人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage课时作业

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage课时作业，共19页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37，C．Failure， 你的建议等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
（B卷·提升能力）
（时间：100分钟，满分：120分）
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2021·湖北·宜昌市夷陵中学高一期中）
Washington, D．C．Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D．C．
Duration: 3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D．C．Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms—disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D．C．Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D．C．
Duration: 3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C．newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D．C．in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (7miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D．C．Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
1．Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D．C．
B．Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington.
D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
2．What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A．Meet famous people. B．Go to a national park.
C．Visit well-known museums. D．Enjoy interesting stories.
3．Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A．City maps. B．Cameras.
C．Meals. D．Safety lights.
B
（2020·山东省淄博第七中学高一期中） As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and French, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars (学者) from a number of organizations-UNESCO and National Geographic among them-have for many years been documenting (记录) dying languages and the cultures they reflect. Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not satisfied to simply record these voices before they disappear without record. At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials, including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes, which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection. Now, through the two organizations that he has founded, the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project, Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, for the world available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin’s notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.
4．Many scholars are making efforts to .
A．save global languages
B．search for new languages
C．rescue disappearing languages
D．set up language research centers
5．What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Writing books on language teaching.
B．Having full records of the languages.
C．Telling stories about language users.
D．Living with the native speaker.
6．What is Turin’s book based on?
A．His experience in Nepal.
B．The documents available at Yale.
C．His language research in Bhutan.
D．The cultural studies.
7．Which of the following best describe Turin’s work?
A．Write, sell and donate.
B．Record, repair and reward.
C．Design, experiment and report.
D．Collect, protect and reconnect.
C
（2021·全国·高一单元测试）Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world. They range from the 1960s Nubian campaign to safeguard Ancient Egyptian monuments from the waters of the Aswan Dam to the removal in 2018 of the Belize Barrier Reef from the List of World Heritage in Danger. Conservation is the core purpose of the World Heritage Convention and it may also be its biggest challenge.
The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable (可持续性) development. A year after Vienna was included on the World Heritage List in 2001, the World Heritage Committee (WHC) expressed concerns about the architectural solutions and height of four planned towers of the Wien-Mitte project. This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna in the site’s buffer zone, the one that lies between two or more other areas, affected the urban scale (规模) and visual effects in and around the property (地产). As a result of the Committee’s concerns, Vienna changed its building codes and launched a new design competition for the Wien-Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.
The successful practice inspired the government of the city to invite over 600 experts and professionals from 55 countries to an international conference on World Heritage and contemporary architecture, held in Vienna in May 2005. The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development, was recorded in the UNESCO Recommendation in 2011.
The Recommendation put forwards an all-rounded and combined approach to balancing urban heritage (遗产) conservation and economic development, arguing that active protection and management of urban heritage supports the goal of sustainable development.
The Recommendation supports the harmonious combination of contemporary involvement into the historic urban framework while holding on to values linked to history, memory and the environment.
8．Why does the author mention the Belize Barrier Reef in Paragraph 1?
A．To explain the goal of the organization.
B．To encourage the public to protect the world.
C．To show the positive effect of conservation.
D．To remind people of the environmental problems.
9．Why was WHC worried about the Wien-Mitte project?
A．It took up too much public land of the city.
B．It had a bad effect on the Historic Centre of Vienna.
C．Its original designs were not environmentally friendly.
D．Its architectural solutions couldn’t meet safety standards.
10．What did the global discussion focus on?
A．The ways to combine conservation and development.
B．The creation of the new UNESCO Recommendation.
C．The international urban management and development.
D．The styles of the contemporary architecture of Vienna.
11．What is the authors purpose in writing the text?
A．To examine the challenges faced by global urban planners.
B．To introduce alternative ways of protecting the environment.
C．To stress the importance of the value of history and memory.
D．To promote active conservation and sustainable development.
D
（2021·江西省余干县黄金埠中学高一期中） In the middle of the 19th century，a fever dream of riches beyond measure drew countless explorers west to the mountains of central California.Although the gold rush ended up being a bust for many who sought a fortune，some of those explorers discovered a natural treasure that would draw permanent settlers to Yosemite Valley in the following decade.
