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英语选择性必修 第二册Reading课文ppt课件
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这是一份英语选择性必修 第二册Reading课文ppt课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了with ，for，whothat，that，makes，where，racial，races，diversity，jointly等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1 Every fur years，thusands f highly trained and talented athletes gather tgether in the spirit f friendship，slidarity and fair play... 每四年，成千上万训练有素、才华横溢的运动员，本着友谊、团结、公平竞争的精神，齐聚一堂…… slidarity n. 团结，齐心协力Supprters want t march tmrrw t shw slidarity with their leaders. 支持者想在明天游行以表明对他们领导的支持。The slidarity amng China’s varius natinalities is as firm as a rck. 中国各族人民之间的团结坚如磐石。
◆语块积累a gesture f slidarity 团结的表示an appeal fr wrker slidarity 呼吁工人们团结scial slidarity 社会团结express/shw slidarity with sb. 表示/ 表明支持某人◆单句语法填空Factry wrkers viced slidarity the striking students.
2 During the early Games，nly Greek men were allwed t participate. 在早期的奥运会中，只有希腊男子被允许参加比赛。participate vi. 参加，参与（→ participatin n. 参加， 参与 participant n. 参与者，参加者） （1） She didn’t participate actively in the discussin. 她没有积极参与讨论。If pssible，mre peple shuld participate in electins. 如果可能的话，应该有更多的人参与选举。The time came at last when we went t participate in ur graduatin. 我们去参加毕业典礼的时间终于到了。During the last three decades，the number f peple participating in physical fitness prgrams has increased sharply. 在过去的三十年里，参加健身项目的人数急剧增加。（2） A back injury prevented active participatin in any sprts fr a while. 背伤曾一度妨碍积极参加任何体育运动。He has been an active participant in the discussin. 他一直积极参与这次讨论。
◆语块积累（1）participate in... 参加……（= take part in...）withut the participatin f sb. 没有某人的参与be an unwilling participant in... 不情愿地参加…… （2）jin sb. in ding sth. 加入某人一起做某事jin the army/a club 参军/ 加入俱乐部take part in an activity 参加活动（表示积极主动地参加） attend a meeting/wedding 出席会议/ 参加婚礼
◆单句语法填空（1）Details f the cmpetitin are available at all （participate）stres. （2） They expected him （participate）in the ceremny. （3） We encurage students t participate fully the running f the cllege. （4） Our sciety needs the full （participate）f its yunger citizens if it is t cntinue t develp. （5）［2021·全国乙卷］The researchers examined varius levels f nise n ___________（participate）as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking.
participating
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3 They cmpeted in such events as bxing，running and the lng jump. 他们参加诸如拳击、赛跑和跳远等项目的比赛。cmpete vi. 参加比赛；竞争（→ cmpetitin n. 竞争；比赛，竞赛 cmpetitive adj. 竞争性的； 有竞争力的；一心求胜的 cmpetitr n. 竞争者，对手；参赛者；竞赛者） （1）He’s hping t cmpete in the Lndn marathn. 他期盼着参加伦敦马拉松比赛。Yung children will usually cmpete fr their mther’s attentin. 小孩子通常都会在母亲面前争宠。We can’t cmpete with them n price. 我们在价格上无法与他们竞争。（2） There is nw intense cmpetitin between schls t attract students. 现在学校之间为了招揽生源展开了激烈竞争。We are in cmpetitin with fur ther cmpanies fr the cntract. 我们在与其他四家公司竞争这项合同。Withut her，he wuld never have wn the cmpetitin. 没有她，他不可能赢得这场比赛。
（3） Graduates have t fight fr jbs in a highly cmpetitive market. 毕业生不得不在竞争激烈的市场上奋力争取工作。We need t wrk harder t remain cmpetitive with ther cmpanies. 我们需要更加努力工作以保持对其他公司具有竞争力。Yu have t be highly cmpetitive t d well in sprt（s） these days. 如今你必须有强烈的竞争意识才能在体育运动中取得好成绩。He has always been ambitius and fiercely cmpetitive. 他一直都野心勃勃，极度好胜。（4）Over 200 cmpetitrs entered the race. 200 多名选手参加了赛跑。
◆语块积累（1）cmpete in... 参加…… cmpete fr... 为……竞争，争夺…… cmpete against/with sb. 与某人竞争（2）in cmpetitin with sb. 与某人竞争a music/pht cmpetitin 音乐/ 摄影比赛hld/enter/win/lse a cmpetitin 举行/ 参加/ 赢得/ 输掉比赛（3）cmpetitive games/sprts 竞技性的比赛/ 体育运动at cmpetitive prices 价格上有竞争力ur main/majr cmpetitr 我们的主要竞争对手
◆单句语法填空（1）As yu knw，wmen were first allwed t cmpete the Olympic shting in 1972. （2） Animals in the wild have t cmpete fd. （3） I have t cmpete ther peple fr the jb. （4） Last week we held an English stry-telling （cmpete）and Tm wn first prize. （5） Only by keeping dwn csts will America maintain its （cmpete）advantage ver ther cuntries. （6） In the lng jump， （cmpete）try t jump as far frward as pssible.
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4 It was a Frenchman，Pierre de Cubertin，wh brught the Olympics back t life. 是一位叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。◆ 句式分析：本句是强调句型，强调句子主语a Frenchman， Pierre de Cubertin，去掉It was 和wh 之后句子仍然 完整。 强调句型（1） 强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/wh + 句子的其余部分。强调人的时候连词可以用wh 或that，其他情况只能用that。It was when I gt back t my apartment that I first came acrss my new neighbrs. 是在我回到我的公寓时，我第一次遇到我的新邻居。It is my teacher that/wh will have a face-t-face talk with me. 是我的老师要和我面谈。
（2）该句型可以用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语。My grandpa walked the dg in the street yesterday. 昨天我的爷爷在街上遛狗了。→ It was my grandpa that/wh walked the dg in the street yesterday.（强调主语）昨天在街上遛狗的是我爷爷。→ It was yesterday that my grandpa walked the dg in the street.（强调时间状语）我爷爷是昨天在街上遛狗了。→ It was in the street that my grandpa walked the dg yesterday.（强调地点状语）我爷爷昨天是在街上遛狗了。
（3） 该句型不能强调谓语动词，强调谓语动词要用助动词d/des/did，表示“的确，确实”；强调祈使句的谓语动词时意为“务必，一定”。I d hpe yu’ll stay fr lunch. 我真的希望你留下来吃午饭。He des lk tired. 他确实显得很疲倦。She did write t say thank yu. 她的确写信向你道谢了。D be careful with that vase! 务必小心那个花瓶！ （4） It 强调句子的主语时，that 或wh 之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。It is Mary and Tm wh ften d gd deeds. 是玛丽和汤姆经常做好事。It is I that have been admitted by a key university. 是我被重点大学录取了。
◆说明判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：去掉it is 与that/wh 后，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。（1） It’s there that the accidents ften happen. 是在那里经常发生事故。（强调句） It is a fact that English is being accepted as an internatinal language. 英语正被接受为一门国际语言，这是一个事实。（主语从句） （2）It is nvels that Miss Wang enjys reading. 王小姐喜欢读的是小说。（强调句） It is a questin that needs careful cnsideratin. 这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。（定语从句） （3）It was at six ’clck that I gt up tday. 我今天是六点钟起床的。（强调句） It was six ’clck when I gt up tday. 我今天起床的时候是六点钟。（状语从句） ☆有时在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。It was n July 7th 1975 when he was brn that his father died. 就在他出生的1975 年7 月7 日，他的父亲去世了。
◆单句语法填空 （1）It must be Peter has let this secret ut. （2） was because I was stuck in the traffic jam that I came late. （3） It might be last night they did their hmewrk. （4） It’s nt ding the things we like，but liking the things we have t d that （make）life happy. （5） It was nt until he finished his wrk he went hme. （6） It was in the cmpany I wrked tw years ag I met Mr Smith.
5 His dream was that the Olympics wuld help peple f different racial rigins and frm different cultures live side by side in peace. 他的梦想是奥运会将帮助不同种族、不同文化的人们和平共处。racial adj. 种族的；种族间的（→ race n. 种族；人种； 民族；种，类） （1） They have prmised t end racial discriminatin in areas such as emplyment. 他们已经许诺在诸如就业等方面停止种族歧视。I dn’t knw hw racial prejudice came abut. 我不知道种族偏见是怎么发生的。We are strngly ppsed t racial prejudice. 我们强烈反对种族偏见。（2） This custm is fund in peple f all races thrughut the wrld.这一习俗在全世界各种族中都有。He admired Canadians as a brave and determined race. 他敬佩加拿大人，因为他们是勇敢、坚定的民族。
◆语块积累（1） racial equality 种族平等racial minrities 少数民族a persn’s racial rigin 某人的种族背景（2）peple f mixed race 混合种族的人a race f cattle 一种牛human race 人类◆单句语法填空（1）There was a deep-rted （race）prejudice lng befre the tw cuntries went t war. （2） The cllege welcmes students f all （race），faiths，and natinalities.
