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人教版九年级英语专题复习导学案:介词专题
展开九年级英语专题复习介词专题导学案
Ⅰ介词的用法
(一)表示时间的介词: 1.at, on, in
(1) at表示“在某一时刻、某一时间点”[来源:学科网]
at 5:30 在5:30 at sunrise 日出时 at lunch 午饭时 at noon 正午时 at night 夜间
表示“在……岁”时用at the age of…。
如:at the age of five 在五岁时
(2) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如:
on Monday在星期一 on April 1st在四月一日
I heard a shot on the morning of March 18.三月十八日早晨我听到一声枪响。
泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night;但若指具体某一天的上述时段时,则一律用on。
如:on the afternoon of May 23 在五月二十三日下午
(3) in表示“在某月、季节、年、世纪”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。
in September 在九月 in winter 在冬季
in 1999 在1999年 in the 20th century 在20世纪
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
2.for, during, through
(1) for表示“一段时间”,后接与数词连用的时间名词。多与完成时连用。
She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。
表示“持续一段时间”时,for后面必须跟“数字+时间名词”,而during后决不可接数字。
(2) during表示“在……期间”
He visited many nice places during his stay here.在他逗留期间他参观了许多美丽的地方。
(3) through表示“一直……,自始至终”
They worked hard through the winter.整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
3.from, since, for
(1) from 作“从……”解,多用于“from…to/till…”中。
The exam will start from 9:00am. 考试将从上午九点开始。
①from“从……(开始)”未必持续到现在,如:
from 1995 to 1998.从1995年到1998年。
而since是指“自从……以来一直持续到现在”
②since一般只与现在完成时连用,而from不受此限。
(2) since表示“自从……以来(直到现在)”
He has been away from home since 1973.他自从1973年就离开了家乡。
We have known each other since ten years ago.我们十年前就认识了。
for与since表示一段时间,但for与时间段连用,而since与时间点连用。
如for two hours(持续)两小时;since last week自从上周直到现在
4.before, by, till, until
(1) before指“在……之前”
Please come before ten o’clock.请10点以前来。
表示“在……以前”时,before与by基本可通用。但by还有“截至……为止”之意,此时可与完成时连用,而before一般不与完成时连用。如:
How many models have you made by the end of last month?
截至上月底你做了多少个模型?
(2) by指“不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前”
I must finish my homework by lunch.午饭前我必须做完作业。
We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.
到上学期末为止,我们已经学了1000多个单词了。
(3) till (until) “直到……为止”
You must wait for him till tomorrow.你必须一直等他到明天。
He didn’t come back until twelve o’clock last night.他昨晚到12点才回来。
在肯定句中,till (until)必须与延续动词连用。若与点动词连用,till (until)只能用于否定句中。
5.after, in, within
①after表示“在……之后”,是before的反义词。
We’ll hold a party after dinner.晚餐后我们将举办晚会。
He got a cancer and died after a year.他患了癌症,一年后去世了。
I’ll phone you after I arrive.到达后我给你打电话。(after作连词)
②within“在……时间之内”
I can finish it within an hour.我不需一小时就可把它做完。
③in“在……时间之后”
I’ll arrive in an hour.我一小时后到达。[来源:学科网ZXXK]
比 较 after与in
①after后可跟时间段,也可跟时间点,如after school(放学后),
而in后必须跟一段时间,如in an hour(一小时后)。
②after既可用于将来时,也可用于过去时,而in只能用于将来时。
③after既可作介词,又可作连词,而in只能作介词
in与within后都必须跟时间段。
(二)表示“地点、方向”的介词:
1.in,outside,between, among
①in表示“在……里面”,如:
She put her book in the desk. 她把书放进了书桌。
②outside指“在……外面”
There are many people outside the room.房间外有很多人。
③between在……之间(指二者)
The building stands between the park and the small river. 那栋建筑位于公园和小河之间。
between是指“在两者之间”,而among指“在多个之间”。
④among在……之间(指三者以上)
“There is a thief among you.” The policeman shouted to the crowd.
警察向人群喊道:“你们中间有个小偷!”