Vast wilderness，beautiful mountains，countless waterfalls，and abundant wildlife drew Native Americans to Yosemite roughly 10，000 years ago.The first non-native tourists arrived in the mid-1850s after reports from gold seekers told of an area of breathtaking beauty that no words were able to describe.
Fortunately，some of Yosemite’s earliest settlers recognized that Yosemite’s natural beauty and resources needed to be preserved for future generations.In the midst of the Civil War，President Abraham Lincoln signed a grant to protect Yosemite permanently，thus making it the nation’s first land to be dedicated to recreation and setting the stage for what would become the national park system.
One of Yosemite’s earliest ambassadors was Scottish-American naturalist and writer John Muir.After living in Yosemite for a few years，he helped define its proposed boundaries.He also wrote articles that helped lead to its official title as a National Park in 1890.He later co-founded the Sierra Club in 1892 to advocate for its continued preservation and protection.
Located on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in central California，Yosemite National Park runs across nearly 748，000 acres，almost 95％of which is wilderness.Around four million visitors come to Yosemite each year to camp，hike its miles of trails，climb its rock formations，and photograph its impressive sights.Are you ready to visit Yosemite National Park? Which of Yosemite’s sights would you most like to experience?
12．Which of the following best explains“bust”underlined in Paragraph 1?
A．Memory. B．Symbo1. C．Failure. D．Challenge.
13．When did the first non-native tourists come to Yosemite?
A．After it was discovered by gold seekers.
B．When the gold rush finally came to a stop.
C．Before native Americans found its beauty.
D．When it became a National Park in 1890.
14．What do we learn about John Muir?
A．He was the first to build the national park.
B．He helped set the boundaries of Yosemite.
C．He wrote to collect money for Yosemite.
D．He gave Yosemite an official name.
15．What do we know about Yosemite National Park?
A．It has been well preserved since the Civil War.
B．It was originally created to protect wild animals.
C．It used to be well-known for its man-made beauty.
D．It was once damaged by some of its earliest settlers.

第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2021·全国·高一单元测试） International tourism is becoming interestingly popular, and large numbers of people from all over the world come to visit famous places such as the Great Wall of China and the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. 16． They've thrown rubbish everywhere, brought more traffic and even done serious damage to ancient relics.
As for the damage, there are many different causes. For example, the paintings in the Sistine Chapel are being damaged by people breathing onto them when they visit. 17． That may raise the humidity (湿气) of the air and damage the paintings. Damage in other places such as the Great Wall is because of tourists climbing on delicate (脆弱的) areas. Besides, roads have also been built to help visitors climb the Wall easily. These activities can cause a lot of damage to the area.
18． Firstly, we have to cut down tourist numbers, because fewer visitors will result in less damage. Secondly, we should make strict rules about which areas people can visit and what they can do when they get there. 19． People will not be allowed to walk off the paths. Visitors to indoor places can be asked to wear masks to protect the paintings.
In short, it is necessary to control tourism at famous places. 20． And people who live hundreds of years later will have no chance to see these great places.
A．For example, special paths can be built.
B．What can we do to deal with these problems?
C．The Great Wall was built over 2,000 years ago.
D．However, these visitors have caused many problems.
E.Traveling is the best way for us to get to know the world.
F.If we do not do this, these places will disappear from our planet.
G.Their breath contains very small drops of water that are present in the air.

第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2021·江苏如皋·高一期中）Every week, Liu Fang, a 38 - year - old media worker in Beijing, goes to a store specializing in selling near - expired (快过期的) food and returns with a bag of snacks or drinks.
“The price tags on these goods have caught my eye. They are often 21 at 10 percent to 30 percent of the market price,” Liu said. “More importantly, most of them are from big 22 . Why wouldn't I love them?”
Liu is among the 23 number of Chinese people who enjoy buying near - expired food at much 24 prices. According to the latest report, the near - expired food industry had a 25 size of over 30 billion yuan in 2020. Young consumers aged between 26 and 35 26 47. 8 percent.
Unlike the traditional 27 that buying such goods is embarrassing, more and more young people regard it as a kind of sustainable consumption that can help 28 food waste.
Indeed, food waste is a great 29 for China and other countries. According to a 2020 report, about 18 billion kilograms of food is wasted every year in China's urban catering industry (餐饮业) .