6 Fr ver a century，peple frm diverse backgrunds have made jint effrts t help realize Cubertin’s dream. 一个多世纪以来，来自 不同背景的人们共同努力，帮助实现顾拜旦的梦想。diverse adj. 多种多样的，不同的（→ diversity n. 差异性，不同点；多样性，多样化） （1）New Yrk is a very culturally diverse city. 纽约是一个文化非常多元化的城市。There are a diverse range f pinins n the issue. 在这个问题上有各种不同的意见。（2） Even within the same cuntry，language diversity varies widely. 即使在同一个国家里，语言的差异也很大。There is a need fr greater diversity and chice in educatin. 教育方面需要更加多元化和更大的选择性。
◆语块积累peple frm diverse cultures 不同文化背景的人a great/wide/rich diversity f pinin 意见纷纭the bilgical diversity f the rainfrests 热带雨林的生物多样性◆单句语法填空（1）Albert Jnes’ new style will inevitably put him in tuch with a much （diverse）and perhaps yunger audience. （2） Every cuntry shuld encurage and try their best t prtect species （diverse）.
mre diverse
jint adj. 联合的，共同的n. 关节；接合处（→ jintly adv. 联合地，共同地） （1） Only by their jint effrts can parents and children bridge the generatin gap between them. 只有通过他们的共同努力，父母和孩子才能弥合他们之间的代沟。They were jint wners f the huse（= They wned the huse tgether）. 他们共同拥有这栋房子。（2）Her jints ache if she exercises. 她的关节一运动就疼。（3） The event was rganized jintly by students and staff. 这项赛事是由师生共同组织的。
◆语块积累a jint accunt 联合账户a jint prject 合作项目jint first/secnd 并列第一/ 第二ankle/knee jints 踝关节/ 膝关节the jint between the inner and uter panels 内外嵌板的连接处◆单句语法填空（3） The Prt Authrity is an agency （jint）run by New Yrk and New Jersey.
7 Mtivated by the Olympic mtt “Faster， Higher，Strnger”，many well-knwn athletes，bth male and female，have devted themselves t achieving sprting excellence... 在奥运口号“更快、更高、更强”的激励下，许多著名的男女运动员致力于在体育运动方面追求卓越…… ◆ 句式分析：本句是简单句。Mtivated by... 是过去分词短语作状语，与逻辑主语athletes 之间是被动关系。过去分词短语作状语（1） 过去分词短语作状语时，逻辑主语就是句子的主语。过去分词与逻辑主语之间构成被动关系，有时仅仅表示被动，有时还表示被动的动作已经完成。Seen in the dark night，lights n tp f tall buildings lk like stars in the sky. 在漆黑的夜晚，高楼顶上的灯光看起来就像天上的星星。（仅表被动） Sclded by the teacher，the girl began t cry. 被老师责怪，这个女孩开始哭起来。（表被动完成） （2） 形容词化的过去分词作状语，表示逻辑主语的状态。如：disappinted，dressed，determined，devted， tired，exhausted，prepared，seated，caught，lst 等。Lst in thught，she nearly ran int a tree. 陷入沉思，她差点儿撞到树上。
（3） 过去分词作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等，相当于状语从句；表伴随的时候相当于并列句。Asked（=When he was asked） what had happened，he lwered his head. 当被问发生了什么的时候，他低下了头。（表时间） Frightened （= Because / As she was frightened） by the tiger，the girl didn’t dare t sleep alne. 因为害怕老虎，这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。（表原因） Grwn（=If these seeds are grwn） in rich sil，these seeds can grw fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。（表条件） The cup fell dwn t the grund，（s that it was） brken. 茶杯掉到了地上，破碎了。（表结果） Left （=Althugh he was left） at hme，Jhn didn’t feel afraid at all. 虽然约翰被留在家里，但他一点儿都不害怕。（表让步） The teacher entered the classrm，（and he was） fllwed by a grup f students. 老师进入教室，后面跟着一帮学生。（表伴随）
（4） 连词+过去分词：过去分词前带有nce，when， while，if，as if，even if，thugh，unless等连词（词组）时，在连词（词组）与过去分词之间省略与主句相同的主语和系动词be。Once（it is）published，this bk will be ppular with the students. 这本书一旦出版，它将会受到学生们的欢迎。When （it is） cmpared with the size f the whle earth，the biggest cean des nt seem big at all. 与整个地球的大小相比，最大的海洋似乎一点儿也不大。N matter hw（they are） frequently perfrmed， the wrks f Beethven still attract peple all ver the wrld. 无论贝多芬的作品被多么频繁地演奏，它们仍然吸引着全世界的人们。（5） 独立主格结构：名词/ 代词主格 + 过去分词。如果句中过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，这时必须在过去分词前加上逻辑主语，即名词或代词主格，形成独立主格结构。The twn seen frm the hill，we can see it mre clearly. 如果从山上看这个城镇，我们能看得更清楚。Everything taken int cnsideratin，the party was a success. 将所有的事情考虑在内了，晚会很是成功。He sat silently，eyes clsed. 他静静地坐着，闭着眼睛。
◆说明（1）系动词和一些短语没有被动形式，作状语时用现在分词形式。如：lk，taste，feel，sund，smell，read well，sell well，write smthly，wash easily，handle easily 等。Lking tired and weak，the wman shuld have a day ff t see a dctr. 看上去又累又虚弱，这个女人应请天假去看医生。Handling easily，the kind f car is ppular by many peple. 这种车容易驾驶，受很多人喜欢。（2）given 有时看作介词，意思是“考虑到，鉴于”。Given his age（= Cnsidering hw ld he is），he’s remarkably active. 考虑到他的年龄，他已是相当活跃的了。Given her interest in children，teaching seems the right jb fr her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是很适合她的工作。
◆单句语法填空（1） （satisfy）with what he did，the teacher praised him in class. （2） The PE teacher std in the middle f the playgrund， （surrund）by a grup f students. （3） （attract）by the beauty f nature，the girl frm Lndn decided t spend anther tw days n the farm. （4） Thugh （warn）f the danger，he still went skating n the thin ice. （5） （bury）deep dwn in the earth，the dead frests rtted away and became cal. （6） Everything （cnsider），it wasn’t a bad hliday. （7） （face）with a difficult situatin，Arnld decided t ask his bss fr advice. （8） When （cmplete），the museum will be pen t the public next year.
mtivate vt. 激励，激发；成为……的动机，是……的原因（→ mtivated adj. 积极的，主动的；有动机的，有目的的 mtivatin n. 积极性，动力；动机， 诱因） （1） She’s very gd at mtivating her students t wrk hard. 她非常擅长激励她的学生努力学习。While sme peple are mtivated by a need fr success，thers are mtivated by a fear f failure.有些人的动机是出于对成功的需求，而另一些人则是出于对失败的恐惧。（2） Our staff members are hard-wrking and highly mtivated. 我们的职员工作努力，十分积极。（3） These methds can help imprve students’ mtivatin and interest. 这些方法能帮助提高学生的积极性和兴趣。Escape can be a strng mtivatin fr travel. 逃避（现实）可以成为旅游的一种强烈动机。
◆语块积累mtivate sb. t d sth. 激励某人做某事be mtivated by 以……为动机a very/highly mtivated student 学习积极性很高的学生a racially mtivated attack 种族问题引发的攻击◆单句语法填空（9） Researchers have identified several factrs that mtivate peple （get）invlved in vluntary wrk. （10） The key t a successful mdern ecnmy is a well-educated and （mtivate）wrkfrce. （11） Her （mtivate）fr writing was a desire fr wmen t get the right t higher educatin.
