外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Learning from nature学案

这是一份外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Learning from nature学案，共12页。学案主要包含了不定式作主语，过去分词作表语，-ing形式作主语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

情境创设·语法精讲
教材链接
1. （教材P53）Tday, architects cntinue t explre ways t capture the beauty f natural frms,…
2. （教材P54）The Wright brthers, wh succeeded in creating and flying the first aerplane in 1903, gt their inspiratin frm bserving pigens in flight.
3. （教材P53）…it appears t flat abve the waterfrnt prmenade and the water that surrunds it.
4. （教材P53）The main principle f its design is t recreate natural landscapes in miniature.
5. （教材P54）There are many types f bimimicry, amng which the mst cmmn ne is cpying frm and shape.
6. （教材P53） Visitrs are ften amazed t find themselves in an urban building that s truly captures the beauty f natural frms.
7. （教材P53）Drawing/T draw inspiratin frm nature is a traditin that ges back centuries.
观察上面句子, 并分别写出每句中加黑部分所作的成分：
1. 动词不定式作宾语。
2. 动名词短语作宾语。
3. 动词不定式作表语。
4. 动词不定式作表语。
5. 动名词作表语。
6. 过去分词作表语。
7. 动名词或动词不定式作主语。
要点精析
一、不定式作主语、表语或宾语
不定式可以作主语、表语或一些动词的宾语, 也可以和疑问词构成不定式短语作主语、宾语或表语。
二、过去分词作表语
三、-ing形式作主语、宾语或表语
注意：
1. 下列动词后通常用不定式作宾语, 请牢记下面的口诀：
2. 下列动词或动词短语后通常用-ing形式作宾语, 请牢记下面的口诀：
3. 下列动词短语后也通常用-ing形式作宾语：
4. 下列动词或动词短语后既可以用-ing形式作宾语, 也可以用不定式作宾语, 但意义上有区别, 要特别注意：
5. 下列动词或动词短语后用-ing形式：
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Being surrunded （surrund）by beautiful green muntains and lcated at the ft f Munt Lu makes it a famus turist attractin.
2.They never quit lking （lk）fr a way t get where they are suppsed t g!
3.The clubs in Argentina culdn’t help him, but the famus Barcelna club in Spain ffered t accept （accept）Messi n the junir team and pay the bills.
4.Scientists have discvered that staying （stay）in the cld culd help us lse weight.
5.It’s never flish t acknwledge （acknwledge）yu are wrng. Being humans, we all need the art f aplgy.
6.Firstly, yu shuld cnsider dividing （divide）them int different grups-wh are the peple yu dn’t knw well but see pretty much daily.
7.He appreciated being given （give）a chance t make a presentatin in the annual seminar n Cmparative Literature.
8.The next step is t make （make） sure that yu knw exactly what is required.
9.It wuld be wrng fr peple t marry （marry）fr mney.
10.He hpes t create （create）an envirnment fr his students, which is much mre relaxing than the ne he used t study in.
11.He seems t be reading （read）in his rm at present.
12. T finish （finish）the wrk in ten minutes is very hard.
13.Marx fund it imprtant t study （study）the situatin in Russia.
14.He came t the party withut being invited （invite）.
15. Reading （read） alud is very helpful.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
1.There is a wnderful stry abut a yung girl wh had n family and n ne 1. t lve （lve）her.
One day, 2. feeling （feel）very sad and lnely, she was walking thrugh a meadw when she nticed a small butterfly 3. caught （catch）in a thrny bush. The yung girl carefully released the butterfly. Instead f 4. flying （fly）away, the little butterfly changed int a beautiful fairy.
“In return fr yur wnderful kindness,”the gd fairy said t the girl,“I will give yu any wish that yu wuld like 5. t get （get）.”The little girl thught fr a mment and then replied,“I want t be happy.”
6. Leaning （lean）tward her, the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared.
With the little girl 7. grwing （grw）up, there was n ne in the land happier than she was. Everyne wanted t make themselves 8. tld （tell）the secret f happiness by her. She wuld nly smile and answer,“The secret f my happiness is that I listened t a gd fairy when I was a little girl.”