As people's lives improved greatly, many began to make or 30 more food than could be consumed, CGTN reported. But the trend of buying near - expired food may 31 that the Chinese virtue of frugality (节约) is 32 a comeback.
“I've been very frugal all my life. Living 33 a hard time of hunger (1959 - 61), I'm used to saving every 34 and every penny,” Zhang Xin, a retired woman born in the 1950s, told CGTN. “I'm happy to see more young people, who used to 35 extravagantly (奢侈地), joining our ranks. ”
21．A．attached B．narrowed C．sold D．targeted
22．A．customers B．producers C．departments D．fashions
23．A．amazing B．falling C．increasing D．recovering
24．A．cheaper B．higher C．flexible D．normal
25．A．industry B．potential C．market D．digital
26．A．dropped to B．took on C．brought out D．accounted for
27．A．trick B．memory C．routine D．thinking
28．A．reuse B．reduce C．recycle D．remove
29．A．challenge B．root C．shadow D．theme
30．A．order B．recommend C．contribute D．avoid
31．A．argue B．suggest C．equal D．ensure
32．A．approaching B．permitting C．making D．suffering
33．A．within B．through C．below D．across
34．A．game B．drink C．grain D．pudding
35．A．behave B．cost C．rate D．spend

第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
语法填空(在空白出填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。)
（2021·合肥一中·高一月考）Cultural TV programs experienced a come-back at 36． start of the Chinese New year in 2017. Since its broadcast, the program, Readers,37． (become) a hit. Broadcast on China Central Television (CCTV) over the weekend, it is bringing fresh 38． (enthusiastic) for literature in China. Readers set out to interpret the power and values behind 39． (tradition) Chinese culture. The weekly talk show, produced and hosted by the famous TV personality Dong Qing, invites people from all walks of life to read poems, essays and books they like or wrote. Readers has brought the almost-lost habit 40． reading aloud back into the public spotlight, 41． allows the audience 42． (appreciate) the beauty of language. The participants also 43． (active) share stories from their own life, 44． (explain) reasons why particular pieces touched their hearts or shaped their lives. In the show, poems can 45． (adapt) into songs. So far this program has been considered one of the most popular shows in China.

第三部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．（2021·江苏徐州·高一期末）假如你是李华，刚从敦煌莫高窟旅游回来，你看到莫高窟受到了自然和人为的破坏，为此感到心痛。因此，你给当地政府写了封邮件，希望当地政府能够采取措施保护这宝贵的文化遗产。
内容包括：
1. 莫高窟现状：受到破坏；
2. 保护文化遗产的重要性；
3. 你的建议。
注意：
1. 词数120左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文流畅；
3. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：敦煌莫高窟Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes 文化遗产cultural heritage
Dear Sir,
I have just finished traveling in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I would appreciate it if my suggestions were accepted.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua

第二节（满分25分）
47．（2020·湖南·长郡中学高一阶段练习）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mother’s gift
I grew up in a small town where the primary school was a ten-minute walk from my house．When the noon bell rang，I would race breathlessly home．My mother would be standing at the top of the stairs，smiling down at me．
One lunchtime when I was in the third grade will stay with me always．I had been picked to be the princess in the school play，and for weeks my mother had rehearsed my lines so hard with me．But no matter how easily I acted at home，as soon as I stepped onstage，every word disappeared from my head．Finally，my teacher took me aside．She explained that she had written a narrator's part to the play，and asked me to change roles．Her word，kindly expressed，still hurt，especially when I saw my part go to another girl．