8 he wn the light heavyweight gld medal fr the USA，demnstrating great talent and persnality in the prcess.……当时他为美国赢得了轻重量级拳击金牌，在比赛过程中展现了过人的天赋与优秀的品性。demnstrate vt. 表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示 vi. 游行示威（→ demnstratin n. 表现，表达；证实，证明；示范，演示；游行示威） （1）Yu need t demnstrate mre self-cntrl. 你需要表现出更强的自制力。We want t demnstrate ur cmmitment t human rights. 我们想表明我们对人权的信念。These results demnstrate cnvincingly that ur campaign is wrking. 这些结果有力地证明，我们的运动正在发挥作用。They are anxius t demnstrate t the vters that they have practical plicies. 他们急于向选民证明他们有切实可行的政策。Her jb invlves demnstrating new educatinal sftware. 她的工作包括演示新的教学软件。They are demnstrating in favur f free higher educatin. 他们举行示威游行，要求实行免费高等教育。
（2）We were given a brief demnstratin f the cmputer’s functins. 有人向我们简短演示了这种计算机的各种功能。He was arrested fr rganizing the demnstratin. 他因组织示威游行被捕了。◆语块积累（1）be demnstrated t be false 被证明是错误的demnstrate t sb. 向某人证明/ 演示demnstrate against/fr... 示威反对/ 要求…… （2）hld a demnstratin 举行示威游行a practical demnstratin 实际操作表演
◆单句语法填空（1）It has been （demnstrate）that this drug is effective. （2） He built this wnderful device which he and I are ging t demnstrate yu. （3） In the cities vast crwds have been （demnstrate）fr change. （4） After great effrts，he was able t give the public a （demnstrate）f the cnnectin between the tw sets f figures.
demnstrated
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9 Afterwards，this yung man prceeded t becme the wrld heavyweight champin in 1964... 后来，这个年轻人在1964 年成了世界重量级拳王…… afterwards （=afterward）adv. 以后，后来Let’s g ut nw and eat afterwards. 咱们现在出去，然后再吃饭吧。Afterwards she was srry fr what she’d said. 后来她后悔说了那些话。◆语块积累shrtly afterwards 不久之后
prceed vi. 接着做，继而做；继续从事（或进行）； 行进，前往He utlined his plans and then prceeded t explain them in mre detail. 他简单介绍了他的计划，接着又进行了更详细的解释。Befre prceeding further，we must define ur terms. 我们必须先定义术语，然后再往下展开。We’re nt sure whether we still want t prceed with the sale. 我们不确定是否还要继续特价促销。The marchers prceeded slwly alng the street. 游行者沿着街道缓缓行进。Passengers fr Rme shuld prceed t Gate 32 fr barding. 前往罗马的旅客，请到32 号登机口登机。◆语块积累prceed t d sth. 接着做某事，继而做某事prceed with sth. 继续某事prceed with cautin 行事谨慎
◆单句语法填空（1）Having said she wasn’t hungry，she then prceeded （rder）a three-curse meal. （2） The gvernment was determined t prceed the electin. （3） The ideas were nt new. Their develpment had prceeded （steady）since the war.
10 By the time he died in 2016，Ali had been recgnized as ne f the greatest bxers f all time. 到2016 年去世时，阿里已被公认为有史以来最伟大的拳击手之一。by the time 引导时间状语从句（1）by the time 表示“到……时候为止”，引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时时，主句常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成”，即“过去的过去”。By the time she left cllege，she had been an excellent student. 到她大学毕业的时候，她已经是一个优秀的学生了。（2）by the time 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来时，主句常用将来完成时，表示“截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成”。By the time I graduate next year，I will have lived here fr 5 years. 到明年毕业时，我就在这里待了五年了。（3）如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，主句有be 的系表形式或者是像knw， find，believe 等表示认知的持续性动词时，则往往用一般时态，不用完成时态，应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time 相当于when。He was ut f breath by the time he reached the tp. 登上顶端时，他气喘吁吁。By the time yu get there，the meeting will be ver. 等你到那里的时候，会议就该结束了。
◆单句语法填空（1）By the time he was 12，he （travel）30 cuntries t get his diseases cured. （2） By the time this letter reaches yu，I （leave） the cuntry. （3） By the time Alexandra was seven years ld，she （begin）painting with il paints. （4） When I talked with my grandma n the phne，she sunded weak，but by the time we __________（hang） up，her vice had been full f life.
had travelled
will have left
11 Anther sprtspersn that shuld be applauded is Jessica Ennis-Hill. 另一位值得称赞的运动员是杰西卡·恩尼斯- 希尔。applaud vt. & vi. 称赞，赞许；鼓掌（→ applause n. 鼓掌，喝彩） （1）His effrts t imprve the situatin are t be applauded. 他为改善状况所作的努力应该受到赞许。I applaud her fr having the curage t refuse. 我赞赏她敢于拒绝。He started t applaud and the thers jined in. 他开始鼓掌，其他人也跟着鼓起掌来。She was applauded as she came n stage. 她上台时人们向她鼓掌。（2）Give her a big rund f applause! 为她热烈鼓掌！ The audience brke int thunderus applause. 听众中爆发出一片雷鸣般的掌声。◆语块积累（1）applaud ne’s decisin 称赞某人的决定applaud sb. fr（ding）sth. 因（做）某事赞赏某人applaud the speaker 向演讲者鼓掌（2）have a rund f applause 获得一阵掌声respnd with applause 报以掌声deafening/thunderus applause 震耳欲聋的/ 雷鸣般的掌声
◆单句语法填空（1）The by saved the ld man wh fell n the rad. He shuld be applauded his curage. （2） Attracted by the beauty f the pian music，the audience almst frgt ____________（applaud）when the pianist finally finished it. （3） Her speech was s wnderful that she （applaud）fr a full five minutes after it. （4） S let’s have a rund applause，please，fr a very talented yung lady wh is ging t sing fr us. （5） It was several minutes befre the （applaud） died dwn.
was applauded
12 In an interview she revealed that the secret f her cnsistent gd perfrmance was the training that she never missed. 在一次采访中，她透露她一直表现优秀的秘诀是她从未错过 训练。cnsistent adj. 一致的，始终如一的；连续的（→ cnsistently adv. 始终如一地，一贯地） （1）We must be cnsistent in applying the rules. 我们在实施这些规则时必须保持一致。The results are entirely cnsistent with ur earlier research. 这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。Her wrk is smetimes gd，but the prblem is she’s nt cnsistent. 她工作有时不错，可问题是她不能始终如一。The party’s cnsistent failure t cme up with any new plicies has made peple disappinted. 这个政党长时期提不出任何新政策让人们很失望。（2）Her wrk has been f a cnsistently high standard. 她的工作一直是高水准的。
◆语块积累be cnsistent in 在……方面一致 be cnsistent with 与……一致，与……相吻合a cnsistent apprach t the prblem 解决问题的一贯方法cnsistent grwth in the ecnmy 经济的持续增长◆单句语法填空（1）She’s nt very cnsistent the way she treats her children. （2） What the witness said in curt was nt cnsistent the statement he made t the plice. （3） One shuld be hnest，which is smething I’ve （cnsistent）supprted.
cnsistently
13 The 2008 Beijing Olympics called n the whle wrld t jin in the Olympic spirit and build a better future fr humanity with the slgan “One Wrld，One Dream”. 2008 年北京奥运会以“同一个世界，同一个梦想”为口号，号召全世界共同弘扬奥林匹克精神，共建人类更加美好的未来。 call n sb. t d sth. 正式邀请某人做某事； 请求某人做某事I nw call n/upn the chairman t address the meeting. 我现在请主席向大会致辞。The Ministry f Educatin calls n students t exercise fr an hur every day. 教育部要求学生每天锻炼一个小时。
◆语块积累be/feel called（n/upn）t d sth. 感到有责任做某事call at（火车等）短暂停留call back 回电话call fr 需要，要求call in 召来call it a day 结束；到此为止call ff 取消，停止进行call n/upn sb. 拜访某人call up 打电话，使想起I feel called upn（=feel that I ught） t warn yu that it’s dangerus t swim here. 我觉得我应该警告你，在这里游泳很危险。
◆单句语法填空（1）Last but nt least，we shuld call n citizens （take）the bus instead f driving a car as much as pssible. （2） Air pllutin has risen abve an acceptable level，which calls ur special cncern. （3） Since the weather is bad，let’s call the trip.
humanity n. （统称）人，人类；人性；人道，仁慈（→ human n. 人 adj. 人的，人类的；人性的，有人情味的） （1） They face charges f cmmitting crimes against humanity. 他们面临犯有反人类罪的指控。The judge was praised fr his curage and humanity. 法官的勇气和人道受到称赞。（2）Dgs can hear much better than humans. 狗的听觉比人灵敏得多。There was n sight f human habitatin n the island althugh there were mnkeys，wild gats and snakes. 那个岛上虽然有猴子、野羊和蛇，但没有人居住的痕迹。He’s really very human when yu get t knw him. 当你了解他的时候，你就会知道他确实很有人情味。
◆语块积累a great cntributin t humanity 对人类的一大贡献the human brain/bdy/eyes 人脑/ 人体/ 肉眼human behavir/activity/experience 人的行为/ 活动/ 经历human nature/right 人性/ 人权human being ［C］人human weaknesses 人性的弱点 ◆单句语法填空（4） The listeners felt a deep （human）and warmth in his music.
