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高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 War and peace学案设计
展开情境创设·语法精讲
见学用49页
教材链接
1. (教材P29)Yur enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened…
2. (教材P29)The enemy were hiding, ready t attack the Allied sldiers…
3. (教材P29)…peple were cming tgether fr memrial ceremnies.
4. (教材P29)The plice are after him.
5. (教材P29)Plitics is the study f the ways in which cuntries are gverned.
6. (教材P29)The grup were sent t rescue the missing pilt.
7. (教材P29)All the machinery in this factry is made in the US.
观察上面句子, 并归纳上面主谓一致的用法:
1. Yur enemy表示整体, 谓语动词用单数。
2. The enemy表示“很多敌人”, 表示个体, 谓语动词用复数。
3. peple(人们)为集合名词, 谓语动词用复数。
4. plice(警察)为集合名词, 表示个体, 谓语动词用复数。
5. 复数形式单数意义的词, 如news, maths, plitics, physics作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
6. The grup表示所有组员, 谓语动词用复数。
7. machinery为“机械”的统称, 谓语动词用单数。
要点精析
一、主谓一致三原则
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
1.语法一致:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。
Tm is a gd student. 汤姆是个好学生。
They ften play ftball in the playgrund. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2.意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,此时谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这时谓语动词用单数形式。
My family are having lunch nw.
我们一家人现在正在吃午饭。
Twenty dllars is t expensive fr the bk.
这本书20美元太贵了。
3.就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近它的主语。
Nt nly the teacher but als his students like playing ftball.
不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and sme bks n the desk.
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、集合名词的主谓一致
1.通常用复数的情形
plice(警察)、peple(人)、cattle(牛)、clthes(衣服)等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。
My clthes were saked.
我的衣服都湿透了。
The plice are lking int the cmplaint.
警察在调查这项投诉。
T few peple are interested in such music nwadays.
如今对这种音乐有兴趣的人太少了。
2.通常用单数的情形
clthing(衣服)、petry(诗歌)、baggage/luggage(行李)、 furniture(家具)、scenery(景色)、jewellery(珠宝)、equipment(设备)等不可数的集合名词用作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。
Furniture is chiefly made f wd.
家具主要是由木材制造。
Petry was blming in China in the Tang Dynasty.
诗歌在中国唐代十分盛行。3.用单数或复数视语境而定的情形
family(家庭)、team(队)、crwd(人群)、gvernment(政府)、crew(乘务员)、cmmittee(委员会)、audience(听众)、public(公众)等集合名词用作主语时,其谓语动词既可用单数,也可用复数:当它们被视为整体时,谓语动词用单数; 当它们强调个体时,谓语动词用复数。
My family is very large.
我家是一个大家庭。(视为整体)
His family are waiting fr him.
他的家人正在等他。(强调个体成员)
注意:有时没有特定的上下文,谓语动词用单数或复数区别不大。
The public are [is] requested nt t leave litter in the park.
公众被要求在公园不要乱扔垃圾。
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.The crew n the train are (be) ging t attend a training class abut traffic safety.
2.The ppulatin f China is (be)larger than that f any ther cuntry in the wrld.
3.The ftball team is (be)made up f 22 players.
4.My family is (be)the largest ne in ur village. Besides, my family are (be)all farmers.
5.The whle class are (be)nw listening t the teacher attentively.
6.Either he r yu are (be)interested in playing ftball in ur class.
7.The plice are searching (search)fr the lst child nw.
8.The audience were/was (be) clearly delighted with the perfrmance, bursting ut clapping and cheering fr the singer.
9.The cmmittee are/is (be) f the pinin that it is nt time t repen schls, accrding t the vtes.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
1. Did yu grw up in ne culture, yur parents came frm anther, and yu are nw living in a 1. ttally (ttal) different cuntry? If s, then yu are a third-culture kid.
The term “third-culture kid” 2. was used (use) in the 1960s fr the first time by Dr. Ruth. She first came acrss this phenmenn while 3. researching (research) Nrth American children living in India. In general, third-culture kids benefit 4. frm their intercultural experiences and they ften reach excellent academic results.
Yet many 5. difficulties (difficulty) may arise frm this phenmenn, third-culture kids may nt be able t adapt 6. themselves (they) cmpletely t their new surrundings. Als, they ften find it hard 7. t develp (develp) new friendship. Additinally, fr a third-culture kid, it is ften 8. easier (easy) t mve t a new cuntry than t return t his r her hmeland. Fr example, after living in Australia fr many years, Luis finally returned t the cuntry 9. where she was brn. She didn’t knw anything abut current TV shws 10. r fashin trends. And she didn’t share the same values as ther teens f her age.
新知清障·素养构建
见学用50页
核心词汇
1. at the beginning f在……的开头
At the beginning f the film, the audience are thrwn int an incredible sequence f apprximately 30 minutes, depicting the landings in Nrmandy. (教材P29)电影一开始,观众就被带入了一个大约30分钟的令人难以置信的片段,描绘了诺曼底登陆的场景。
典例翻译
①Dn’t mentin that at the beginning f the stry, r it may give away the shcking ending.
在故事的开头别提那件事,要不然可能会泄露了令人震惊的结尾。
②We’re ging t Japan at the end f July.
