business生意。由上文的“giving art lessons for some extra”可知，妻子开始教美术课是为了赚取额外收入，也就是赚取报酬，故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那段时间很艰难，但每次失败都让我离解决问题更近了一步。A. happier更高兴的；B. closer更近的；C. better更好的；D. cooler更凉快的。由“each failure brought me_____ to solving the problem”可知，作者每次失败后会完善自己的产品，因此每次失败都让作者离解决问题更近了一步，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在20世纪80年代早期，我开始为我的技术争取许可协议。A. phenomena现象；B. notes便条；C. differences不同；D. agreements协议。由“get licensing_____ for my technology”可知，作者研发出了产品后要争取许可协议，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人会认可我的想法，不是因为它是一个糟糕的想法，而是因为它对商业不利。A. know知道；B. get得到；C. license许可；D. obtain得到。由上文的“The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters”可知，没有人会认可作者这个无袋的吸尘器，故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意： 没有人会认可我的想法，不是因为它是一个糟糕的想法，而是因为它对商业不利。A. competition竞争；B. cooperation合作；C. process过程；D. business商业。由上文的“The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters”可知，吸尘器是基于袋装和过滤器的利润的商业，因此无袋的吸尘器是对商业不利的，因此空格处是 “商业”，故选D。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了保护我的吸尘器的专利，我不得不在大西洋两岸打法律战。A. right正确的；B. legal合法的，法律的；C. trustful完全信赖别人的；D. crazy疯狂的。由后文的“to protect the patents on my vacuum cleaner”可知，为了保护作者的吸尘器的专利，作者不得不在大西洋两岸打法律战，故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我仍然处于财政困难之中，直到1993年，我的银行经理才说服劳埃德银行借给我100万美元。A. serious严重的；B. personal私人的；C. financial金融的；D. puzzled困惑的。由后文的“until 1993, when my bank manager personally_____ Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million”可知，直到1993年银行经理才说服劳埃德银行借给作者100万美元，在那之前，作者处于财政困难之中，故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到1993年，我的银行经理才说服劳埃德银行借给我100万美元。A. persuaded说服；B. advised建议；C. required要求；D. invited邀请。由后文的“Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million”可知，作者的银行经理说服劳埃德银行借给作者100万美元，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天，我仍然拥抱风险和失败的可能性，认为这是过程的一部分。A. describe描述；B. dislike不喜欢；C. hug拥抱；D. handle处理。由后文的“ potential for failure”可知，作者现在仍然拥抱（欢迎）风险和失败的可能性，即面临着这些，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有什么比发明更令人兴奋。A. beats打败；B. recalls回想；C. imagines想象；D. predicts预测。根据上文讲述的故事可知，作者认为没有什么比发明更令人兴奋，也就是没有什么可以打败发明的兴奋，故选A。
第II卷 （非选择题 共55分)
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A traditional Chinese dance____36____ (perform) underwater in Luoyang, Central China’s Henan Province ,recently went viral on social media during the Dragon Boat Festival.
The impressive dance ____37____ (name) The Prayer, and was the opening performance of gala entitled The Wonderful Tour on Dragon Boat Festival broadcast by Henan Television Station(HNTV) on Saturday.
Featuring the goddess of Luo River --a mysterious beauty ____38____ (well) known in all the poems of Cao Zhi during the Three Kingdoms period, the dancer Haohao He, ____39____ former synchronized swimmer(花样游泳运动员),recreated the elegance of this ancient Chinese goddess.“____40____ (she) body soars lightly like a startled swan. ____41____ (graceful), like a dragon in flight,” Cao Zhi thus described her figure.
The short dance, ____42____ lasted less than two minutes, was seen as a creative combination of contemporary art ____43____ traditional Chinese culture. ____44____ (viewer) were left shocked by both the beauty of the dancer and the creativity involved in putting on the dance underwater. Some said it speaks to real cultural confidence.Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying, also posted the video on Twitter, ____45____ (say) that the dance was “unbelievably beautiful!”