14 In additin t hsting the Olympics fr the first time，China als ranked first in the medal table. 除了首次主办奥运会，中国也在奖牌榜上排名第一。rank vi. & vt. 属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行n. 地位，级别；排，列；等级；军衔，军阶（1）She is currently the highest ranked player in the wrld. 她是目前居世界榜首的运动员。The tasks have been ranked in rder f difficulty. 按照困难程度对任务进行了分类。Last year，he was ranked secnd in his age grup. 他去年在他的年龄段排名第二。The restaurant ranks amng the finest in twn. 这家饭店属于镇上最好的。（2） She was nt used t mixing with peple f high scial rank. 她不习惯和社会地位很高的人搅和在一起。He rse thrugh the ranks t becme managing directr. 他级级攀升，当上了常务董事。Ranks f plice armed with guns std nervusly by. 一排排持枪的警察紧张地站在旁边。The cuntry is n lnger in the frnt rank f wrld pwers. 该国再也不是位于前列的世界强国。He was sn prmted t the rank f captain. 他很快被提升至上尉军阶。
◆语块积累tp-ranked players 一流的选手be ranked secnd/rank secnd 排名第二，位居第二rank high in the class 在班里名列前茅a painter f the first rank 一流的画家fficers f junir/senir rank 低级/ 高级军阶的军官◆单句语法填空（1）The university （rank）number ne in the cuntry fr engineering. （2） She is the nly Canadian wman （rank）in the tp 50 f the wmen’s wrld rankings.
ranks/is ranked
t be ranked
15 Since then the upward trend fr Chinese sprt has been unstppable. 从那以后，中国体育的上升趋势就一直势不可挡。trend n. 趋势，趋向；潮流，时尚There is a grwing trend twards earlier retirement. 提前退休有增加的趋势。There’s been an upward trend in sales in the last few years. 过去几年中销售额一直呈上升趋势。Her lng sweater is right n trend this winter. 她的长外套今年冬季正流行。◆语块积累ecnmic/scial/plitical trends 经济/ 社会/ 政治趋势current trends in language teaching 当前语言教学的趋势a dwnward/an upward trend in sales 销售额下滑/ 上升的趋势fllw the latest wrld trend 追随最新的世界潮流
16 The year 2022 will be anther histric mment fr China，as Beijing wn the electin t hst the Winter Olympics. 2022 年将是中国的又一个历史性时刻，因为北京赢得了冬奥会的主办权。electin n. 选举，推选；当选（→ elect v. 选举，推选； 选择，决定） （1） We welcme his electin as president. 我们欢迎他当选总统。Within three mnths f his electin he was frced t resign. 他当选后不到三个月就被迫辞职。（2） She became the first black wman t be elected t the Senate. 她成为第一个被选进参议院的黑人妇女。Increasing numbers f peple elect t wrk frm hme nwadays. 现在越来越多的人选择在家工作。This is an electin year when the peple will elect a new president. 今年是选举年，届时人们选出新总统。
◆语块积累（1）electin campaigns/results 竞选运动/ 选举结果win/lse an electin 在选举中获胜/ 失败vte in an electin 参加投票选举a general electin 大选（2）an elected leader/representative 选出的领导人/ 代表the newly elected gvernment 新选的政府elect sb.（as）... 选某人当…… elect sb. t... 选某人入…… elect t d sth. 选择/ 决定做某事
◆单句语法填空（1）There was a fall in supprt fr the Republican Party at the last （elect）. （2） Tm’s father wanted him t be a lawyer，but he has elected （becme）a dctr. （3） The middle-aged man is a newly （elect） team leader，able，pen and sincere. （4） She has been glriusly elected the Olympic trchbearer f Ningxia fr her influence in the industry. （5） I’ll never frget the day when I was elected the student cuncil.
17 ... “With the Olympic Games，each generatin celebrates its advent，its jy f living，its faith in the future，its ambitin and its will t ascend.”……“随着奥运会的召开，每一代人都在庆祝它的到来，庆祝它对生活的喜悦，庆祝它对未来的信念，庆祝它的雄心壮志和它的提升意志。” faith n. 信心，信任；宗教信仰（→ faithful adj. 忠诚的， 忠实的 faithfully adv. 忠诚地，忠实地；准确地， 如实地，仔细地） （1）Faith can mve muntains. 精诚所至，金石为开。I have great faith in yu—I knw yu’ll d well. 我对你有信心——我知道你会做好的。We’ve lst faith in the gvernment’s prmises. 我们不再相信政府的承诺。The authr’s lss f his wn religius faith is reflected in his nvels. 这个作者宗教信仰的丧失在他的小说当中得到了反映。
（2）He remained faithful t the ideals f the party. 他对党的理想坚贞不移。I have been a faithful reader f yur newspaper fr many years. 我是贵报多年来的忠实读者。（3）He had supprted the lcal team faithfully fr 30 years. 他忠实地支持了当地球队30 年。The events were faithfully recrded in her diary. 这些事件在她的日记中如实地记录了下来。◆语块积累（1）have faith in sb. 信任/ 相信某人，对某人有信心lse faith in sb. 对某人失去信任，不相信某人peple f different faiths 不同宗教信仰的人（2）a faithful servant/friend/dg 忠实的仆人/ 朋友/ 狗fllw instructins faithfully 严格遵循指示
◆单句语法填空（1）Her friend’s kindness has restred her faith human nature. （2） She was rewarded fr her 40 years’ （faith） service with the cmpany. （3） He has since 1965 （faithful）fllwed and supprted every twist and turn f gvernment plicy.
faithfully
ambitin n. 追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志（→ ambitius adj. 有抱负的，野心勃勃的） （1） She never achieved her ambitin f becming a famus writer. 她一直未能实现当一名著名作家的夙愿。His burning ambitin was t study medicine. 他梦寐以求的是学医。She was intelligent but suffered frm a lack f ambitin. 她很聪明，但却缺乏远大志向。（2） They were very ambitius fr their children（= They wanted their children t be successful）.他们望子成龙心切。Millins f waterfwl were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. 数以百万计的水禽被市场猎人和少数野心过大的猎手杀死。［2021• 新高考全国Ⅰ卷］
◆语块积累the ambitin t d sth./ambitin f ding sth. 做某事的夙愿/ 抱负achieve/realize ne’s ambitin 实现某人的夙愿/ 抱负plitical/literary ambitins 政治抱负/ 文学夙愿be mtivated by persnal ambitin 为个人野心所驱使an ambitius manager 雄心勃勃的经理◆单句语法填空（4） A gd sldier shuld have the ambitin becming a general. （5） When I’m kind f at a lss，t have ambitin will save me frm being frustrated. （6） The gvernment has annunced an （ambitin）plan t mdernize the railway netwrk.
18 The majrity f these sprts are identical t thse at the Olympics but ther sprts， such as wushu，have been added t. 这些运动项目中的大多数与奥运会项目完全相同，但也增加了其他运动项目，如武术。identical adj. 完全同样的；同一的（→ identically adv. 完全一样地） （1）Her dress is identical t mine. 她的连衣裙和我的一模一样。The number n the card shuld be identical with the ne n the chequebk. 卡上的号码应该和支票簿上的相同。This is the identical rm we stayed in last year. 这就是我们去年住的那个房间。（2） The children were dressed identically，s that he failed t recgnize his child. 孩子们的穿着完全一样，结果他未能认出自己的孩子。
◆语块积累a rw f identical huses 完全一样的一排房子be identical t/with 与……完全相同◆单句语法填空（1）The tests are identical thse carried ut last year. （2） We laughed when we realized that we had respnded （identical）t ne particular questin.
identically
19 The Yuth Olympic Games give talented teenagers a chance t cnnect with fellw athletes frm diverse backgrunds. 青奥会给有才华的青少年提供了一个与来自不同背景的同行运动员交流的机会。fellw adj. 同伴的，同情况的，同类的n. 同辈，同类， 同事；男人，家伙（1） She discvered t her pleasure，a talent fr making her fellw guests laugh. 她高兴地发现一个把她同来的客人逗笑的本事。My fellw campers were already packing up their tents. 我的露营同伴已经在收起他们的帐篷了。（2）She has a very gd reputatin amng her fellws. 她在同事中的口碑甚佳。Many caged birds live lnger than their fellws in the wild. 许多笼中鸟比野外同类鸟的寿命长。By all accunts，Rdger wuld appear t be a fine fellw. 根据大家的说法，罗杰应该是个好小伙儿。
◆语块积累fellw students/travellers/wrkers 同学/ 旅伴/ 同事my fellw passengers n the train 和我同火车的旅伴schl fellws 校友◆单句语法填空Very sad and frustrated were the tw pr little （fellw）as they std and lked at each ther.
20 there are cmpetitins featuring mixed teams，such as mixed swimming relays.…… 所以有混合队的比赛，比如混合游泳接力赛。relay n. 接力赛vt. 转发（信息、消息等）；播放，转播（1） Britain’s prspects f beating the United States in the relay lked pr. 英国队在接力赛中战胜美国队的希望看上去不大。After the earthquake，vlunteers wrked in relays t rescue peple buried under the building. 地震发生后， 志愿者们轮班上阵解救被大楼埋困的人。（2）He relayed the message t his bss. 他将这个消息转给了他的老板。TV pictures f the war were relayed arund the wrld by satellite. 有关战争的电视画面通过卫星在全世界进行了转播。
◆语块积累a 550-metre relay race 550 米接力赛the Olympic trch relay 奥运会火炬传递in relays 轮流，轮班 把……转发给…… ◆单句语法填空（1）After the mine accident，rescuers wrked relays t save the trapped miners. （2） Later n，my brther tld me that instructins （relay）t him by phne. （3） I was tld the news first and then I relayed it the thers.
were relayed
1 Every fur years，thusands f highly trained and talented athletes gather tgether in the spirit f friendship，slidarity and fair play... 每四年，成千上万训练有素、才华横溢的运动员，本着友谊、团结、公平竞争的精神，齐聚一堂…… slidarity n. 团结，齐心协力Supprters want t march tmrrw t shw slidarity with their leaders. 支持者想在明天游行以表明对他们领导的支持。The slidarity amng China’s varius natinalities is as firm as a rck. 中国各族人民之间的团结坚如磐石。
◆语块积累a gesture f slidarity 团结的表示an appeal fr wrker slidarity 呼吁工人们团结scial slidarity 社会团结express/shw slidarity with sb. 表示/ 表明支持某人◆单句语法填空Factry wrkers viced slidarity the striking students.