When she was dying, the neighbrs all gathered arund her, 9. fearing （fear）that her unbelievable secret f happiness wuld die with her. S they begged her 10. t tell （tell）them what the gd fairy said. The lvely ld wman simply smiled and said,“She tld me that everyne, n matter hw ld r yung, hw rich r pr, had need f me.”
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1.wisdm n. 智慧
wisdm learnt frm nature（教材P53）从自然中学到的智慧
典例翻译
①A man f wisdm is nt necessarily a man f ability.
有智慧的人不一定就是有能力的人。
②A flw f wrds is n prf f wisdm.
口若悬河, 不能证明真有才智。
③But cnventinal wisdm may have gt it wrng.
但传统说法未必正确。
④He is t lacking in wrldly wisdm t be a plitician.
他对人情世故知之甚少, 当不了政治家。
归纳拓展
（1）传统观点 cnventinal wisdm
人情世故 wrldly wisdm
智齿 wisdm teeth
（2）wise adj. 聪明的; 有智慧的; 明智的; 有见识的
事后聪明 wise after the event
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Cnventinal wisdm （wise） has it that rits nly ever happen in cities.
②Learned men are nt necessarily wise （wisdm）.
（2）单句写作
③智者在生活中不会自怜。（2019天津卷）
A wise man can live withut self-pity.
2.emply v. 使用, 运用
Inspired by dlphins, peple have learnt hw t send signals underwater, which is currently emplyed in tsunami early-warning systems. （教材P54）在海豚的启发下, 人们学会了如何在水下发出信号, 这种信号目前应用于海啸预警系统。
典例翻译
①Mre than 3,000 lcal wrkers are emplyed in the turism industry.
超过3,000名本地工人受雇于旅游业。
②It is a pity that such a talent as him shuld be emplyed in ding such small things.
真可惜, 像他这样有才能的人竟然从事这类琐事。
③He emplyed a gardener fr the heavy digging.
他雇了一名花匠干挖土的重活。
④What cllege students are mainly cncerned abut is emplyment and their dream is t have well-paid jbs where they can live their lives t the fullest.
大学生主要关心的是就业, 他们的梦想是有高薪的工作, 他们可以充分地生活。
归纳拓展
忙于（做某事） be emplyed in （ding sth.）
雇主, 老板n. emplyer
雇工, 雇员n. emplyee
emplyment n. 雇用
unemplyment n. 失业
unemplyed adj. 失业的
全职/兼职工作 full-time/part-time emplyment
失业水平/率 the level/rate f unemplyment
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He is emplying himself in cmpiling a dictinary f English idims.
②But Oshbt, like ther scial rbts, is nt intended t replace wrkers, but t wrk alngside ther emplyees （emply）.
③Faced with the increasing unemplyment （emplyment）, many peple went n strike in mst f the Eurpean cuntries.
（2）单句写作
④艺术机构雇用了1万多名全职或兼职员工。（2018江苏卷, 阅读理解）
Arts agencies emply mre than 10,000 peple as full-time r part-time emplyees.
3.alng with与……一起; 除……之外, 还有（ = tgether with = with）
Pine and bamb grves were added later, alng with a pnd and an island. （教材 P53）后来又增加了松树和竹林, 以及一个池塘和一个岛屿。
典例翻译
①Alng with these physical changes, there cme many psychlgical changes.
伴随着这些生理变化而来的, 还有很多心理上的变化。
②All we need is sme creativity alng with plenty f time and practice.
我们所需要的是一些创造力以及大量的时间和练习。
③He alng with his wife and his family was facing truble nw.
他们夫妻一家那时正面临着麻烦。
④Only when we fllw the laws f nature can we better get alng with it.
我们只有遵循自然法则才能更好地与环境和谐共处。
⑤She invited everyne she knew t cme alng.
她邀请了所有认识的人一起来。
归纳拓展
主语后面有alng/tgether with, with, besides, but, except, including, like, as well as, rather than等词或词组引出的短语时, 谓语动词的单复数形式要与主语保持一致。
（事情）进展; 与……相处 get alng/n with
过来, 跟我走 cme alng
take sth. alng with sb. 随身带着某物
all alng 一直, 始终
学以致用
（1）完成句子
①一般来说, 他很容易相处。
Generally speaking, he is easy t get alng with .
②如果你愿意, 和我们一起去吧。
Cme alng with us , if yu like.