【答案】36. performed
37. is named
38. best 39. a
40. Her 41. Gracefully
42. which 43. and
44. Viewers
45. saying
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了河南省洛阳的一场在水下表演的传统舞蹈——《祈祷》。
【36题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：近日，中国中部河南省洛阳的一场在水下表演的传统舞蹈在端午节期间在社交媒体上走红。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是went，空格处用非谓语形式，“dance”和“perform”之间是被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填performed。
【37题详解】
考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：这支令人印象深刻的舞蹈名为《祈祷》，是河南电视台周六播出的“端午节妙游”晚会的开场表演。这支舞蹈被命名，句子描述客观事实，因此时态用一般现在时，空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，即is/are done，主语“dance”是单数，因此空格处是is named，故填is named。
【38题详解】
考查最高级。句意：以三国时期曹植的诗作中最著名的神秘美女——洛神为主题，舞蹈演员、前花样游泳运动员何浩浩再现了这位中国古代女神的优雅。后面的“in all the poems”表一个范围，因此空格处用最高级best，故填best。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：以三国时期曹植的诗作中最著名的神秘美女——洛神为主题，舞蹈演员、前花样游泳运动员何浩浩再现了这位中国古代女神的优雅。“swimmer”是单数，表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，“former”是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
【40题详解】
考查物主代词。句意：她的身体像一只受惊的天鹅轻盈地飞翔着。“body”和“she”之间是所属关系，空格处是“她的”，用形容词性物主代词her作定语，修饰body，故填Her。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：曹植是这样描述她的身材的:“雍容华贵，如飞龙。”句子接着上文描述她的身体飞翔，空格处用副词gracefully修饰动词soars，gracefully意为“优雅地”，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Gracefully。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句的引导词。句意：这支不到两分钟的短舞被视为当代艺术和中国传统文化的创造性结合。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词dance是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
【43题详解】
考查连词。句意：这支不到两分钟的短舞被视为当代艺术和中国传统文化的创造性结合。“combination”意为“结合”，因此句子是指“当代艺术和中国传统文化的创造性结合”，空格处意为“和”，用and，故填and。
【44题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：观众们被舞者的美丽和水下舞蹈的创造性所震撼。由空格后的“were”可知，空格处用复数，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Viewers。
【45题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：我国外交部发言人华春莹也在推特上发布了这段视频，称舞蹈“美得难以置信!”分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是posted，空格处用非谓语形式，Hua Chunying和say之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词saying表主动，故填saying。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
46. 假定你是学生会“关爱老人”项目的负责人。学生会拟在居假期间组织志愿者到社区帮助老年人学习使用智能手机和上网, 请你给校《英文报》写封倡议书, 内容包括：
1. 老人们遇到的困难；
2. 能提供的帮助和活动的意义；
3. 报名参与项目的方式。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
【答案】Dear fellow students,
On behalf of the Students’ Union, I am writing to call on everyone to take part in our summer program named Care for the Aged.
The modern society is developing rapidly, leaving aged people behind, who have little knowledge of the Internet and digital devices. To help them enjoy the modern technological conveniences, in the coming summer holiday, we will organize volunteers to visit communities to teach them how to use smart phones and surf the Internet. It surely will raise their life quality and make a difference to the whole society.
We need your help. Please sign up at the office of the Students’ Union or write an e-mail to Students Union@abc.cn. Your participation will be highly appreciated.
The Students’ Union
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给校《英文报》写封倡议书，在居假期间组织志愿者到社区帮助老年人学习使用智能手机和上网。
【详解】1.词汇积累
呼吁：call on=appeal to
改善：raise→improve
对……产生影响：make a difference to=have a good effect on
需要：need→want
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It surely will raise their life quality and make a difference to the whole society.
拓展句：It surely will not only raise their life quality but also make a difference to the whole society.
【点睛】[高分句型1] On behalf of the Students’ Union, I am writing to call on everyone to take part in our summer program named Care for the Aged. (运用了过去分词作后置定语)
[高分句型2] The modern society is developing rapidly, leaving aged people behind, who have little knowledge of the Internet and digital devices. (运用了现在分词作状语和who引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It all began when my younger brother, Chris, and I went over to Aunt Barbara and Uncle Howard’s for Thanksgiving. My aunt and uncle lived on a farm at the opposite end of town, and Chris and I loved going there. We lived on a farm, too, and we had to do the morning work before we left. When we finally got to my aunt and uncle’s, Chris and I went outside to see if Uncle Howard needed help with anything. He and Dad had decided to clean out the yard before dinner. Chris and I both helped. But we still found time to ask Uncle Howard a lot of questions about turkeys. He thanked our help, and handed us two turkey eggs when we finished the cleaning work.