2 During the early Games，nly Greek men were allwed t participate. 在早期的奥运会中，只有希腊男子被允许参加比赛。participate vi. 参加，参与（→ participatin n. 参加， 参与 participant n. 参与者，参加者） （1） She didn’t participate actively in the discussin. 她没有积极参与讨论。If pssible，mre peple shuld participate in electins. 如果可能的话，应该有更多的人参与选举。The time came at last when we went t participate in ur graduatin. 我们去参加毕业典礼的时间终于到了。During the last three decades，the number f peple participating in physical fitness prgrams has increased sharply. 在过去的三十年里，参加健身项目的人数急剧增加。（2） A back injury prevented active participatin in any sprts fr a while. 背伤曾一度妨碍积极参加任何体育运动。He has been an active participant in the discussin. 他一直积极参与这次讨论。
◆语块积累（1）participate in... 参加……（= take part in...）withut the participatin f sb. 没有某人的参与be an unwilling participant in... 不情愿地参加…… （2）jin sb. in ding sth. 加入某人一起做某事jin the army/a club 参军/ 加入俱乐部take part in an activity 参加活动（表示积极主动地参加） attend a meeting/wedding 出席会议/ 参加婚礼
◆单句语法填空（1）Details f the cmpetitin are available at all （participate）stres. （2） They expected him （participate）in the ceremny. （3） We encurage students t participate fully the running f the cllege. （4） Our sciety needs the full （participate）f its yunger citizens if it is t cntinue t develp. （5）［2021·全国乙卷］The researchers examined varius levels f nise n ___________（participate）as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking.
participating
t participate
participatin
participants
3 They cmpeted in such events as bxing，running and the lng jump. 他们参加诸如拳击、赛跑和跳远等项目的比赛。cmpete vi. 参加比赛；竞争（→ cmpetitin n. 竞争；比赛，竞赛 cmpetitive adj. 竞争性的； 有竞争力的；一心求胜的 cmpetitr n. 竞争者，对手；参赛者；竞赛者） （1）He’s hping t cmpete in the Lndn marathn. 他期盼着参加伦敦马拉松比赛。Yung children will usually cmpete fr their mther’s attentin. 小孩子通常都会在母亲面前争宠。We can’t cmpete with them n price. 我们在价格上无法与他们竞争。（2） There is nw intense cmpetitin between schls t attract students. 现在学校之间为了招揽生源展开了激烈竞争。We are in cmpetitin with fur ther cmpanies fr the cntract. 我们在与其他四家公司竞争这项合同。Withut her，he wuld never have wn the cmpetitin. 没有她，他不可能赢得这场比赛。
（3） Graduates have t fight fr jbs in a highly cmpetitive market. 毕业生不得不在竞争激烈的市场上奋力争取工作。We need t wrk harder t remain cmpetitive with ther cmpanies. 我们需要更加努力工作以保持对其他公司具有竞争力。Yu have t be highly cmpetitive t d well in sprt（s） these days. 如今你必须有强烈的竞争意识才能在体育运动中取得好成绩。He has always been ambitius and fiercely cmpetitive. 他一直都野心勃勃，极度好胜。（4）Over 200 cmpetitrs entered the race. 200 多名选手参加了赛跑。
◆语块积累（1）cmpete in... 参加…… cmpete fr... 为……竞争，争夺…… cmpete against/with sb. 与某人竞争（2）in cmpetitin with sb. 与某人竞争a music/pht cmpetitin 音乐/ 摄影比赛hld/enter/win/lse a cmpetitin 举行/ 参加/ 赢得/ 输掉比赛（3）cmpetitive games/sprts 竞技性的比赛/ 体育运动at cmpetitive prices 价格上有竞争力ur main/majr cmpetitr 我们的主要竞争对手
◆单句语法填空（1）As yu knw，wmen were first allwed t cmpete the Olympic shting in 1972. （2） Animals in the wild have t cmpete fd. （3） I have t cmpete ther peple fr the jb. （4） Last week we held an English stry-telling （cmpete）and Tm wn first prize. （5） Only by keeping dwn csts will America maintain its （cmpete）advantage ver ther cuntries. （6） In the lng jump， （cmpete）try t jump as far frward as pssible.
against/with
4 It was a Frenchman，Pierre de Cubertin，wh brught the Olympics back t life. 是一位叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。◆ 句式分析：本句是强调句型，强调句子主语a Frenchman， Pierre de Cubertin，去掉It was 和wh 之后句子仍然 完整。 强调句型（1） 强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/wh + 句子的其余部分。强调人的时候连词可以用wh 或that，其他情况只能用that。It was when I gt back t my apartment that I first came acrss my new neighbrs. 是在我回到我的公寓时，我第一次遇到我的新邻居。It is my teacher that/wh will have a face-t-face talk with me. 是我的老师要和我面谈。
（2）该句型可以用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语。My grandpa walked the dg in the street yesterday. 昨天我的爷爷在街上遛狗了。→ It was my grandpa that/wh walked the dg in the street yesterday.（强调主语）昨天在街上遛狗的是我爷爷。→ It was yesterday that my grandpa walked the dg in the street.（强调时间状语）我爷爷是昨天在街上遛狗了。→ It was in the street that my grandpa walked the dg yesterday.（强调地点状语）我爷爷昨天是在街上遛狗了。
（3） 该句型不能强调谓语动词，强调谓语动词要用助动词d/des/did，表示“的确，确实”；强调祈使句的谓语动词时意为“务必，一定”。I d hpe yu’ll stay fr lunch. 我真的希望你留下来吃午饭。He des lk tired. 他确实显得很疲倦。She did write t say thank yu. 她的确写信向你道谢了。D be careful with that vase! 务必小心那个花瓶！ （4） It 强调句子的主语时，that 或wh 之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。It is Mary and Tm wh ften d gd deeds. 是玛丽和汤姆经常做好事。It is I that have been admitted by a key university. 是我被重点大学录取了。
◆说明判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：去掉it is 与that/wh 后，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。（1） It’s there that the accidents ften happen. 是在那里经常发生事故。（强调句） It is a fact that English is being accepted as an internatinal language. 英语正被接受为一门国际语言，这是一个事实。（主语从句） （2）It is nvels that Miss Wang enjys reading. 王小姐喜欢读的是小说。（强调句） It is a questin that needs careful cnsideratin. 这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。（定语从句） （3）It was at six ’clck that I gt up tday. 我今天是六点钟起床的。（强调句） It was six ’clck when I gt up tday. 我今天起床的时候是六点钟。（状语从句） ☆有时在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。It was n July 7th 1975 when he was brn that his father died. 就在他出生的1975 年7 月7 日，他的父亲去世了。
◆单句语法填空 （1）It must be Peter has let this secret ut. （2） was because I was stuck in the traffic jam that I came late. （3） It might be last night they did their hmewrk. （4） It’s nt ding the things we like，but liking the things we have t d that （make）life happy. （5） It was nt until he finished his wrk he went hme. （6） It was in the cmpany I wrked tw years ag I met Mr Smith.
5 His dream was that the Olympics wuld help peple f different racial rigins and frm different cultures live side by side in peace. 他的梦想是奥运会将帮助不同种族、不同文化的人们和平共处。racial adj. 种族的；种族间的（→ race n. 种族；人种； 民族；种，类） （1） They have prmised t end racial discriminatin in areas such as emplyment. 他们已经许诺在诸如就业等方面停止种族歧视。I dn’t knw hw racial prejudice came abut. 我不知道种族偏见是怎么发生的。We are strngly ppsed t racial prejudice. 我们强烈反对种族偏见。（2） This custm is fund in peple f all races thrughut the wrld.这一习俗在全世界各种族中都有。He admired Canadians as a brave and determined race. 他敬佩加拿大人，因为他们是勇敢、坚定的民族。
◆语块积累（1） racial equality 种族平等racial minrities 少数民族a persn’s racial rigin 某人的种族背景（2）peple f mixed race 混合种族的人a race f cattle 一种牛human race 人类◆单句语法填空（1）There was a deep-rted （race）prejudice lng befre the tw cuntries went t war. （2） The cllege welcmes students f all （race），faiths，and natinalities.
