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2022年高考英语语法复习专题-独立主格结构学案
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这是一份2022年高考英语语法复习专题-独立主格结构学案，共8页。
独立主格结构表达的意义
1.表示伴随的动作或状态、方式或补充说明。
2.说明时间或顺序
3.表示原因。
4.表示条件。
独立主格的构成有类型
1. 不定式t d表示动作没有发生或即将发生，且t d动作的执行者是句子的主语。动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
The manager lks wrried，many things t settle.
经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。
The fur f us agreed n a divisin f labr, each t translate a quarter f the bk.
我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
Many trees, flwers, and grass t be planted, ur newly-built schl will lk even mre beautiful.
种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
2. 动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，与-ed的主语构成被动关系。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed n the blackbard.
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
The wrkers wrked still harder, their living cnditins greatly imprved.
由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。
The president assassinated, the whle cuntry was in deep srrw.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
3. 动词-ing式往往表示动作正在进行，-ing的主语和动作构成主动关系.
The fd being cked, the by was watching TV.
小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。
The girl staring at him, he didn't knw what t say.
姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
Time permitting, we will g fr an uting tmrrw.
如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。
4. 另外还有两种固定形式：
1) There being +名词（代词）如：
There being nthing else t d, we went hme.
没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
There being n further business, I declare the meeting clsed.
没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。
2) It being +名词（代词）如：
It being Christmas, the gvernment ffices were clsed.
由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。
It being a hliday, all the shps were shut.
由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。
比较下面句子
找出这几个句子在句式结构上有何不同，找出错误的句子并说明原因。
1.It was sunny that day and we went camping in the frest.(正确)
2.It was sunny that day,we went camping in the frest.(错误)
3.It was sunny that day,s we went camping in the frest.(正确)
4.It being sunny that day,we went camping in the frest.(正确)
句1是用连接词and连接的两个句子，句2错两个句子用，分开不正确，句3构成s引导的状语从句，句4是独立主格结构做状语。
专项练习题一
1.It _____ heavily,the game had t be delayed.
A. was snwing B.snwing C.snwed D.had snwed
2._____,the lecture began.
A.The listeners having taken their seats B.Having taken their seats
C.Taking their seats D.The listeners t take their seats
3._____,Tm went ut t play.
A.There was nthing t d B.There had nthing t d
C.As there had nthing t d D.There being nthing t d
4._____,the leaves are beginning ______.
A. Autumn fall B.Autumn cming... t fall
C. As autumn cming ... falling D.Autumn t came ... falling
5._____,the patient can leave the hspital.
A.Better cnditins B.Cnditins better C.Cnditins are better D.Being better cnditins.
6._____,the patient can leave the hspital.
A.If better cnditins B.If cnditins better
C.If cnditins are better D.Being better cnditins
7._____,we'd like t g uting.
A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK
8._____,we'd like t g uting.
A.If Sunday is Ok B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday Ok D.A B and C
9._____,yu can wait a while.
A.The play being still n B.The play still n C.Being still n the play D.A and B
10._____,s yu can wait a while.
A.The play is still n B.The play Being still n C.As the play is still n D.The play still n
Keys:1-5 BADBB 6-10 CBDDA
专项练习题二
1.The man rushed int the huse,his face _____ under his cap.
A.hiding B.having hidden C.hidden D.t hide
2._____ n bus,we had t walk hme.
A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was
3._____ n bus,we had t walk hme.
A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was
4._____ Sunday,the library desn't pen.
A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been
5._____ Sunday,the library dsen't pen.
A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is
6._____,the train started.
A.The signal given B.Giving the signal C.The signal being given D.The signal giving
7._____,the train started.
A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given
C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given
8._____,the text became easier fr us t lean.
A.Explaining new wrds B.New wrds explained
C.Being explained new wrds D.Having explained new wrds
9._____,the text became easier fr us t lean.
A.When new wrds were explained B.Explaining new wrds
C.New wrds explaining D.Being explained new wrds
10.S many prblems _____,I'm in a tight crner.
A.settled B.remained t settle C.being settled D.remaining t be settled
11.The speech _____,a lively discussin started.
A.being delivered B.was delivered C.be delivered D.having been delivered
12.My mney _____,I have t d sme part-time jb _____ my living.
A.has run ut ... earning B.is running ut ... t earn
C.has been run ut ... earning D.running ut ... t earn
13._____,we dn't have t g hme n ft.
A.There cmes a bus B.Cming a bus there C.There cming a bus D.Because the bus cming
14.The meeting _____ ver,we all left the rm.
A.is B.t be C.being D.wuld be
15.Eurpean ftball is played in 80 cuntries,it ____ the mst ppular sprt in the wrld.
A.making B.makes C.made D.t make
16._____ such heavy pllutin already,it may nw be t late t clean up the river.
A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.T suffer D.Suffered
17.The fish _____ bad,the children left much f ____ it.