I didn't tell my mother what had happened when I went home for lunch that day．But she sensed my pain．Instead of suggesting we practise my lines，she asked if I wanted to walk in the yard．
It was a lovely spring day and the rose vine was turning green．Under the huge trees，we could see yellow dandelions（蒲公英）in the grass in bunches，as if a painter had touched our landscape with a bit of gold．I watched my mother casually bend down by one dandelion．"I think I'm going to dig up all these weeds，" she said，pulling it up by its roots．"From now on，we'll have only roses in this garden．"
“But I like dandelions，” I protested．“All flowers are beautiful—even dandelions．”
My mother looked at me seriously．“Yes，every flower gives pleasure in its own way，doesn't it？" she asked thoughtfully．I nodded，pleased that I had won her over．“And that is true of people too，" she added．“Not everyone can be a princess，but there is no shame in that．" Relieved that she had guessed my pain，I started to cry as I told her what had happened．She listened and smiled reassuringly．
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右：
2．请按如下格式作答。
“But you will be a beautiful narrator，” she said，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After the play，I took home the flower.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案

1．A
2．D
3．D
【分析】
本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了在Washington, D.C. 骑自行车旅行的四条路线的相关行程及注意事项。
1．细节理解题。根据文章Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.中的Reserve your spot before availability可知，这个骑行项目需要提前预约。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.中的Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks.可知，在这个活动中，你可以享受有趣的故事。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据文章Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour中的All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。故选D。
【点睛】
本篇文章最容易出错的题是21题，究其原因是不熟悉词汇reserve的词义：预约。in advance意为“提前“。因此，高考前熟悉词汇和短语是重中之重的事情。Reserve your spot before availability — and the cherry blossoms — disappear在有效期和樱花消失前预约。

4．C
5．B
6．A
7．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了学者们通过记录濒临消失的语言和文化，来挽救这些语言。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations-UNESCO and National Geographic among them-have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.（为了防止语言的流失，许多组织的学者——包括联合国教科文组织和国家地理——多年来一直在记录濒临灭亡的语言和它们所反映的文化。）可知为了避免一些语言的消失，学者们一直在记录濒危的语言和其反映的文化。故选C。
5．词义猜测题。前句提到了documenting (记录) dying languages and the cultures they reflect 记录濒危的语言和其反映的文化，可知Mark Turin正在遵循这一传统。故此处that tradition指的是完整记录语言的做法，故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.（他最近出版的一本书A Grammar of Thangmi记叙了他在尼泊尔一个村庄的生活、工作和养家的经历，这本书用民族语言介绍了讲这种语言的人及其文化。）可知，他的著作是根据他在尼泊尔一个村庄的生活经历写的。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, for the world available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.（都灵已经开始了一场运动，使这些文献不仅对学者，而且对最初收集这些材料的社区的年轻一代都能得到。都灵指出，由于数字技术和广泛使用的互联网，濒危语言可以得到拯救，并与语言社区重新建立联系。）可知Turin的作品是从最初的材料上进行的收集，他的作品使濒临危险的语言得到了保护，并且与言语重新连接。故选D。

8．C
9．B
10．A
11．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个遗产保护和可持续发展相结合的成功案例，目的是促进积极的遗产保护和可持续发展。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world.”可知，有效保护世界遗产的例子对世界很重要，紧接着提到伯利兹大堡礁就是为了证明这一点，由此可知作者在第一段提到伯利兹大堡礁就是为了展示遗产保护的积极作用，故C项正确。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna in the site’s buffer zone, the one that lies between two or more other areas, affected the urban scale (规模) and visual effects in and around the property (地产). ”可知，该开发项目靠近位于场地缓冲区的维也纳历史中心，位于两个或多个其他区域之间，影响了场地内和周围的城市规模和视觉效果，由此可知，世界遗产委员会担心Wien-Mitte项目是因为它对维也纳的历史中心产生了不良影响，故B项正确。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development”可知，全球讨论的焦点是把遗产保护和发展结合起来的方法，故A项正确。