我们七月末要去日本。
③I think it is necessary t read the bk frm beginning t end.
我认为从头到尾地读这本书是很有必要的。
④In the end the lng hurs f wrk, cmbined with dmestic wrries, gt him dwn.
最后,长时间的工作加上家事烦恼使他闷闷不乐。
归纳拓展
(1)在……开头 at the beginning f ,后面可接时间名词,通常与一般过去时或一般将来时连用。
在……尽头(末端) at the end f ,后面可接地点或时间名词,通常与一般过去时或一般将来时连用。
(2)开始 in the beginning
最后 in the end
(3)从头到尾 frm beginning t end
学以致用
单句填空
①He had t shw the white flag at the end f the debate.
②Let’s start again frm the beginning.
③ In the beginning, everyne felt srry fr him.
④She’s been wrking there since the beginning f last summer.
2. stability n.稳固,稳定
These measures aim t give stability t cnflict znes and allw gvernments t reestablish authrity. 这些措施的目的是让冲突地区获得稳定,并使政府重建权威。(教材P31)
典例翻译
①The gvernment has taken a measure t maintain the stability f prices.
政府已经采取了措施以维持物价稳定。
②Being back with their family shuld prvide emtinal stability fr the children.
回到家人身边会使儿童的情绪稳定下来。
归纳拓展
(1)促进安定 prmte stability
政治/经济/社会稳定 plitical/ecnmic/scial stability
(2)stable adj. 稳定的;安定的;可靠的
学以致用
完成句子
①我们需要一个稳定的政府。
We need a stable gvernment .
②世界和平和稳定需要有中国的积极参与。
Peace and stability in the wrld need the active invlvement f China.
3. n standby 待命
China is playing an increasingly imprtant rle in UN peacekeeping and it has trained 8,000 trps wh are kept n standby fr UN missins. (教材P31)中国在联合国维和行动中发挥着越来越重要的作用,为联合国维和行动训练了8,000名待命士兵。
典例翻译
①A special team f plice were kept n standby during the time f vilence.
在发生暴乱期间,有一支警察特别小分队处于整装待命状态。
②He was put n standby fr the flight t New Yrk.
这班飞往纽约的班机,他候补待位。
归纳拓展
1.严阵以待;随时准备着 n standby
学以致用
完成句子
①接到炸弹警报后,各紧急救助部门进入待命状态。
The emergency services were put n standby after a bmb warning.
②5辆救护车在港口待命。
Five ambulances are n standby at the prt.
重点句型
1. 不定式的被动结构
James Ryan is the furth sn in his family t be sent t fight inthe Secnd Wrld War. (教材P29)詹姆斯·瑞恩是他家里第四个被派去参加第二次世界大战的儿子。
典例翻译
①It is an hnr fr me t be invited t the party.
我很荣幸被邀请参加聚会。
②He is hard t cnvince.
他很难被说服。
③I wanted the letter t be typed at nce.
我想马上把信打好。
④The huse is t let.
此房出租。
归纳拓展
(1)不定式的被动结构
动词不定式有时态和语态的变化,不定式的被动形式是考查的重点,也是难点和易混点。
不定式的一般被动形式为:t be dne; 完成被动形式为:t have been dne。不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般用被动形式。
(2)不定式结构中的“隐性”被动
在某些“形容词+不定式”的结构中,句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时,常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。这些形容词有:nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, imprtant, impssible, pleasant, interesting等。
(3)主动形式表被动
不定式和它前面所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式常用主动形式表被动。
注意:动词不定式“t blame, t seek, t let”等与be动词连用时, 不定式常用主动形式表被动。
学以致用
完成句子
①这些书和杂志不许带出阅览室。
The bks and magazines are nt allwed t be taken ut f the reading rm.
②这个问题很难解决。
This prblem is difficult t wrk ut .
③我认为我也该受责备。
I felt I was t blame , t.
2. 完全倒装
Amng the many hrrrs inflicted n humanity by the Secnd Wrld War was the massive bmbing f civilians, ften referred t as “terrr bmbing”. (教材P30)二战给人类带来的诸多恐怖事件之一就是对平民的大规模轰炸,通常被称为“恐怖爆炸”。
典例翻译
①On tp f the hill std a temple, in which lived tw mnks.
山上有座庙, 庙里有两个和尚。
②The dr pened and in came a middle-aged man.
门开了,进来了一位中年男士。
③By the windw sat a yung wman with a bk in her hand.
窗边坐着一位年轻女子,她手里拿着一本书。
④Amng these peple was my friend Tm.
这些人中有我的朋友汤姆。
归纳拓展
(1)表示地点或方位的介词短语位于句首,谓语动词是be、cme、g、lie、sit、stand、run、walk等不及物动词时,常使用完全倒装。
(2)以地点副词here、there、方位副词ut、in、up、dwn、away及时间副词nw、then等开头的句子里,常使用完全倒装,以示强调。
学以致用
单句填空
①In the east f the lake are (be)tw villages, ne f which is twice the size f the ther.
②Then fllwed (fllw) the War f Resistance against Japanese Aggressin.
③On the grund lay (lie)sme air cnditiners, which were t be shipped t sme ther cities.
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