A.tasted,untuched B.tasting,untuched
C.tasting,untuching D.tasted,untuching
18.______ frm what yu say,he ught t succed.
A.Judged B.Judging C.When yu judged D.Because yu judge
19.Everything _____ int cnsideratin,they ught t have anther chance.
A.t take B.taken C.t be taken D.taking
20.Time _____,I'll drp in n yu while visiting yur hmetwn.
A.permit B.permitted C.being permitted D.permitting
21.The by fllwed the nbleman here,_____.
A.a swrd in hand B.a swrd in his hand
B.being a swrd in hand D.swrd in hand
22.The by fllwed the nbleman here _____.
A.with a swrd in his hand B.with a swrd in hand
C.with a swrd being in hand D.a swrd being in hand
23.He left the ffice,_____.
A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with tears being in eyes
24.He left the ffice ______.
A.with tears being in eyes B.with tears in her eyes
C.being tears in eyes D.tears being in eyes
Keys: 1-5 CAB CD 6-10 AD BAD 11-15 DDG CA 16-20 ABB BD 21-24 DABB
独立主格转换成状语从句
独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句。但是独立主格结构转换为状语从句后，它有自己的逻辑主语，与主句的主语不一致；而分词短语转换为状语从句后，从句的主语与主句的主语一致。
1.转换为条件状语从句
Time permitting, we'd better have a hliday at weekends.
转换为：
If time permits, we'd better have a hliday at weekends.
如果时间允许,我们最好周末去度假。
Listening t English every day, yu’ll learn it well step by step.
转换为：
If yu listen t English every day, yu’ll learn it well step by step.
如果你每天都听英语，你会慢慢地学得很好的。
2. 转换为时间状语从句
Seeing frm the hilltp, we can find the city mre beautiful.
转换为：
When we see frm the hilltp, we can find the city mre beautiful.
从山顶上看，我们发现这个城市更美了。
Hearing their teacher's vice, the pupils stpped talking at nce.
转换为：
When they heard their teacher's vice, the pupils stpped talking at nce.
一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
3.转换成原因状语从句
The by leading the way, we had n truble finding the strange cave.
转换为：
Because the bay led us the way, we had n truble finding the strange cave.
由那个男孩带路，我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。
Nt knwing her address, I can't write t her.转换为：
Because I dn’t knw her address, I can't write t her.
由于不知道她的地址，所以我不能给她写信。
还必须注意，分词结构的逻辑主语并不总是和主句的主语一致，也可以是主句的其他成分。
Searching fr the thief in the city, it had taken the plicemen a lng time.
独立主格结构表达的意义
1.表示伴随的动作或状态、方式或补充说明。
2.说明时间或顺序
3.表示原因。
4.表示条件。
独立主格的构成有类型
1. 不定式t d表示动作没有发生或即将发生，且t d动作的执行者是句子的主语。动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
The manager lks wrried，many things t settle.
经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。
The fur f us agreed n a divisin f labr, each t translate a quarter f the bk.
我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。
Many trees, flwers, and grass t be planted, ur newly-built schl will lk even mre beautiful.
种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
2. 动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，与-ed的主语构成被动关系。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed n the blackbard.
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
The wrkers wrked still harder, their living cnditins greatly imprved.
由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。
The president assassinated, the whle cuntry was in deep srrw.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
3. 动词-ing式往往表示动作正在进行，-ing的主语和动作构成主动关系.
The fd being cked, the by was watching TV.
小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。
The girl staring at him, he didn't knw what t say.
姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
Time permitting, we will g fr an uting tmrrw.
如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。
4. 另外还有两种固定形式：
1) There being +名词（代词）如：
There being nthing else t d, we went hme.
没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
There being n further business, I declare the meeting clsed.
没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。
2) It being +名词（代词）如：
It being Christmas, the gvernment ffices were clsed.
由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。
It being a hliday, all the shps were shut.
由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。
比较下面句子
找出这几个句子在句式结构上有何不同，找出错误的句子并说明原因。
1.It was sunny that day and we went camping in the frest.(正确)
2.It was sunny that day,we went camping in the frest.(错误)
3.It was sunny that day,s we went camping in the frest.(正确)
4.It being sunny that day,we went camping in the frest.(正确)
句1是用连接词and连接的两个句子，句2错两个句子用，分开不正确，句3构成s引导的状语从句，句4是独立主格结构做状语。
专项练习题一
1.It _____ heavily,the game had t be delayed.
A. was snwing B.snwing C.snwed D.had snwed
2._____,the lecture began.
A.The listeners having taken their seats B.Having taken their seats
C.Taking their seats D.The listeners t take their seats
3._____,Tm went ut t play.
A.There was nthing t d B.There had nthing t d
C.As there had nthing t d D.There being nthing t d
4._____,the leaves are beginning ______.
A. Autumn fall B.Autumn cming... t fall
C. As autumn cming ... falling D.Autumn t came ... falling
5._____,the patient can leave the hspital.