11．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable (可持续性) development.”可知，文章主要介绍了几个遗产保护和可持续发展相结合的成功案例，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是促进积极的遗产保护和可持续发展，故D项正确。
【点睛】
涉及到目的意图的推理判断题难度较大，抓住文章主题是关键，例如本篇第4题，根据第二段中的“The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable (可持续性) development.”可知，文章主要介绍的是几个遗产保护和可持续发展相结合的成功案例，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是促进积极的遗产保护和可持续发展，故D项正确。

12．C
13．A
14．B
15．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国风景优美之地约塞米蒂的历史以及约塞米蒂国家公园的特点。
12．词义猜测题。根据.Although和画线词后的“some of those explorers discovered a natural treasure”以及历史知识可知，尽管淘金热最终以许多淘金者的失败而告终，但其中一些探索者发现了一个自然宝藏，由此可知画线词词义为“失败”，故C项正确。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The first non-native tourists arrived in the mid-1850s after reports from gold seekers told of an area of breathtaking beauty that no words were able to describe.”可知，第一批非本地游客是在听淘金者说这里有难以用语言描绘的美景后来到约塞米蒂的，也就是他们在这个地方被淘金者发现之后来到这里的，故A项正确。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“After living in Yosemite for a few years，he helped define its proposed boundaries.”可知，在约塞米蒂居住多年后，John Muir帮助确定了约塞米蒂的边界，故B项正确。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the midst of the Civil War，President Abraham Lincoln signed a grant to protect Yosemite permanently”可知，内战期间，林肯总统就签署了一项条款，永久保护约塞米蒂，由此可知，自内战期间起，约塞米蒂就得到了很好的保护，故A项正确。
【点睛】
词义猜测题的难度较大，但一些表示转折、让步或者因果关系的词语会给出一些重要暗示，例如本篇第1题，画线词前的“Although”表明前后是两种相反的结果，再结合画线词后的“some of those explorers discovered a natural treasure”可知，尽管淘金热最终以许多淘金者的失败而告终，但其中一些探索者发现了一个自然宝藏，由此可知画线词词义为“失败”。

16．D
17．G
18．B
19．A
20．F
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。文章就如何保护旅游胜地提出了几点建议。
16．
上文“International tourism is becoming interestingly popular, and large numbers of people from all over the world come to visit famous places such as the Great Wall of China and the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican.（国际旅游业正在变得越来越受欢迎，大量来自世界各地的人们来参观著名的地方，如中国的长城和梵蒂冈的西斯廷教堂）”和下文“They've thrown rubbish everywhere, brought more traffic and even done serious damage to ancient relics.（他们到处扔垃圾，带来更多的交通，甚至严重破坏了古代文物）”说明游客给旅游地点带来了问题， D项“然而，这些访客造成了许多问题”承上启下，与上文形成转折，引出下文。选项中的these visitors和下文中的They指代对象一致，符合题意，故选D项。
17．
上文“For example, the paintings in the Sistine Chapel are being damaged by people breathing onto them when they visit.（例如，西斯廷教堂里的绘画作品正在遭到破坏，因为人们在参观时对着它们呼吸）”和下文“That may raise the humidity (湿气) of the air and damage the paintings.（这可能会提高空气的湿度，损坏画作）”说明人的呼吸对绘画作品造成破坏。 G项“他们呼吸的空气中含有很小的水滴，这些水滴存在于空气中”承接上文，引出下文，选项中的breath和上文中的breathing语义一致，符合题意。故选G项。
18．
下文“Firstly, we have to cut down tourist numbers, because fewer visitors will result in less damage. Secondly, we should make strict rules about which areas people can visit and what they can do when they get there.（首先，我们必须减少游客数量，因为游客减少会导致损失减少。其次，我们应该制定严格的规则，规定人们可以去哪些地方，到了那里可以做什么。）”说明我们应该怎样做去保护旅游胜地，设空处位于本段段首，应为本段的主题句，可知本段的主题应该与保护旅游胜地有关。 B项“我们能做些什么来处理这些问题”引出下文，下文中的Firstly，we have to和 Secondly，we should是对选项中问题的回答。故选B项。
19．
下文“People will not be allowed to walk off the paths. (人们不允许离开小路。)”说明人们必须走小路。A项“例如，可以建立特殊的路径”引出下文，选项中的paths和下文中的paths描述对象一致。故选A项。
20．
上文“In short, it is necessary to control tourism at famous places.（总之，有必要控制名胜旅游。）”和下文“And people who live hundreds of years later will have no chance to see these great places.（而那些活了几百年的人们将没有机会看到这些伟大的地方）”说明如果不控制名胜旅游，这些地方可能会消失。F项“如果我们不这样做，这些地方将从我们的星球上消失”承接上文，引出下文，选项中的these places will disappear from our planet和下文中的will have no chance to see these great places语义一致。故选F项。

21．C
22．B
23．C
24．A
25．C
26．D
27．D
28．B
29．A
30．A
31．B
32．C
33．B
34．C
35．D
【分析】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是越来越多的年轻人认为购买过期食品是一种可持续的消费，可以帮助减少食物浪费。