6 Fr ver a century，peple frm diverse backgrunds have made jint effrts t help realize Cubertin’s dream. 一个多世纪以来，来自 不同背景的人们共同努力，帮助实现顾拜旦的梦想。diverse adj. 多种多样的，不同的（→ diversity n. 差异性，不同点；多样性，多样化） （1）New Yrk is a very culturally diverse city. 纽约是一个文化非常多元化的城市。There are a diverse range f pinins n the issue. 在这个问题上有各种不同的意见。（2） Even within the same cuntry，language diversity varies widely. 即使在同一个国家里，语言的差异也很大。There is a need fr greater diversity and chice in educatin. 教育方面需要更加多元化和更大的选择性。
◆语块积累peple frm diverse cultures 不同文化背景的人a great/wide/rich diversity f pinin 意见纷纭the bilgical diversity f the rainfrests 热带雨林的生物多样性◆单句语法填空（1）Albert Jnes’ new style will inevitably put him in tuch with a much （diverse）and perhaps yunger audience. （2） Every cuntry shuld encurage and try their best t prtect species （diverse）.
mre diverse
jint adj. 联合的，共同的n. 关节；接合处（→ jintly adv. 联合地，共同地） （1） Only by their jint effrts can parents and children bridge the generatin gap between them. 只有通过他们的共同努力，父母和孩子才能弥合他们之间的代沟。They were jint wners f the huse（= They wned the huse tgether）. 他们共同拥有这栋房子。（2）Her jints ache if she exercises. 她的关节一运动就疼。（3） The event was rganized jintly by students and staff. 这项赛事是由师生共同组织的。
◆语块积累a jint accunt 联合账户a jint prject 合作项目jint first/secnd 并列第一/ 第二ankle/knee jints 踝关节/ 膝关节the jint between the inner and uter panels 内外嵌板的连接处◆单句语法填空（3） The Prt Authrity is an agency （jint）run by New Yrk and New Jersey.
7 Mtivated by the Olympic mtt “Faster， Higher，Strnger”，many well-knwn athletes，bth male and female，have devted themselves t achieving sprting excellence... 在奥运口号“更快、更高、更强”的激励下，许多著名的男女运动员致力于在体育运动方面追求卓越…… ◆ 句式分析：本句是简单句。Mtivated by... 是过去分词短语作状语，与逻辑主语athletes 之间是被动关系。过去分词短语作状语（1） 过去分词短语作状语时，逻辑主语就是句子的主语。过去分词与逻辑主语之间构成被动关系，有时仅仅表示被动，有时还表示被动的动作已经完成。Seen in the dark night，lights n tp f tall buildings lk like stars in the sky. 在漆黑的夜晚，高楼顶上的灯光看起来就像天上的星星。（仅表被动） Sclded by the teacher，the girl began t cry. 被老师责怪，这个女孩开始哭起来。（表被动完成） （2） 形容词化的过去分词作状语，表示逻辑主语的状态。如：disappinted，dressed，determined，devted， tired，exhausted，prepared，seated，caught，lst 等。Lst in thught，she nearly ran int a tree. 陷入沉思，她差点儿撞到树上。
（3） 过去分词作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等，相当于状语从句；表伴随的时候相当于并列句。Asked（=When he was asked） what had happened，he lwered his head. 当被问发生了什么的时候，他低下了头。（表时间） Frightened （= Because / As she was frightened） by the tiger，the girl didn’t dare t sleep alne. 因为害怕老虎，这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。（表原因） Grwn（=If these seeds are grwn） in rich sil，these seeds can grw fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。（表条件） The cup fell dwn t the grund，（s that it was） brken. 茶杯掉到了地上，破碎了。（表结果） Left （=Althugh he was left） at hme，Jhn didn’t feel afraid at all. 虽然约翰被留在家里，但他一点儿都不害怕。（表让步） The teacher entered the classrm，（and he was） fllwed by a grup f students. 老师进入教室，后面跟着一帮学生。（表伴随）
（4） 连词+过去分词：过去分词前带有nce，when， while，if，as if，even if，thugh，unless等连词（词组）时，在连词（词组）与过去分词之间省略与主句相同的主语和系动词be。Once（it is）published，this bk will be ppular with the students. 这本书一旦出版，它将会受到学生们的欢迎。When （it is） cmpared with the size f the whle earth，the biggest cean des nt seem big at all. 与整个地球的大小相比，最大的海洋似乎一点儿也不大。N matter hw（they are） frequently perfrmed， the wrks f Beethven still attract peple all ver the wrld. 无论贝多芬的作品被多么频繁地演奏，它们仍然吸引着全世界的人们。（5） 独立主格结构：名词/ 代词主格 + 过去分词。如果句中过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，这时必须在过去分词前加上逻辑主语，即名词或代词主格，形成独立主格结构。The twn seen frm the hill，we can see it mre clearly. 如果从山上看这个城镇，我们能看得更清楚。Everything taken int cnsideratin，the party was a success. 将所有的事情考虑在内了，晚会很是成功。He sat silently，eyes clsed. 他静静地坐着，闭着眼睛。
◆说明（1）系动词和一些短语没有被动形式，作状语时用现在分词形式。如：lk，taste，feel，sund，smell，read well，sell well，write smthly，wash easily，handle easily 等。Lking tired and weak，the wman shuld have a day ff t see a dctr. 看上去又累又虚弱，这个女人应请天假去看医生。Handling easily，the kind f car is ppular by many peple. 这种车容易驾驶，受很多人喜欢。（2）given 有时看作介词，意思是“考虑到，鉴于”。Given his age（= Cnsidering hw ld he is），he’s remarkably active. 考虑到他的年龄，他已是相当活跃的了。Given her interest in children，teaching seems the right jb fr her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是很适合她的工作。
◆单句语法填空（1） （satisfy）with what he did，the teacher praised him in class. （2） The PE teacher std in the middle f the playgrund， （surrund）by a grup f students. （3） （attract）by the beauty f nature，the girl frm Lndn decided t spend anther tw days n the farm. （4） Thugh （warn）f the danger，he still went skating n the thin ice. （5） （bury）deep dwn in the earth，the dead frests rtted away and became cal. （6） Everything （cnsider），it wasn’t a bad hliday. （7） （face）with a difficult situatin，Arnld decided t ask his bss fr advice. （8） When （cmplete），the museum will be pen t the public next year.
mtivate vt. 激励，激发；成为……的动机，是……的原因（→ mtivated adj. 积极的，主动的；有动机的，有目的的 mtivatin n. 积极性，动力；动机， 诱因） （1） She’s very gd at mtivating her students t wrk hard. 她非常擅长激励她的学生努力学习。While sme peple are mtivated by a need fr success，thers are mtivated by a fear f failure.有些人的动机是出于对成功的需求，而另一些人则是出于对失败的恐惧。（2） Our staff members are hard-wrking and highly mtivated. 我们的职员工作努力，十分积极。（3） These methds can help imprve students’ mtivatin and interest. 这些方法能帮助提高学生的积极性和兴趣。Escape can be a strng mtivatin fr travel. 逃避（现实）可以成为旅游的一种强烈动机。
◆语块积累mtivate sb. t d sth. 激励某人做某事be mtivated by 以……为动机a very/highly mtivated student 学习积极性很高的学生a racially mtivated attack 种族问题引发的攻击◆单句语法填空（9） Researchers have identified several factrs that mtivate peple （get）invlved in vluntary wrk. （10） The key t a successful mdern ecnmy is a well-educated and （mtivate）wrkfrce. （11） Her （mtivate）fr writing was a desire fr wmen t get the right t higher educatin.
8 he wn the light heavyweight gld medal fr the USA，demnstrating great talent and persnality in the prcess.……当时他为美国赢得了轻重量级拳击金牌，在比赛过程中展现了过人的天赋与优秀的品性。demnstrate vt. 表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示 vi. 游行示威（→ demnstratin n. 表现，表达；证实，证明；示范，演示；游行示威） （1）Yu need t demnstrate mre self-cntrl. 你需要表现出更强的自制力。We want t demnstrate ur cmmitment t human rights. 我们想表明我们对人权的信念。These results demnstrate cnvincingly that ur campaign is wrking. 这些结果有力地证明，我们的运动正在发挥作用。They are anxius t demnstrate t the vters that they have practical plicies. 他们急于向选民证明他们有切实可行的政策。Her jb invlves demnstrating new educatinal sftware. 她的工作包括演示新的教学软件。They are demnstrating in favur f free higher educatin. 他们举行示威游行，要求实行免费高等教育。
（2）We were given a brief demnstratin f the cmputer’s functins. 有人向我们简短演示了这种计算机的各种功能。He was arrested fr rganizing the demnstratin. 他因组织示威游行被捕了。◆语块积累（1）be demnstrated t be false 被证明是错误的demnstrate t sb. 向某人证明/ 演示demnstrate against/fr... 示威反对/ 要求…… （2）hld a demnstratin 举行示威游行a practical demnstratin 实际操作表演
◆单句语法填空（1）It has been （demnstrate）that this drug is effective. （2） He built this wnderful device which he and I are ging t demnstrate yu. （3） In the cities vast crwds have been （demnstrate）fr change. （4） After great effrts，he was able t give the public a （demnstrate）f the cnnectin between the tw sets f figures.