“You kids put those under a setting hen,” he said, “and in twenty-five days, you’ll have a couple of fine turkeys” Chris was so excited that he nearly dropped his egg on the way to the house. At dinner, we both couldn’t wait for the grownups to finish talking so we could go home and tend to our eggs. Dad put the eggs under an old hen, and every day Chris and I would check to see if they’d hatched yet.
Twenty-five days seemed like forever. Finally, on the twenty-sixth day, Chris and I walked home after school to find the old hen scratching on the floor. Behind her were two little turkeys, falling over their feet and looking sort of confused.
It wasn’t long before the little turkeys began growing feathers. The old hen would stare at her two strange-looking babies, obviously puzzled as to why they looked so different from her other babies. When they got older, we could tell that they were both toms (雄性) Chris named one Bill, and I named the other Timothy. Day by day, both of them grew up and became stronger and stronger.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Thanksgiving day arrived again, but somehow we couldn’t find Bill.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We decided to save Timothy from ending up on Thanksgiving table.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Paragraph 1:
Thanksgiving day arrived again, but somehow we couldn’t find Bill. There was nothing we could do but went to mom and told her that Bill was missing. My mom looked at us and said briskly, “My dear, don’t worry, we give Bill to Uncle Howard as a Thanksgiving Turkey. When your dad comes back, we will also make plump Timothy for our Thanksgiving dish.” Hearing this, Chris’s face began to pucker and he started to cry. “Don’t worry, Chris,” I said comfortingly. “We’ll save Timothy, somehow.”
Paragraph 2:
We decided to save Timothy from ending up on Thanksgiving table. We worked on an escape plan, and finally decided that we would build a small shack in the woods and keep Timothy there. We managed to take Timothy away before mom noticed it. My brother and I both felt very proud of ourselves. But at the same time, a sense of guilt came over us. We decided to be honest with our parents. After listening to our story, dad wasn’t angry. Instead, he seemed to know that kids did crazy things when growing up. Not only were we not punished, but also we were given the responsibility to take care of Timothy from that day on.
【解析】
【分析】本文以时间为线索展开，讲述了作者和弟弟Chris从叔叔那里得到了两枚火鸡蛋，他们把蛋带回家，让一只老母鸡把小火鸡孵了出来。小火鸡Bill和Timothy越长越大。感恩节到来的时候，Bill被送给了Uncle Howard，妈妈告诉他们也要用Timothy做感恩节火鸡。作者和弟弟不希望这样，于是他们想办法把Timothy藏了起来，让它躲过一劫。父母知道真相后非但没有责备他们，反而让他们照顾Timothy。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“感恩节又到了，可我们怎么也找不到Bill”可知，第一段可描写Bill被送给了Uncle Howard，妈妈告诉他们也要用Timothy做感恩节火鸡，Chris哭了起来。
②由第二段首句内容“我们决定不让Timothy出现在感恩节餐桌上。”可知，第二段可描写作者和Chris不希望这样，于是他们想办法把Timothy藏了起来，父母知道真相后没有责备他们。
2.续写线索：Bill不见了——寻找无果——Bill被送走——准备杀Timothy——决定营救——藏起Timothy——坦白经过——没被责备
3.词汇激活
行为类
①丢失：miss / disappear
②制定逃跑计划：work on an escape plan / make an escape plan
③照顾：take care of / look after
情绪类
①轻松地：briskly / breezily
②自豪：proud of / glory in / with pride
③生气：angry / annoyed
【点睛】[高分句型1]. There was nothing we could do but went to mom and told her that Bill was missing.(运用了省略that引导的限制性定语从句和由that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2].When your father comes back, we will also make plump Timothy for our Thanksgiving dish.(运用了由when引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型3]. Not only were we not punished, but also we were given the responsibility to take care of Timothy from that day on.(运用了not only...but also...句式和部分倒装句)
听力答案：1-5. A B C C B 6-10. C A B B C 11-15. A C A B A 16-20. B B A B C
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