人教新目标 (Go for it) 版八年级下册Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.Section A备课ppt课件
展开T learn the usage f fr and sinceT use the Grammar Fcus sentences t create simple cnversatinT review the present perfect tenseT learn new wrd: hmetwn
1. Hw lng have yu had that bike ver there? I’ve had it fr three years.2. Hw lng has his sn wned the train and railway set? He’s wned it since his furth birthday.3. Have yu ever played ftball? Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played fr a while nw.
Yu’re having a yard sale. What wuld yu d with the mney yu raise?
Grammar Fcus
1. — Hw lng have yu lived here? — I’ve lived here fr twenty years. 2. Yes, I’ve been here since 1976. 3. He has just bught a new huse in the city, but ever since he mved in, he has had truble with cars and their wners.4. We haven’t seen each ther since last week. 5. My parents and I have been in Hng Kng fr tw days.
6. — Hw lng have yu had that bike ver there? — I’ve had it fr three years.7. Jeff has had his bike fr mre than 10 years.8. Yes, I’ve had it fr seven years.9. Amy has had her favrite bk fr three years.10. Amy has had the ty bear since she was a baby.
11. Amy’s mm has had the ld bread maker fr mre than ten years.12. I’ve had this magazine fr a cuple f mnths.13. I’ve had them since I was a child.14. My mm’s had it fr a lng time but it still wrks.15. Althugh he has nt played with his ld tys fr a lng time, he still wanted t keep them.
16. Fr example, he has wned a train and railway set since his furth birthday, and he played with it almst every week until he was abut seven.17. As fr me, I did nt want t give up my ftball shirts, but, t be hnest, I have nt played fr a while nw.
Fill in the blanks.
1. — Hw lng have yu lived here? — I’ve lived here ____ twenty years. 2. Yes, I’ve been here _____ 1976.3. He has just bught a new huse in the city, but ever _____ he mved in, he has had truble with cars and their wners.4. We haven’t seen each ther ______ last week. 5. My parents and I have been in Hng Kng ____ tw days.
6. — Hw lng have yu had that bike ver there? — I’ve had it ____ three years.7. Jeff has had his bike ____ mre than 10 years.8. Yes, I’ve had it ____ seven years.9. Amy has had her favrite bk ____ three years.10. Amy has had the ty bear ______ she was a baby.
11. Amy’s mm has had the ld bread maker ____ mre than ten years.12. I’ve had this magazine ____ a cuple f mnths.13. I’ve had them _____ I was a child.14. My mm’s had it ___ a lng time but it still wrks.15. Althugh he has nt played with his ld tys ___ a lng time, he still wanted t keep them.
16. Fr example, he has wned a train and railway set _____ his furth birthday, and he played with it almst every week until he was abut seven.17. As fr me, I did nt want t give up my ftball shirts, but, t be hnest, I have nt played ____ a while nw.
现在完成时: 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。
结构: 主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词
一般疑问句: have / has … ? Yes, I have. N, I haven’t. Yes, she has. N, she hasn’t.
1. 现在完成时动词构成have /has + v 过去分词
haven’thasn’t
Have yu…?Has he…?
常与下列时间状语连用:just , already, yet,ever, never, befre, several times
含有fr,since的现在完成时的用法歌诀: 过去的动作或状态,一直持续到现在,fr、since 把时间带。 fr+时间段 since
时间段+ag过去的时间点过去时的从句
现在完成时表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在可能还要持续下去,常和fr, since引导的表示一段时间的时间状语连用,谓语动词多用延续性动词。如:live, teach, learn, wrk, study, be pen, be clsed, keep, have, be away, be married, be asleep, be ill等。
现在完成时的持续型用法动词:延续性动词:表示能够延续的动作;表示经过和 经历;常与fr+一段时间,since+时间点连用。eg:He has lived here fr 6 years. 非延续性动词:表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束;表示行为的结果。在肯定句中不能和表示时间段的状语连用;在否定句中则可以。eg:I have left here fr 3 years. × I haven't left here fr 3 years. √
谓语动词用延续性动词,可以用hw lng提问。
此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外)。1. 这本书我买了5年了。 I have bught the bk fr five years. ( ) I’ve had the bk fr five years. ( )2.非延续性动词/ 短暂性动词(cme, g, leave, buy …)可以用于现在完成时。但不能用于带有fr或是since的肯定句中。He has left Beijing fr a week. ( )He has nt left Beijing yet. ( )
( 1).fr+表示一段时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句
eg.I have been a teacher ______ a year. He has been at this schl _______ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English wrds _______ we came t this schl.
现在完成时句中常见的时间状语A.表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体 的过去时间。
e.g. Have yu _____been t Japan? I have _____ finished my hmewrk. I have finished my hmewrk ______. I haven’t finished my hmewrk ____.
B. just, already, yet, befre/ ever, never有此类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.
already “已经” ; yet “仍然, 还” 这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already 常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。如: Jim has already finished his wrk. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。Mther hasn’t cme hme yet. 妈妈还没回来。Haven’t yu read The Call f the Wild yet? 你还没读过《野性的呼唤》吗?
现在完成时:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态,强调的是现在的情况,不能和表示过去的时间状语连用(如:in 1990,last Sunday 等)。
一般过去时:一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系(即动作或状态在现在已经结束),它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:
have / has + V过去分词
现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如:Have yu read that stry?你读过那个故事吗?(“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是:是否知道故事的内容。) I have bught tw apples. 我买了两个苹果。 (“买”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的结果是:拥有两个苹果。)
4. 在现在完成时中 ever, never, just, already, yet在用法和意思上有什么区别?