（2）单句写作
③这位音乐家连同他的乐队成员在过去三个月的时间里已经演出了十场。（2019江苏卷）
The musician alng with his band members has given ten perfrmances in the last three mnths.
4.cme abut 发生; 产生
This came abut because many Chinese martial artists admired the natural instincts, senses and fighting abilities that animals pssess in rder t survive in the wild. （教材P55）这是因为许多中国武术家欣赏动物们为了在野外生存而拥有的自然本能、感官和战斗能力。
典例翻译
①Many traffic accidents came abut as a result f the driver’s drink-driving.
许多交通事故都是由司机酒后驾车造成的。
②I came acrss this ld picture in a bk the ther day.
那天我偶然在一本书中看到这张旧照片。
③The war brke ut in 1931 and lasted 14 years befre China finally wn.
这场战争于1931年爆发, 持续14年后, 中国才取得了最终胜利。
④It ccurred t me that she didn’t knw I had mved int the new huse.
我突然想起来她还不知道我已经搬到了新家。
归纳拓展
（偶然）碰到, 遇见 cme acrss
（书、唱片等）出版, 发行 cme ut
提出; 想出 cme up with
（战争、殴斗、疾病等）爆发 break ut
某人突然想到…… It ccurred t sb. that…
cme true 实现
cme t an end 结束
学以致用
用所学短语的适当形式填空
①The meaning f this wrd will cme acrss t yu sner r later.
②T sme extent, what yu came up with is practical.
③—What n earth are the plice busy with?
—They have been lking int hw the plane crash came abut .
④That magazine cmes ut nce a mnth.
重点句型
否定词+比较级：nwhere…better…than…“没有比这更好的地方了（这是最好的地方）”
Nwhere is this better illustrated than in the beautiful Lingering Garden f Suzhu. （教材P53）没有什么地方比美丽的苏州留园更能说明这一点。
典例翻译
①Nthing is easier than this. = Nthing is s easy as this.
这是最容易的事。
②N film character has ever been mre widely enjyed than her.
没有哪个电影角色比她更受欢迎了。
③—D yu think ur basketball players played very well yesterday?
—They culdn’t have dne better.
——你认为我们的篮球队员昨天打得很好吗？
——他们打得非常好。
归纳拓展
最高级意义的多种表达法：
（1）the+形容词（副词）最高级
（2）否定词+形容词（副词）比较级（+than）
（3）否定词+s/as+形容词（副词）原级+as（4）比较级 ＋ than ＋ {all the ther+复数名词the ther+复数名词any f the ther+复数名词any ther+单数名词any f the thing/anyne else
学以致用
一句多译
汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。
①Tm is the mst intelligent student in his class.
②N ne is mre intelligent than Tm in his class.
③Tm is mre intelligent than any ther student in his class.
④Tm is mre intelligent than any f the ther students in his class.
⑤Tm is mre intelligent than all the ther students in his class.
⑥Tm is mre intelligent than anyne else in his class.
⑦ N ne is as intelligent as Tm in his class.用法
例句
作主语
不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
Learning is like rwing upstream:nt t advance is t drp back. 学如逆水行舟, 不进则退。
Early t bed and early t rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有和睿智。
不定式作主语时, 可以用it作形式主语, 而把真正的主语置于后面。即用“It is+adj./n.+（fr/fsb.）t d sth.”来代替。
T get there by air wil take yu nly abut tw hurs. 乘飞机去那儿将只花你大约两个小时。（ = It wil take yu nly abut tw hurs t get there by air.）
It is nice fr us t atend the meting. 对我们来说, 参加这个会议是令人愉快的。
It is kind f yu t have given us s much help. 你真好, 给予我们这么多的帮助。
作表语
当主语部分有what/al/everything等不定代词和实义动词d（表示“做”）的某种形式, 那么作表语的不定式可以不带t。
What we shuld d at the mment is（t）study hard. 目前我们要做的就是努力学习。
All he did at wrk was（t）press the butn if necesary. 他的工作就是需要时按一下按钮。
作宾语
常接不定式作宾语的动词: afrd , agree , arrange , ask , beg , care , chse , decide , demand , determine , expect , fear , help , hpe , learn , manage , fer , plan , prepare , pretend , prmise , refuse , want , wish , aim , fail , lng , hapen , hesitate, strugle, atempt, undertake, vlunter, desire等。不定式符号t代替整个不定式时, be和have不能省略。
The teacher patiently shwed us hw t d the experiment. 老师耐心地指导我们如何做实验。
—Have yu ever ben t Paris?
