2022年人教版六年级小升初英语语法--四大时态讲解学案

这是一份2022年人教版六年级小升初英语语法--四大时态讲解学案，共5页。

1、定义：表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有usually，ften，every day，smetimes，always，at weekends，n Sundays等表示经常性时间的短语。
2、构成：
1）当谓语是be动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语＋be动词＋其他
如：I am a student.
He is Jim‟s father.
They are frm Japan.
2）当谓语是行为动词时，一般现在时的构成：
①主语（非第三人称单数）＋动词原形＋其他
如：I ften watch TV at the weekends.
Mr Green and Mrs Green like cllecting stamps.
②主语（第三人称单数）＋动词的第三人称单数形式＋其他
如：Jim usually visits his grandparents n Sundays.
She smetimes ges t the park with her mther.
3、动词三单形式的变化规则：
① 一般情况下，直接加s 如：read-reads，swim-swims
② 以s，x，sh，ch，结尾，加es 如：wash-washes，watch-watches，d-des
③ 以辅音字母＋y结尾，变y为i，再加es 如：study-studies，fly-flies
④ 不规则变化 如：have-has
4、一般现在时的句型转换：
现在进行时
1、定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有nw，lk，listen等词。
如：
I am washing clthes nw.
Lk! Liu Ta is climbing the tree.
Listen! Jane is singing in the music rm.
2、构成：be动词（am/is/are）+ 动词现在分词（V-ing）
3、动词现在分词构成：
① 一般是在动词原形后加ing
如：read-reading，drink-drinking，eat-eating，lk-lking
② 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加ing
如：write-writing，make-making，ride-riding，take-taking
③ 以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写这个字母，再加ing
如：sit-sitting，swim-swimming，put-putting，run-running，stp-stpping，
get-getting，begin-beginning，jg-jgging，frget-frgetting
4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词，它既有名词性质（可作主语），又有动词性质（可带宾语）。
如：Asking the way
My hbby is cllecting stamps. He is gd at skating.
5、现在进行时的句型转换：
一般将来时
1、定义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，以及打算、计划或准备某事。句中一般含有表示将来的时间状语，如：tmrrw mrning，next week，this afternn等表示将来的时间状语。
2、构成：
① be gng t +动词原形
如：I am ging t see a Beijing pera tmrrw.
We are ging t meet at bus stp at half past ten.
Dad and I are ging t see a Beijing pera this afternn.
② will +动词原形
如：They will g swimming this afternn.
3、be ging t 和will 区别：
① be ging t表示经过事先安排、打算或决定要做的事情，基本上一定会发生；will则表示有可能去做，但不一定发生，也常表示说话人的临时决定。
如：I am ging t take part in a party this evening.
They are cleaning the library nw. I‟ll g and jin them.
②be ging t表示近期或眼下就要发生的事情；will表示的将来时间则较远一些。如：He is ging t write a letter tmrrw.
I will meet her ne day.
③ be ging t还可以用来表示有迹象表明某件事将要发生，常用于天气等自然现象。如：Lk! It‟s ging t rain.
4、一般将来时句型转换：
一般过去时
1、定义：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，
如：a mment ag，just nw，yesterday，last week，this mrning等。
如：My brther ften went t schl by bike last term.
The watch was beside the diary a mment ag.
I watched the mn and ate the mn cakes last Mid-Autumn Festival.
Jim went t the supermarket yesterday.
2、构成：主语＋动词的过去式＋其他
3、动词过去式的变化规则：
① 一般在动词原形末尾加ed
如：play-played，listen-listened，lk-lked
② 结尾是e的动词，加d
如：live-lived，like-liked，taste-tasted
③ 辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed
如：study-studied，carry-carried，cry-cried
④ 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed
如：stp-stpped，plan-planned
⑤ 不规则变化 如：
4、一般过去时的句型转换
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句及回答
They watch TV every day.
They dn’t watch TV every day.
—D they watch TV every day? —Yes, they d. / N, they dn’t.
She watches TV every day.
She desn’t watch TV every day.
— Des she watch TV every day? —Yes, she des. / N, she desn’t.
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句及回答
He is running nw.
He isn’t running nw.
—Is he running nw?
—Yes, he is. / N, he isn’t.
They are making a puppet.
They aren’t making a puppet.
— Are they making a puppet?
—Yes, they are. / N, they aren’t.
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句及回答
She is ging t have a picnic tmrrw.
She isn’t ging t have a picnic tmrrw.
—Is she ging t have a
picnic tmrrw? —Yes, she is. / N, she
isn’t.
They will g swimming this afternn.
They will nt(wn’t) g swimming this afternn.
—Will they g swimming
this afternn? —Yes, they will. / N, they
wn’t.
am/is-was
sit-sat
give-gave
eat-ate
are-were
tell-tld
read-read
fly-flew
have/has-had
see-saw
buy-bught
meet-met
d-did
get-gt
cme-came
put-put
g-went
make-made
draw-drew
run-ran
say-said
sing-sang
swim-swam
take-tk
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句及回答
He watched TV yesterday.
He didn’t watch TV yesterday.
—Did he watch TV yesterday?
—Yes, he did. / N, he didn’t.
They played games just nw.
They didn’t play games just nw.
— Did they play games just nw?
—Yes, they did. / N, they didn’t.