demnstrated
demnstrating
demnstratin
9 Afterwards，this yung man prceeded t becme the wrld heavyweight champin in 1964... 后来，这个年轻人在1964 年成了世界重量级拳王…… afterwards （=afterward）adv. 以后，后来Let’s g ut nw and eat afterwards. 咱们现在出去，然后再吃饭吧。Afterwards she was srry fr what she’d said. 后来她后悔说了那些话。◆语块积累shrtly afterwards 不久之后
prceed vi. 接着做，继而做；继续从事（或进行）； 行进，前往He utlined his plans and then prceeded t explain them in mre detail. 他简单介绍了他的计划，接着又进行了更详细的解释。Befre prceeding further，we must define ur terms. 我们必须先定义术语，然后再往下展开。We’re nt sure whether we still want t prceed with the sale. 我们不确定是否还要继续特价促销。The marchers prceeded slwly alng the street. 游行者沿着街道缓缓行进。Passengers fr Rme shuld prceed t Gate 32 fr barding. 前往罗马的旅客，请到32 号登机口登机。◆语块积累prceed t d sth. 接着做某事，继而做某事prceed with sth. 继续某事prceed with cautin 行事谨慎
◆单句语法填空（1）Having said she wasn’t hungry，she then prceeded （rder）a three-curse meal. （2） The gvernment was determined t prceed the electin. （3） The ideas were nt new. Their develpment had prceeded （steady）since the war.
10 By the time he died in 2016，Ali had been recgnized as ne f the greatest bxers f all time. 到2016 年去世时，阿里已被公认为有史以来最伟大的拳击手之一。by the time 引导时间状语从句（1）by the time 表示“到……时候为止”，引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时时，主句常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成”，即“过去的过去”。By the time she left cllege，she had been an excellent student. 到她大学毕业的时候，她已经是一个优秀的学生了。（2）by the time 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来时，主句常用将来完成时，表示“截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成”。By the time I graduate next year，I will have lived here fr 5 years. 到明年毕业时，我就在这里待了五年了。（3）如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，主句有be 的系表形式或者是像knw， find，believe 等表示认知的持续性动词时，则往往用一般时态，不用完成时态，应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time 相当于when。He was ut f breath by the time he reached the tp. 登上顶端时，他气喘吁吁。By the time yu get there，the meeting will be ver. 等你到那里的时候，会议就该结束了。
◆单句语法填空（1）By the time he was 12，he （travel）30 cuntries t get his diseases cured. （2） By the time this letter reaches yu，I （leave） the cuntry. （3） By the time Alexandra was seven years ld，she （begin）painting with il paints. （4） When I talked with my grandma n the phne，she sunded weak，but by the time we __________（hang） up，her vice had been full f life.
had travelled
will have left
11 Anther sprtspersn that shuld be applauded is Jessica Ennis-Hill. 另一位值得称赞的运动员是杰西卡·恩尼斯- 希尔。applaud vt. & vi. 称赞，赞许；鼓掌（→ applause n. 鼓掌，喝彩） （1）His effrts t imprve the situatin are t be applauded. 他为改善状况所作的努力应该受到赞许。I applaud her fr having the curage t refuse. 我赞赏她敢于拒绝。He started t applaud and the thers jined in. 他开始鼓掌，其他人也跟着鼓起掌来。She was applauded as she came n stage. 她上台时人们向她鼓掌。（2）Give her a big rund f applause! 为她热烈鼓掌！ The audience brke int thunderus applause. 听众中爆发出一片雷鸣般的掌声。◆语块积累（1）applaud ne’s decisin 称赞某人的决定applaud sb. fr（ding）sth. 因（做）某事赞赏某人applaud the speaker 向演讲者鼓掌（2）have a rund f applause 获得一阵掌声respnd with applause 报以掌声deafening/thunderus applause 震耳欲聋的/ 雷鸣般的掌声
◆单句语法填空（1）The by saved the ld man wh fell n the rad. He shuld be applauded his curage. （2） Attracted by the beauty f the pian music，the audience almst frgt ____________（applaud）when the pianist finally finished it. （3） Her speech was s wnderful that she （applaud）fr a full five minutes after it. （4） S let’s have a rund applause，please，fr a very talented yung lady wh is ging t sing fr us. （5） It was several minutes befre the （applaud） died dwn.
was applauded
12 In an interview she revealed that the secret f her cnsistent gd perfrmance was the training that she never missed. 在一次采访中，她透露她一直表现优秀的秘诀是她从未错过 训练。cnsistent adj. 一致的，始终如一的；连续的（→ cnsistently adv. 始终如一地，一贯地） （1）We must be cnsistent in applying the rules. 我们在实施这些规则时必须保持一致。The results are entirely cnsistent with ur earlier research. 这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。Her wrk is smetimes gd，but the prblem is she’s nt cnsistent. 她工作有时不错，可问题是她不能始终如一。The party’s cnsistent failure t cme up with any new plicies has made peple disappinted. 这个政党长时期提不出任何新政策让人们很失望。（2）Her wrk has been f a cnsistently high standard. 她的工作一直是高水准的。
◆语块积累be cnsistent in 在……方面一致 be cnsistent with 与……一致，与……相吻合a cnsistent apprach t the prblem 解决问题的一贯方法cnsistent grwth in the ecnmy 经济的持续增长◆单句语法填空（1）She’s nt very cnsistent the way she treats her children. （2） What the witness said in curt was nt cnsistent the statement he made t the plice. （3） One shuld be hnest，which is smething I’ve （cnsistent）supprted.
cnsistently
13 The 2008 Beijing Olympics called n the whle wrld t jin in the Olympic spirit and build a better future fr humanity with the slgan “One Wrld，One Dream”. 2008 年北京奥运会以“同一个世界，同一个梦想”为口号，号召全世界共同弘扬奥林匹克精神，共建人类更加美好的未来。 call n sb. t d sth. 正式邀请某人做某事； 请求某人做某事I nw call n/upn the chairman t address the meeting. 我现在请主席向大会致辞。The Ministry f Educatin calls n students t exercise fr an hur every day. 教育部要求学生每天锻炼一个小时。
◆语块积累be/feel called（n/upn）t d sth. 感到有责任做某事call at（火车等）短暂停留call back 回电话call fr 需要，要求call in 召来call it a day 结束；到此为止call ff 取消，停止进行call n/upn sb. 拜访某人call up 打电话，使想起I feel called upn（=feel that I ught） t warn yu that it’s dangerus t swim here. 我觉得我应该警告你，在这里游泳很危险。
◆单句语法填空（1）Last but nt least，we shuld call n citizens （take）the bus instead f driving a car as much as pssible. （2） Air pllutin has risen abve an acceptable level，which calls ur special cncern. （3） Since the weather is bad，let’s call the trip.
humanity n. （统称）人，人类；人性；人道，仁慈（→ human n. 人 adj. 人的，人类的；人性的，有人情味的） （1） They face charges f cmmitting crimes against humanity. 他们面临犯有反人类罪的指控。The judge was praised fr his curage and humanity. 法官的勇气和人道受到称赞。（2）Dgs can hear much better than humans. 狗的听觉比人灵敏得多。There was n sight f human habitatin n the island althugh there were mnkeys，wild gats and snakes. 那个岛上虽然有猴子、野羊和蛇，但没有人居住的痕迹。He’s really very human when yu get t knw him. 当你了解他的时候，你就会知道他确实很有人情味。
◆语块积累a great cntributin t humanity 对人类的一大贡献the human brain/bdy/eyes 人脑/ 人体/ 肉眼human behavir/activity/experience 人的行为/ 活动/ 经历human nature/right 人性/ 人权human being ［C］人human weaknesses 人性的弱点 ◆单句语法填空（4） The listeners felt a deep （human）and warmth in his music.