21．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们的售价通常是市场价的10%到30%。A. attached粘贴；B. narrowed使变窄；C. sold出售；D. targeted面向。由“at 10 percent to 30 percent of the market price”可知，它们的售价通常是市场价的10%到30%，因此空格处是“出售”，故选C。
22．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，其中大多数来自大型生产商。A. customers顾客；B. producers生产商；C. departments部门；D. fashions时尚。由“most of them are from big”可知，那些食物是大型生产商生产的，故选B。
23．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的中国人喜欢以更便宜的价格购买过期食品，刘就是其中之一。A. amazing令人惊讶的；B. falling下降的；C. increasing越来越多的；D. recovering正在恢复的。由后文的“Young consumers aged between 26 and 35_____47. 8 percent”可知，越来越多的中国人喜欢以更便宜的价格购买过期食品，故选C。
24．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的中国人喜欢以更便宜的价格购买过期食品，刘就是其中之一。A. cheaper更便宜的；B. higher更高的；C. flexible灵活的；D. normal正常的。由上文的“10 percent to 30 percent of the market price”可知，他们以更便宜的价格购买过期食品，故选A。
25．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据最新报告，到2020年，即将过期的食品行业的市场规模超过300亿元。A. industry工业；B. potential潜力；C. market市场；D. digital数字电视。由“over 30 billion yuan”可知，此处表示“过期的食品行业的市场规模超过300亿元”，故选C。
26．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：26 ~ 35岁的年轻消费者占47.8%。A. dropped to下降到；B. took on呈现；C. brought out使显示；D. accounted for（比例）占。“47. 8 percent”是一个比例，因此空格处是“占”，故选D。
27．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不像传统的想法，购买这样的商品是尴尬的，越来越多的年轻人认为这是一种可持续的消费，可以帮助减少食物浪费。A. trick窍门；B. memory记忆；C. routine常规；D. thinking想法。“buying such goods is embarrassing”是一种传统的想法，因此空格处是“想法”，故选D。
28．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不像传统的想法，购买这样的商品是尴尬的，越来越多的年轻人认为这是一种可持续的消费，可以帮助减少食物浪费。A. reuse重用；B. reduce减少；C. recycle回收；D. remove去除。由上文的“sustainable consumption”可知，这是一种可持续的消费，可以帮助减少食物浪费。故选B。
29．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，食物浪费对中国和其他国家来说都是一个巨大的挑战。A. challenge挑战；B. root根；C. shadow影子；D. theme主题。由后文的“about 18 billion kilograms of food is wasted every year”可知，中国城市餐饮业每年约有180亿公斤的食物被浪费，因此这是一个巨大的挑战，故选A。
30．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：据中国国际电视台报道，随着人们生活水平的大幅提高，许多人开始制作或订购超过消耗量的食物。A. order订购；B. recommend推荐；C. contribute贡献；D. avoid避免。由“many began to make or _____more food”可知，许多人开始制作或订购超过消耗量的食物，故选A。
31．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是购买近过期食品的趋势可能表明中国节俭的美德(节约)正在卷土重来。A. argue争论；B. suggest表明；C. equal等于；D. ensure确保。由“that the Chinese virtue of frugality (节约) is_____ a comeback”可知，购买近过期食品的趋势可能表明中国节俭的美德(节约)正在卷土重来。故选B。
32．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是购买近过期食品的趋势可能表明中国节俭的美德(节约)正在卷土重来。A. approaching接近；B. permitting允许；C. making制作；D. suffering遭受。由上文的“buying near - expired food”和“the Chinese virtue of frugality”可知，购买近过期食品的趋势可能表明中国节俭的美德(节约)正在卷土重来，make a comeback意为“卷土重来”，故选C。
33．
考查介词词义辨析。句意：生活在1959 - 61年的饥饿时期，我习惯了节约每一粒粮食和每一分钱。A. within在（某段时间）之内；B. through通过；C. below在……下面；D. across在……对面。由后文的“a hard time of hunger”可知，此处表示生活在1959 - 61年的饥饿时期，live through意为“经历过”，故选B。
34．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活在1959 - 61年的饥饿时期，我习惯了节约每一粒粮食和每一分钱。A. game游戏；B. drink饮料；C. grain谷物，谷粒；D. pudding布丁。由“saving every _____and every penny”可知，此处表示“我习惯了节约每一粒粮食和每一分钱”，因此空格处是“谷物，谷粒”，故选C。
35．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴看到更多过去挥霍无度的年轻人加入我们的行列。A. behave表现；B. cost需花费；C. rate评定；D. spend花费。由“young people, who used to _____extravagantly”可知，句子表示“我很高兴看到更多过去挥霍无度的年轻人加入我们的行列”，故选D。

36．the
37．has become
38．enthusiasm
39．traditional
40．of
41．which
42．to appreciate
43．actively
44．explaining
45．be adapted
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。2017年春节伊始，文化电视节目迎来了回归。名为《读者》的节目大受欢迎。参与者还积极分享自己生活中的故事，解释为什么某些作品触动了他们的心灵或塑造了他们的生活。
36．考查定冠词。句意：2017年春节伊始，文化电视节目迎来了回归。根据句意可知此处应用定冠词the表强调，at the start of“在......