2.on, above, over, below, under
(1) on在……上面,表面相互接触。
On the top of the hill, there is a flag. 山顶有一面旗子。
(2) above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”,与below相对。
A plane flew above our heads.一架飞机从我们头上飞过。
(3) over“在……正上方”,与under相对。
There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。
(4) below在……下方,低于……
Her skirt reaches just below her knees.她的裙子刚到膝盖下。
(5) under在……正下方
They sat under a big tree, drinking.他们坐在一棵大树下喝酒。
3.near, by, beside
(1) near在……附近,与far相对
A hospital was built near the railway station.在火车站附近建了一所医院。
(2) by = beside,靠近,在……旁边,比near距离更近
He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema.在电影院他就坐在我旁边。
4.in front of, behind, around
(1) in front of在……前面
A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河
in the front of表示“在……前部”,指里面。
There is a red chair in the front of the room.在房间前半部有把红椅子。
(2) behind在……后面
A high building stands behind the village.村子后面有一高层建筑。
(3) around在……周围,围绕
There are many trees around the village.村子周围有很多树围绕。
There are flowers around the stage. 舞台周围摆着鲜花。
5.from, to, for, into, out of
(1) from从……
The train started from Paris.火车发自巴黎。
(2) to到……(目的地)去,向……
They got to the town very late. 他们很晚才到那个镇。
(3) for向……,表目的方向
He left for Tianjin on business yesterday.他昨天出差去天津了。
towards, to和for都可表示“向……”,其区别如下:
①towards仅指朝向某个方向,不一定是目的地,而 to和for都是“向目的地”。
②for作“向(目的地)”时,常用于固定搭配中,如:leave for; start for
(4) into进入
Please put the water into the bottle.请把水倒入瓶子里。
(5) out of从……出来
A beautiful girl in red went out of the shop.一个穿红衣服的漂亮女孩从商店里走了出来。
6.along, across, through, by
(1) along沿着
There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the road / street. 沿街有着各种美丽的花。
(2) across横穿
It’s dangerous to run across the busy road. 跑着穿越繁忙的马路是很危险的。
(3) through穿过
It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.开车穿过这条隧道花了我们10分钟时间。
(4).by 经过表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.
I walked by the Bank of China yesterday .昨天我路过中国银行。
7.at, in,on
1)at 一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置 at the station at the cinema
2)in 表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里. in China in the classroom [来源:学科网]
3)on 指在某物体的表面上. on the desk
注意:
写街道时,若有门牌号用at ,否则用on / in 都可.
He lives at 270 DongChang’an Street.
8. in /on / to 表方位:
1.in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系)
Tanwan is ____ the southeast of China .
2.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系)
Hubei is ____ the north of Hunan .
3.to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系)
Japan is _____ the east of China .
(三)其它用途的介词:
1. 表示“标准或单位”的介词:at, for, by
(1) at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”
He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour.他以每小时80英里的速度行驶。
I sold my car at a high price.我以高价出售了我的汽车。
(2) for用……交换
I bought it for 20 dollars.买它花了我20美元。
How much for these apples? 这些苹果多少钱?
at与for都表示价格,但at表示“单价”,for表示总价,at后一般跟“price”这个词,而for后只能跟总钱数。
如:I bought it at a low price.我买它的价格很低。
I bought it at the price of $80 a pound.我以每磅80美元的价格买的它。
I sold it for $10.我10美元把它卖掉了。
(3) by以……计,后跟度量单位
Gold is sold by the gram.金以克出售。
They paid him by the month.他们按月给他计酬。
2.表示“材料”的介词:of, from, in,up of,by
be made +介词的区别:
be made of 由…制成 (看得见原材料)
be made up of 由...组成(组成部件)
be made from由…制成 (看不见原材料)
be made in +地点 由哪儿生产
be made by sb. 由某人制造
This salad is made of apples and strawberries. 这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。
The lifeboat is made from some special material. 这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。
Please fill in the form in pencil first.请先用铅笔填写这个表格。
in指材料时,材料前不用冠词。
比较:用铅笔画 to draw in pencil指材料,不用冠词
To draw with a pencil指工具,用冠词
3.表示“工具或手段”的介词:by, in,with, on
(1) by凭借“工具或手段(多用于交通工具)如: by bus乘公共汽车,by plane乘飞机
He usually goes to work by bike.他通常骑车去上班。
He sent the news to me by e-mail.他通过电子邮件发给了我这一消息。
表示搭乘交通工具时,既可用by,又可用in,区别在于用by时,表示交通工具的名词前不能加冠词,而用in时名词前必须加冠词。
I went there by bus.=I went there in a bus
(2) with用……工具
He broke the window with a stone.他用石头把窗户打破了。
with表示“用……工具”时,工具前必须加冠词或物主代词。
(3) on以……方式。多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。
4.表示“关于”的介词:of, about, on
(1) of仅指“关于”人或事物的存在,如:
He spoke of the film the other day.他前几天提到了这部影片。
think of 想到 think about 考虑
He thought of this matter yesterday.他昨天想到了这件事。
He thought about this matter yesterday.他昨天考虑了这件事。
(2) about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。
It’s a book for children about Africa and its people.