14 In additin t hsting the Olympics fr the first time，China als ranked first in the medal table. 除了首次主办奥运会，中国也在奖牌榜上排名第一。rank vi. & vt. 属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行n. 地位，级别；排，列；等级；军衔，军阶（1）She is currently the highest ranked player in the wrld. 她是目前居世界榜首的运动员。The tasks have been ranked in rder f difficulty. 按照困难程度对任务进行了分类。Last year，he was ranked secnd in his age grup. 他去年在他的年龄段排名第二。The restaurant ranks amng the finest in twn. 这家饭店属于镇上最好的。（2） She was nt used t mixing with peple f high scial rank. 她不习惯和社会地位很高的人搅和在一起。He rse thrugh the ranks t becme managing directr. 他级级攀升，当上了常务董事。Ranks f plice armed with guns std nervusly by. 一排排持枪的警察紧张地站在旁边。The cuntry is n lnger in the frnt rank f wrld pwers. 该国再也不是位于前列的世界强国。He was sn prmted t the rank f captain. 他很快被提升至上尉军阶。
◆语块积累tp-ranked players 一流的选手be ranked secnd/rank secnd 排名第二，位居第二rank high in the class 在班里名列前茅a painter f the first rank 一流的画家fficers f junir/senir rank 低级/ 高级军阶的军官◆单句语法填空（1）The university （rank）number ne in the cuntry fr engineering. （2） She is the nly Canadian wman （rank）in the tp 50 f the wmen’s wrld rankings.
ranks/is ranked
t be ranked
15 Since then the upward trend fr Chinese sprt has been unstppable. 从那以后，中国体育的上升趋势就一直势不可挡。trend n. 趋势，趋向；潮流，时尚There is a grwing trend twards earlier retirement. 提前退休有增加的趋势。There’s been an upward trend in sales in the last few years. 过去几年中销售额一直呈上升趋势。Her lng sweater is right n trend this winter. 她的长外套今年冬季正流行。◆语块积累ecnmic/scial/plitical trends 经济/ 社会/ 政治趋势current trends in language teaching 当前语言教学的趋势a dwnward/an upward trend in sales 销售额下滑/ 上升的趋势fllw the latest wrld trend 追随最新的世界潮流
16 The year 2022 will be anther histric mment fr China，as Beijing wn the electin t hst the Winter Olympics. 2022 年将是中国的又一个历史性时刻，因为北京赢得了冬奥会的主办权。electin n. 选举，推选；当选（→ elect v. 选举，推选； 选择，决定） （1） We welcme his electin as president. 我们欢迎他当选总统。Within three mnths f his electin he was frced t resign. 他当选后不到三个月就被迫辞职。（2） She became the first black wman t be elected t the Senate. 她成为第一个被选进参议院的黑人妇女。Increasing numbers f peple elect t wrk frm hme nwadays. 现在越来越多的人选择在家工作。This is an electin year when the peple will elect a new president. 今年是选举年，届时人们选出新总统。
◆语块积累（1）electin campaigns/results 竞选运动/ 选举结果win/lse an electin 在选举中获胜/ 失败vte in an electin 参加投票选举a general electin 大选（2）an elected leader/representative 选出的领导人/ 代表the newly elected gvernment 新选的政府elect sb.（as）... 选某人当…… elect sb. t... 选某人入…… elect t d sth. 选择/ 决定做某事
◆单句语法填空（1）There was a fall in supprt fr the Republican Party at the last （elect）. （2） Tm’s father wanted him t be a lawyer，but he has elected （becme）a dctr. （3） The middle-aged man is a newly （elect） team leader，able，pen and sincere. （4） She has been glriusly elected the Olympic trchbearer f Ningxia fr her influence in the industry. （5） I’ll never frget the day when I was elected the student cuncil.
17 ... “With the Olympic Games，each generatin celebrates its advent，its jy f living，its faith in the future，its ambitin and its will t ascend.”……“随着奥运会的召开，每一代人都在庆祝它的到来，庆祝它对生活的喜悦，庆祝它对未来的信念，庆祝它的雄心壮志和它的提升意志。” faith n. 信心，信任；宗教信仰（→ faithful adj. 忠诚的， 忠实的 faithfully adv. 忠诚地，忠实地；准确地， 如实地，仔细地） （1）Faith can mve muntains. 精诚所至，金石为开。I have great faith in yu—I knw yu’ll d well. 我对你有信心——我知道你会做好的。We’ve lst faith in the gvernment’s prmises. 我们不再相信政府的承诺。The authr’s lss f his wn religius faith is reflected in his nvels. 这个作者宗教信仰的丧失在他的小说当中得到了反映。
（2）He remained faithful t the ideals f the party. 他对党的理想坚贞不移。I have been a faithful reader f yur newspaper fr many years. 我是贵报多年来的忠实读者。（3）He had supprted the lcal team faithfully fr 30 years. 他忠实地支持了当地球队30 年。The events were faithfully recrded in her diary. 这些事件在她的日记中如实地记录了下来。◆语块积累（1）have faith in sb. 信任/ 相信某人，对某人有信心lse faith in sb. 对某人失去信任，不相信某人peple f different faiths 不同宗教信仰的人（2）a faithful servant/friend/dg 忠实的仆人/ 朋友/ 狗fllw instructins faithfully 严格遵循指示
◆单句语法填空（1）Her friend’s kindness has restred her faith human nature. （2） She was rewarded fr her 40 years’ （faith） service with the cmpany. （3） He has since 1965 （faithful）fllwed and supprted every twist and turn f gvernment plicy.
faithfully
ambitin n. 追求的目标，夙愿；野心，雄心，壮志（→ ambitius adj. 有抱负的，野心勃勃的） （1） She never achieved her ambitin f becming a famus writer. 她一直未能实现当一名著名作家的夙愿。His burning ambitin was t study medicine. 他梦寐以求的是学医。She was intelligent but suffered frm a lack f ambitin. 她很聪明，但却缺乏远大志向。（2） They were very ambitius fr their children（= They wanted their children t be successful）.他们望子成龙心切。Millins f waterfwl were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. 数以百万计的水禽被市场猎人和少数野心过大的猎手杀死。［2021• 新高考全国Ⅰ卷］
◆语块积累the ambitin t d sth./ambitin f ding sth. 做某事的夙愿/ 抱负achieve/realize ne’s ambitin 实现某人的夙愿/ 抱负plitical/literary ambitins 政治抱负/ 文学夙愿be mtivated by persnal ambitin 为个人野心所驱使an ambitius manager 雄心勃勃的经理◆单句语法填空（4） A gd sldier shuld have the ambitin becming a general. （5） When I’m kind f at a lss，t have ambitin will save me frm being frustrated. （6） The gvernment has annunced an （ambitin）plan t mdernize the railway netwrk.
18 The majrity f these sprts are identical t thse at the Olympics but ther sprts， such as wushu，have been added t. 这些运动项目中的大多数与奥运会项目完全相同，但也增加了其他运动项目，如武术。identical adj. 完全同样的；同一的（→ identically adv. 完全一样地） （1）Her dress is identical t mine. 她的连衣裙和我的一模一样。The number n the card shuld be identical with the ne n the chequebk. 卡上的号码应该和支票簿上的相同。This is the identical rm we stayed in last year. 这就是我们去年住的那个房间。（2） The children were dressed identically，s that he failed t recgnize his child. 孩子们的穿着完全一样，结果他未能认出自己的孩子。
◆语块积累a rw f identical huses 完全一样的一排房子be identical t/with 与……完全相同◆单句语法填空（1）The tests are identical thse carried ut last year. （2） We laughed when we realized that we had respnded （identical）t ne particular questin.
identically
19 The Yuth Olympic Games give talented teenagers a chance t cnnect with fellw athletes frm diverse backgrunds. 青奥会给有才华的青少年提供了一个与来自不同背景的同行运动员交流的机会。fellw adj. 同伴的，同情况的，同类的n. 同辈，同类， 同事；男人，家伙（1） She discvered t her pleasure，a talent fr making her fellw guests laugh. 她高兴地发现一个把她同来的客人逗笑的本事。My fellw campers were already packing up their tents. 我的露营同伴已经在收起他们的帐篷了。（2）She has a very gd reputatin amng her fellws. 她在同事中的口碑甚佳。Many caged birds live lnger than their fellws in the wild. 许多笼中鸟比野外同类鸟的寿命长。By all accunts，Rdger wuld appear t be a fine fellw. 根据大家的说法，罗杰应该是个好小伙儿。
◆语块积累fellw students/travellers/wrkers 同学/ 旅伴/ 同事my fellw passengers n the train 和我同火车的旅伴schl fellws 校友◆单句语法填空Very sad and frustrated were the tw pr little （fellw）as they std and lked at each ther.
20 there are cmpetitins featuring mixed teams，such as mixed swimming relays.…… 所以有混合队的比赛，比如混合游泳接力赛。relay n. 接力赛vt. 转发（信息、消息等）；播放，转播（1） Britain’s prspects f beating the United States in the relay lked pr. 英国队在接力赛中战胜美国队的希望看上去不大。After the earthquake，vlunteers wrked in relays t rescue peple buried under the building. 地震发生后， 志愿者们轮班上阵解救被大楼埋困的人。（2）He relayed the message t his bss. 他将这个消息转给了他的老板。TV pictures f the war were relayed arund the wrld by satellite. 有关战争的电视画面通过卫星在全世界进行了转播。
◆语块积累a 550-metre relay race 550 米接力赛the Olympic trch relay 奥运会火炬传递in relays 轮流，轮班 把……转发给…… ◆单句语法填空（1）After the mine accident，rescuers wrked relays t save the trapped miners. （2） Later n，my brther tld me that instructins （relay）t him by phne. （3） I was tld the news first and then I relayed it the thers.
were relayed
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