开始的时候”，故答案为the。
37．考查现在完成时。句意：自从播出以来，这个名为《读者》的节目大受欢迎。根据此处since“自从.......
以来”，句子用现在完成时态，且句子主语the program是单数地三人称，故答案为has become。
38．考查名词。句意：上周末在中央电视台(CCTV)播出的这部纪录片，给中国的文学带来了新的热情。根据前面的形容词fresh“新鲜的”可知后面应用名词，enthusiasm热情，热心。故答案为enthusiasm。
39．考查形容词。句意：读者开始解读中国传统文化背后的力量和价值。根据后面的Chinese culture.可知此处是形容词修饰名词，traditional传统的。故答案为traditional。
40．考查介词。句意：读者们已经把几乎丢失了的大声阅读的习惯带回到了大众面前，这能让观众们欣赏语言的美。根据句意可知此处应用of，the habit of…,意为：……的习惯。故填of。
41．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：读者们已经把几乎丢失了的大声阅读的习惯带回到了大众面前，这能让观众们欣赏语言的美。分析句子可知此处为非限制性定语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句一整句话。故填which。
42．考查不定式。句意：读者们已经把几乎丢失了的大声阅读的习惯带回到了大众面前，这能让观众们欣赏语言的美。分析句子可知此处为allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。故填to appreciate。
43．考查副词。句意：参与者还积极分享自己生活中的故事，解释为什么某些作品触动了他们的心灵或塑造了他们的生活。分析句子结构可知此处是副词修饰动词share，actively积极地。故答案为actively。
44．考查现在分词。句意：参与者还积极分享他们自己的故事，解释为什么某些作品触动了他们的心灵或塑造了他们的生活。结合句意可知此处应为伴随状语，The participants与explain构成主谓关系，因此用现在分词形式，表“主动”，作伴随状语。故答案为explaining。
45．考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：在这个节目中，诗歌可以被改编成歌曲。结合句意可知此处是含情态动词的被动语态，情态动词can已经给出，因此后面应用be adapted。故答案为be adapted。
【点睛】
语法填空题的考查形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇中留出10处空白，这十处空白分为两种：有提示词和不给提示词。有提示词的要求考生根据上下文填写所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语通常不会多于3个单词。不给提示词主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。具体考查形式有以下几种：
一、给出动词的基本形态：①词性、词形转化(转为名词、形容词)；②填写谓语动词（此时要考虑动词的时态和语态，可能需要填写两个或三个词）；③填写非谓语动词；例如第9小题，句意：参与者还积极分享他们自己的故事，解释为什么某些作品触动了他们的心灵或塑造了他们的生活。结合句意可知此处应为伴随状语，The participants与explain构成主谓关系，因此用现在分词形式，表“主动”，作伴随状语。故答案为explaining。
二、给出形容词，①词性、词形转化，转化为副词；②考查形容词的比较级、最高级或是填写反义词(前缀)；例如第8小题，句意：参与者还积极分享自己生活中的故事，解释为什么某些作品触动了他们的心灵或塑造了他们的生活。分析句子结构可知此处是副词修饰动词share，actively积极地。故答案为actively。
三、给出副词，考查副词的比较级、最高级或是反义词。
四、不给提示词主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。
46．Dear Sir,
I have just finished traveling in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. The scenery there is really beautiful, but it is suffering from damages due to natural forces such as frequent sandstorms. What’s worse, some tourists even carve their names on the walls, making me heartbroken.