A.Better cnditins B.Cnditins better C.Cnditins are better D.Being better cnditins.
6._____,the patient can leave the hspital.
A.If better cnditins B.If cnditins better
C.If cnditins are better D.Being better cnditins
7._____,we'd like t g uting.
A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK
8._____,we'd like t g uting.
A.If Sunday is Ok B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday Ok D.A B and C
9._____,yu can wait a while.
A.The play being still n B.The play still n C.Being still n the play D.A and B
10._____,s yu can wait a while.
A.The play is still n B.The play Being still n C.As the play is still n D.The play still n
Keys:1-5 BADBB 6-10 CBDDA
专项练习题二
1.The man rushed int the huse,his face _____ under his cap.
A.hiding B.having hidden C.hidden D.t hide
2._____ n bus,we had t walk hme.
A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was
3._____ n bus,we had t walk hme.
A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was
4._____ Sunday,the library desn't pen.
A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been
5._____ Sunday,the library dsen't pen.
A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is
6._____,the train started.
A.The signal given B.Giving the signal C.The signal being given D.The signal giving
7._____,the train started.
A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given
C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given
8._____,the text became easier fr us t lean.
A.Explaining new wrds B.New wrds explained
C.Being explained new wrds D.Having explained new wrds
9._____,the text became easier fr us t lean.
A.When new wrds were explained B.Explaining new wrds
C.New wrds explaining D.Being explained new wrds
10.S many prblems _____,I'm in a tight crner.
A.settled B.remained t settle C.being settled D.remaining t be settled
11.The speech _____,a lively discussin started.
A.being delivered B.was delivered C.be delivered D.having been delivered
12.My mney _____,I have t d sme part-time jb _____ my living.
A.has run ut ... earning B.is running ut ... t earn
C.has been run ut ... earning D.running ut ... t earn
13._____,we dn't have t g hme n ft.
A.There cmes a bus B.Cming a bus there C.There cming a bus D.Because the bus cming
14.The meeting _____ ver,we all left the rm.
A.is B.t be C.being D.wuld be
15.Eurpean ftball is played in 80 cuntries,it ____ the mst ppular sprt in the wrld.
A.making B.makes C.made D.t make
16._____ such heavy pllutin already,it may nw be t late t clean up the river.
A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.T suffer D.Suffered
17.The fish _____ bad,the children left much f ____ it.
A.tasted,untuched B.tasting,untuched
C.tasting,untuching D.tasted,untuching
18.______ frm what yu say,he ught t succed.
A.Judged B.Judging C.When yu judged D.Because yu judge
19.Everything _____ int cnsideratin,they ught t have anther chance.
A.t take B.taken C.t be taken D.taking
20.Time _____,I'll drp in n yu while visiting yur hmetwn.
A.permit B.permitted C.being permitted D.permitting
21.The by fllwed the nbleman here,_____.
A.a swrd in hand B.a swrd in his hand
B.being a swrd in hand D.swrd in hand
22.The by fllwed the nbleman here _____.
A.with a swrd in his hand B.with a swrd in hand
C.with a swrd being in hand D.a swrd being in hand
23.He left the ffice,_____.
A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with tears being in eyes
24.He left the ffice ______.
A.with tears being in eyes B.with tears in her eyes
C.being tears in eyes D.tears being in eyes
Keys: 1-5 CAB CD 6-10 AD BAD 11-15 DDG CA 16-20 ABB BD 21-24 DABB
独立主格转换成状语从句
独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句。但是独立主格结构转换为状语从句后，它有自己的逻辑主语，与主句的主语不一致；而分词短语转换为状语从句后，从句的主语与主句的主语一致。
1.转换为条件状语从句
Time permitting, we'd better have a hliday at weekends.
转换为：
If time permits, we'd better have a hliday at weekends.
如果时间允许,我们最好周末去度假。
Listening t English every day, yu’ll learn it well step by step.
转换为：
If yu listen t English every day, yu’ll learn it well step by step.
如果你每天都听英语，你会慢慢地学得很好的。
2. 转换为时间状语从句
Seeing frm the hilltp, we can find the city mre beautiful.
转换为：
When we see frm the hilltp, we can find the city mre beautiful.
从山顶上看，我们发现这个城市更美了。
Hearing their teacher's vice, the pupils stpped talking at nce.
转换为：
When they heard their teacher's vice, the pupils stpped talking at nce.
一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
3.转换成原因状语从句
The by leading the way, we had n truble finding the strange cave.
转换为：
Because the bay led us the way, we had n truble finding the strange cave.
由那个男孩带路，我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。
Nt knwing her address, I can't write t her.转换为：
Because I dn’t knw her address, I can't write t her.
由于不知道她的地址，所以我不能给她写信。
还必须注意，分词结构的逻辑主语并不总是和主句的主语一致，也可以是主句的其他成分。
Searching fr the thief in the city, it had taken the plicemen a lng time.
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