—N, we can’t afrd t.——你们去过巴黎吗?——没有, 我们付不起费用。
He wanted t swim acrss the river but I warned him nt t. 他想游过河, 但是我警告他不要这样。
His mther wanted him t be ateacher when he grew up, but he didn’t want t be. 他的妈妈想让他长大后当教师, 但是他不想当。
—I didn’t tell Mary the bad news.
—But I wuld like yu t have.——我没有告诉玛丽这个不好的消息。——但是我宁愿你告诉她了。
but后面常接t d。但是当but前有实义动词d（表示“做”）的某种形式, but后不带t。
He had n thing t d but stay at hme. 他无事可做, 只是待在家里。
作表语
过去分词作表语常常用来修饰人, 而用-ing形式修饰物。
The bk is interesting andI’m interested in it. 这本书很有趣, 我对它很感兴趣。
用法
例句
作主语
-ing形式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
Achieving the great renaissance f the Chinese natin is the greatest dream fr the natin in mdern times. 实现伟大复兴, 就是中华民族近代以来最伟大的梦想。
Learning withut thinking leads t cnfusin; thinking withut learning ends in danger. 学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。
Being expsed t sunlight fr t much time will d harm t ne’s skin. 长时间暴晒对人的皮肤有害。
作宾语
-ing可以作介词的宾语也可以作动词的宾语。
Have yu cnsidered making cntributins t yur hmetwn after graduatin? 你考虑过毕业后为家乡做贡献吗？I’m srry fr having kept yu waiting s lng. 对不起让你久等了。
Victr aplgized fr his nt being able t infrm me f the change in the plan. 维克多因为没有通知我计划变更而道歉。
Nthing can stp the plan frm being carried ut. 什么也阻止不了这个计划的实施。
作表语
-ing形式作表语时, 有两种不同含义。
My jb is teaching. 我的工作是教书。（说明主语的内容）
The news is exciting. 这条新闻很振奋人心。（说明主语的性质）
比较：He is reading. 他正在读书。（不是非谓语动词, 是现在进行时, 表示正在进行的动作）
决心学会想希望, 拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划, 同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hpe/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; ffer, prmise, chse, plan; agree, ask/beg, help; 另外还有affrd, strive, happen, wait, threaten等
考虑建议盼原谅, 承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练, 否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险, 不禁介意准逃亡。
cnsider, suggest/advise, lk frward t, excuse/pardn; admit, delay/put ff, fancy（想象, 设想）; avid, miss, keep/keep n, practice; deny, finish, enjy/appreciate; frbid, imagine, risk; can’t help, mind, allw/permit, escape
be used/accustmed t, lead t, stick t, bject t, get dwn t, pay attentin t, can’t stand （无法忍受）, give up, feel like, insist n, thank…fr, aplgize fr, be busy （in）, have difficulty/truble （in）, have a gd/wnderful/hard time （in）, spend time （in）
后接不定式
后接动名词
regret t d sth. 遗憾要去做某事
regret ding sth. 后悔做过某事
frget t d sth. 忘记要去做某事
frget ding sth. 忘记做过某事
remember t d sth. 记得要去做某事
remember ding sth. 记得做过某事
mean t d sth. 打算做某事
mean ding sth. 意味着做某事
try t d sth. 努力/企图去做某事
try ding sth. 试着做某事
can’t help （t）d sth. 不能帮助做某事
can’t help ding sth. 情不自禁做某事
spend sme time ding sth. 花时间做某事
have fun/have a gd time/have a bad time ding sth. 很（不）愉快做某事
have （n） difficulty ding sth. 做某事（没）有困难
catch sb. ding sth. 当场发现某人做某事
there is n pint ding sth. 做某事没有意义
there is n denying that…毋庸置疑……
it’s n use/gd ding sth. 做某事没有用/没好处
sth. be wrth ding某事值得（被）做
be busy ding sth. 忙于做某事
can’t help ding sth. 情不自禁做某事
send sb. ding sth. 使得某人做某事
sth. needs ding某事需要（被）做
end up ding sth. 结果做了某事