I strongly feel it significant to protect cultural heritage. For one thing, cultural heritage, which is the witness to the historical development, is an important basis for historical research. For another, it is likely to provide a source of tourism income, if maintained well.
So I hope the authorities can take measures to protect Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, such as raising people’s awareness by handing out leaflets on perserving cultural heritage. Besides, strict regulations should be made to fine spoilers. Planting more trees is also a good way to prevent sandstorms.
I would appreciate it if my suggestions were accepted.
Sincerely
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。
【详解】
第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件：假如你是李华，刚从敦煌莫高窟旅游回来，你看到莫高窟受到了自然和人为的破坏，为此感到心痛。因此，你给当地政府写了封邮件，希望当地政府能够采取措施保护这宝贵的文化遗产。内容包括：1. 莫高窟现状：受到破坏；
2. 保护文化遗产的重要性；3. 你的建议。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：finished traveling in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes（完成在敦煌莫高窟的旅行）；uch as frequent sandstorms（例如频繁的沙尘暴）；cultural heritage（文化遗产）；take measures to protect Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes,（采取措施保护敦煌莫高窟）；等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】
本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。What’s worse, some tourists even carve their names on the walls, making me heartbroken. 现在分词作伴随状语；I strongly feel it significant to protect cultural heritage.此处it做形式宾语，动词不定式做真正的宾语；For one thing, cultural heritage, which is the witness to the historical development, is an important basis for historical research.句中which引导非限制性定语从句；另外，What’s worse, For one thing, For another, Besides,等的运用为文章增色添彩。
47．【参考范文】
“But you will be a beautiful narrator,” she said, encouraging and comforting me as always as she did. My beloved mom, wearing a shining smile on her soft face, added. “The narrator’s part is important, too.” Thanks to her encouragement, which calmed me down gradually, I began to accept that the narrator part was of vital significance. Time went so fast that it reached to the performance day. At first I was still nervous, but it was at that very moment that I found a dandelion in my pocket. I knew my mom passed the flower to me, which meant to be in company with me.
After the play, I took home the flower. Mom carefully gazed at the dandelion, gently pressed it into the dictionary and grinned happily as she did. “We were perhaps the only people who would press such a sorry-looking weed.” Though decades have passed, I constantly recall our precious lunchtimes being together, grateful, because smiles on Mother’s face and her kind act foster a man like me now! And all those inspiring words like “Cease to struggle and you cease to live.” have been echoing in my mind as fresh as a daisy.
【分析】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者原本被选定为出演话剧中公主的角色，由于表现不佳，被老师调整角色，不得不担任话剧讲解员，在心情郁闷之时，母亲一如既往地用自己的智慧，以花园里玫瑰和蒲公英的存在为载体，宽慰作者的心，帮助作者重拾信心，以及让作者在后来的人生道路上也充满了信心。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“但你会成为一个美丽的讲解员”可知，第一段可描写母亲如何用花园里的玫瑰和蒲公英打比方，缓解我的情绪，并给我勇气，让我重拾信心去参加比赛。
②由第二段首句内容“演出结束后，我把花带回家。”可知，这里的花指的是前文提到的蒲公英，是作者去表演时母亲给他的花。本段还可以继续描写母亲对我人生态度的影响。
2.续写线索：我参加学校话剧表演——要求担任公主的角色——表现不佳——被老师调整为讲解员——心情压抑——母亲用玫瑰和蒲公英的故事开导我——重拾信心登上舞台——演出成功——母亲鼓励的话语依旧回荡。
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.发现：find/ discover/ detect
②.回忆：recall/ look back on/ think back to
③.培养：foster/ cultivate/ rear/ raise
情绪类
①.快乐的：happy / cheerful/ joyous
②.紧张的：nervous / anxious/ worried
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. Thanks to her encouragement, which calmed me down gradually, I began to accept that the narrator part was of vital significance.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]. At first I was still nervous, but it was at that very moment that I found a dandelion in my pocket.（运用了it was……that强调句型，本句强调时间状语）