在学习这一概念的同时,还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词:already, just, ever, yet, never等。already, just多用于肯定句中,ever, yet, never多用于疑问句和否定句中。I have already finished my hmewrk.我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal.他刚吃过饭。 Have yu ever sung this English sng?你曾唱过这首英文歌吗? They haven’t started yet. 他们还没有身。 We have never heard f it.我们从来没有听说过这件事。
(1). Have (has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用。Mr. Brwn has been in Shanghai fr three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada fr five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。
5. have been in, have been t 与have gne t 的用法
(2). Have (has) been t 意为“曾经去过某地”,表示现在已经不在那里了。可与 just, ever, never 等连用。I’ve just been t the pst ffice. 我刚才去邮局了。 Have yu ever been t Hangzhu? 你曾经去过杭州吗?Mary has never been t the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
(3). Have (has) been t 后面可接次数, 表示去过某地几次。如:I've been t Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 They have been t that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。(4). Have (has) gne t 意为“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之,说话时该人不在现场,一般不用第一、二人称代词作主语。如: —Where is Tm? 汤姆在哪里? —He has gne t the bkshp. 他到书店去了。
例如:He has gne t Hng Kng. 他到香港去了。(他已前往香港, 或在途中, 或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场)He has been t Hng Kng. 他曾到过香港。(说话人认为他过去到过香港, 现在已不在该地。言外之意他对香港有所了解)
fr 和 since 在现在完成时中的应用
fr与since都能与现在完成时连用,但区别较大:(1)fr后须接“时间段” He has studied English fr five years. 他学英语5年了。(2)since后须接“时间点” He has studied English since 1999. 他从1999年开始学英语。
(3)二者可以转换 fr + 一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ag He has been here fr five weeks.= He has been here since five weeks ag. 他到这儿已经有五个星期了。
如:He has taught here since he came t China.自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。We have been friends since we met in schl.我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。
(4) since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时),而fr则不能。
(5)现在完成时常用句型:①It is (has been) +时间段+ since +时间状语或从句It is fur days since last Friday.从上周五到现在已经四天了。It has been tw years since Jim came t Beijing.吉姆来北京已经两年了。
②This is the first (secnd…) time that + 从句 句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。如:This is the first time that Jenny and Danny have been t China.这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。This is the third time that I have seen Karen.这是我第三次见到Karen。
(6)均须与延续性动词连用,也可以与非延 续性动词的否定式连用。如:I have bught this cmputer since fur years ag. (×)I have had this cmputer since fur years ag. (√)I haven’t bught anything fr tw mnths.(√ )I haven't heard frm him fr 3 weeks. (√)
非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换
leave — be away brrw — keepbuy — have begin/start — be ndie — be dead finish --- be ver
get up—be up, cme here — be here,jin — be n +组织机构/be a member 组织机构,g there — be there becme — be, cme back—be back fall asleep — be asleep,
get t/ arrive/reach — be (in), leave — be away frm, get t knw — knwg (get) ut —tie ut, put n—wear,catch a cld —have a cldget married—be married fall ill — be ill
The ld man died 4 years ag. — The ld man has been dead fr 4 years.It is 4 years since the ld man died. —Fur years has passed since the ld man died. He jined the Party 2 years ag. —He has been in the Party fr 2 years.I bught the bk 5 days ag. —I have had the bk fr 5 days.
(7)二者引出的时间状语往往用 hw lng提问。
—Hw lng have yu had this bk? 这本书你买多久了?—Fr a week./Since a week ag. 买一周了。
Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ag. __________________________________2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hurs ag.________________________________________________________________
Rewrite the sentences using fr r since.
Jim has been in Japan fr three days.
They are very hungry because they haven’t had their meal fr ten hurs.
3. I have a camera. I bught it in 2009. _______________________________4. I knw Anna. I first met her three years ag. ___________________________________5. Linda is ill. She became ill n Mnday. ____________________________________
I have had a camera since 2009.
I have knwn Anna fr three years .
Linda has been ill since Mnday .
1. I ______________ (never be) t the water park befre. I want t ____ (g) next mnth befre the weather gets t cld.2. They_______________(never wn) any pets, but they ____________ (always want) t have a dg.3. We__________ (have) a pian since last Nvember. We _________ (buy) it frm the Li family when they mved t the US last year.
Fill in the blanks with the crrect frms f the verbs in brackets.
have never been
have never wned
always want
4. Cathy and Amy _____________ (nt be) back t their hmetwn fr tw years. They ______ (miss) their hmetwn a lt and hpe t visit the place next year.5. This museum __________ (be) here fr ver 20 years. It _____ (be) ne f the ldest buildings in this small twn.
haven’t been
Fill in the questins and ask tw students. Then cmplete the chart.
1. D yu have a (n)_________? Hw lng have yu had it?2. D yu wn a (n)__________? Hw lng have yu wned it?
1. Miss Liu has taught English ______ she came here. A. since B. as C. when D. fr2. Ten years has passed ______ the CCTV event Peple Wh mved China tk place in 2002. A. when B. while C. befre D. since
Practice mre exercises abut since and fr.Preview the next part.
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