它是一本供儿童阅读的关于非洲和非洲人的书。
Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?
(3) on是指“关于”学术性的或严肃的,供专门研究用的。
It’s a textbook on the history of China.它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
5.表示“原因、理由”的介词:for, at, from, of, with
(1) for表示“一般的理由”常与famous, punish等词连用。
Xi’an is famous for its long history.西安因历史悠久而著名。
The city is well known for her large population. 这座城市以人口众多而知名。
(2) at一般指“情感”的原因,通常放在表示“惊讶或喜悦等感情”的动词或形容词之后,表示“因听到或看到而……”。
She got angry at his words.她因为他的话生气了。
(3) from表示“外在的原因”。如受伤、车祸等。
He died from the wound.他因受伤而致死。
Her son was badly hurt in a traffic accident. 她儿子在一次车祸中严重受伤。
(4) of表示“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。
He died of cancer.他死于癌症。
The old man died of hunger.老人死于饥饿。
(5) with表示“由外在影响到肉体或心理”的原因。
He shook with cold.他因寒冷而发抖。
He shouted loudly with anger. 他气得大喊大叫。
6.like, as
(1) like像……一样(其实不是)
The little tiger looks like a cat.这只小老虎看起来像只猫。
The mooncakes are like the moon. 月饼像月亮。
(2) as作为,以……身份(其实是)
He was hanged as a spy.他被作为间谍绞死了。
He talked to me as a father.他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。
7.against, for
against反对,与for是反义词,如:
Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法?
They fought against the enemy. 他们抗击敌人。
8.besides, except都表示“除了”。besides的用法就等于as well as。
He is interested in tennis besides(as well as)football. 除了足球,他还对网球感兴趣。
(1)besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”,可以理解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”,表示两部分的相似性。
Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.
除他以外,还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了)
We like biology besides English.除了英语外,我们还喜欢生物。(生物和英语都喜欢)
(2)except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”,可以理解为“撇开…不谈”,表示两部分的不同。
Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很激动。(他们激动,而我却不激动)
All the visitors are Japanese except him.
除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人,可他不是)
9.at的其它用法.[来源:学科网]
1).表示 “从事或正在做某事”,其后加的名词往往不加冠词.
She is at work now = She is working now .
2)at表示 “价格或速度”
The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour .
10.in的其它用法:
1)in表示 “在……方面”
词组:do well in = be good at
be weak in
2)in 表示 “穿着”后接表颜色的词或衣服.
词组: be in +衣服 = be wearing +衣服
3)in作副词, “在家” = at home ]
11.off的用法:
1).从……下来, 脱离某物体.
词组: fall off
2). “休假”通常放在时间名词之后.
词组: have +时间+ off
He hasn’t had a night off for two hours .
12.with / without
1).with具有,含有 -----反义词: without 没有
词组: with the help of = with one’s help =because of = thanks to
without one’s help
2).without 的用法:
A).without + sb./ sth. 没有某人或某物
B).without + doing sth .
He left here without____(say ) “Goodbye”to us
C). without sth 常与if 引导的否定的条件句.
If there is no water , we can’t live .= We can’t live ______ _______ .[来源:学科网][来源:学。科。网]
13.on the tree /in the tree
on the tree 表示 “树上本身长的东西” 在树上. 而in the tree 表示 “外界的物体进入树中” 人或物在树上.
There are some apples _____ the tree .
There is a boy ____ the tree.
in the wall /on the wall
in the wall 表示“门窗在墙上” on the wall 表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”
14.表示 “数量的介词”about , round around over
1). about , round around表示 “大约……”
2).over 表示 “超过”= more than.
15.inside / outside
Inside 在……里面 ------反义词:outside在….外面
(四)介词的省略
在以下几种情况中,介词常常省略。
1.当表示时间的词前有this, that, next, last, every, each, some, any, all等时,介词应省略。
We watched an exciting football match last week.(last week前不能用介词in等)
上周我们看了一场激动人心的足球赛。
Come any day you like. 你想哪天来就哪天来。
Come on any day you like.(×)
next前可以加冠词,但意义不同。
next week下周(以现在为起点)
the next week第二周(以过去某时为起点)
2.表示时间的名词前有不定冠词,且不定冠词作“每一……”解时,前面不用介词,如:
每小时80英里。
80 miles in an hour.(×)
80 miles an hour.()
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.每天一苹果,医生远离我。
3.含有way的短语。如:in the same way, in this/that way, in another way等用于句末时,in常省略。
She did it the same way.她用同样的方法做的。
1.With the help of 在……帮助下 under care of 在……领导/关心下
2.be strict with sb. 对……人要求严格 be strict in/about sth. 对……事要求严格
3. at present=at the present time 目前4. in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 under the sun 在世界上
5. lie in 位于……之内 lie on 同……接壤 lie to 位于……之外 6. at least 至少 at most 最多
7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以……名义 8. in the air 空中,在流传
9. in the way 挡路,障碍,用……方法 in a way 在某点上,在某种程度上lose one’s way 迷路 by the way 顺便说一下 on one’s way to 在去……的路上 Come this way 这边走
10. at the corner 在拐角处(外角)in the corner 在角落里(内角)on the corner 在角落上(外角)11. judge by / from 根据……来判断 judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断
12. at the end (of) 在……结束时 at the beginning of 在……开始时 at the back of 在……背后,支持 at the age of ……岁时 at the foot of 在……脚下 at the bottom of 在……底部 at the top of 在……顶上 13. in the course of 在 ...过程中 in the eyes of 从...观点看来,在某人眼里 in the middle of 在...中间 in the end=at last=finally 最后14. on the eve of 在...前夕 on the side of 在...一边15. after a time=after some time过一段时间之后 for a time=for some time一时,有一段时间16. at no time绝不 in no time 立即,马上18. at times = sometimes 有时 at all times 经常,一直,始终 at the same time 同时 at the time 在……的时候 by the time 到……的时候 19. for a moment 一会儿 for the moment 暂时 at the moment 当时 the moment /minute /instance 正当……一刹那 20. once or twice 一两次 more than once 不止一次 once more 重新,又 once upon a time 从前 once in a while 偶尔
1.be on show / display / play / sale / duty
2. be of value / importance / use / no use / color / age / size / height / weight / significance
3. to one’s joy / surprise / pleasure 4. in surprise
5. by air / bicycle / boat / bus / car / letter / post / plane / telephone / train
6. at daybreak / sunrise / dawn / noon/ dark / night
7. out of breath / control / question / sight
8. in fact / nature / practice /short / brief / a word / detail / all / average / full / time / fashion / turn / vain / haste / appearance / common / sum/
general / particular / public / secret / order / part / power / stock / case / bed / future / name / addition / sight
9. on duty / shift / holiday / leave / business / purpose / time / sale / show / board / hand / record / request / root / earth / farm / principle
10. for example/instance=such as 11. by chance/ accident/ mistake/hand/ train
12. at most / least / best / worst / once / first / last / home / school / will ( at will:任意) / work
night / midnight / daybreak / dawn / present / length / large
13. as above / below / following / over / usual / before / a matter of fact
14. above all / measure / normal [来源:Zxxk.Com]
15. before all / long / time / now / then
16. after all / class / school
17. out of action / order / condition / use / operation / step / joint / repair/ gear / balance / range/
doubt / date / danger / hand / shape / place / question / stock /
18. with caution / interest / difficulty / ease / advantage / effect / reason / vigor / reserve / success / confidence
19. beyond comprehension / conception / description / expression / doubt / control / reach / power / measure / grasp / compare / controversy / dispute / hope / example
20. under age / discussion / test / way / repair [来源:学+科
2015年中考英语复习介词练习
一、单项选择
1.How nice the fish tastes! Could you tell me who taught you to cook it?
To be honest, I learnt it watching TV. I learn to cook many dishes TV.
A. by; in B. by; on
C. in; on D. in; in
2. ---________does she study English?
--- _______working with a group.[来源:学科网]
A. How, By B. How, In
C. How often, For D. What, At
3.Once you put your school things________, you'll find them easily.
A. in danger B. in order
C. in detail D. in general
4. The film star is busy all day and has little time her little son.
A. to B. of C. for D. in
5. It’s wrong ________ Amy to look down on the blind.
A. to B. with
C. for D. of
6.Can you connect what you learnt your life?
A.in B. for C. with D. About
7.He treated me a child.
A. for B. to C. as D. With
8.My brother is good maths.
A. in B. on C. for D. at
9.It is more difficult old people learn English.
A. to ; for B. to; to
C. for; for D. for; to
10.Guilin is my home town and it’s famous its mountains and water.
A. for B. with C. to D. as
11.There are some birds the tree. And there are some pears
it, too.
A. on; on B. in; in C. on; in D. in; on
12.They will arrive___________ the morning__________ May 1st.
A. on;in B. on;on C. on;of D. in;of
13.Lucy, __________ her mother, __________ apples very much.
A. like, likes B. likes, likes C. likes, like D. like, like
14. Who’s the girl pink? A. on B. at C. with D. in
15.This pair of jeans looks nice ___________ me because I look nice ___________blue.
A. on; in B. in; on C. for.; on D. to; in
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