外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 2 Onwards and upwards课后测评

这是一份外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 2 Onwards and upwards课后测评
Unit 2 Onwards and upwards课时素养检测六　Unit 2　Period 2Ⅰ. 阅读理解A(2020·攀枝花高二检测)Recently, a scientist did some experiments. He left a group of 4-year-olds in a room with a bell and a candy. If they rang the bell, he would come back and they could eat the candy. If, however, they didn’t ring the bell and waited for him to come back on his own, they could then have two candies. In the videos of the experiments, he can see the children hiding their eyes, trying to exercise self-control so they can wait and get two candies. The results are different. Some broke down and rang the bell within a minute. Others lasted 15 minutes.  The children who waited longer went on to get higher academic scores. They got into better colleges and had better adult success. The children who rang the bell quickest were more likely to have received worse teacher and parental evaluations (评价) 10 years later and were more likely to have drug problems at age 32. The experiments are worth noting because people spend a lot of time thinking about how to improve education, and how to become rich. But when the result is not good, they will come back to ask “how do we get people to get the sort of self-control that leads to success?” This is to enter the world of human nature. So these experiments, along with everyday experience, tell us that self-control is most important. Young people who can sit through sometimes boring classes to get a degree can work hard in order to learn a language well. They can avoid drugs and alcohol. For people without self-control skills, however, school is a series of failed and painful experience. No wonder they drop out and their later life is a group of foolish ideas, such as drug use, stealing and so on. 【语篇概述】本文属于说明文,讲述了自控力和未来成功的关系,实验表明自控力强的人以后成功的机会更大。1. The scientist did some experiments to _______.  A. find good ways of training children to learnB. show that children’s education is importantC. test children’s self-control and later successD. test children’s intelligence of ringing the bell【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第三段“The children who waited longer went on to get higher academic scores. They got into better colleges and had better adult success. ”等待的时间越长的孩子学术成绩越高,长大后会进入更好的大学,获得更好的成功,可知实验的目的在于探索孩子自控力和成功之间的关系,故选C。2. What do the underlined words “broke down” probably mean?A. Failed to wait. 　　　　　 B. Kept waiting. C. Hid the candy. D. Ate the candy. 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段The results are different. Some broke down and rang the bell within a minute. Others lasted 15 minutes. 结果是不一样的,有些孩子在一分钟内摇响铃,而另外一些孩子坚持了15分钟,可知对两类孩子进行了对比,故可以推出break down为崩溃,无法再坚持。故选A。3. How long did the scientist’s experiments last according to the text?A. Just 15 minutes. B. Within 10 years. C. Less than 14 years. D. About 28 years. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第一段He left a group of 4-year-olds in a room with a bell and a candy. 以及第三段“The children who rang the bell quickest were more likely to have received worse teacher and parental evaluations 10 years later and were more likely to have drug problems at age 32. ”可知,开始做实验是孩子4岁的时候,最后于32岁的时候结束,故可知,实验持续了大约28年,故选D项。4. What will the children without self-control do at school according to the text?A. They will improve their education. B. They will suffer a lot from boring lessons. C. They will become very rich and successful. D. They will work hard to catch up with others. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段“For people without self-control skills, however, school is a series of failed and painful experience. ”可知,缺乏自控力的孩子,学业对于他们来说就是连续失败和痛苦的体验,故选B。BWhy are some people better able to fight off the flu than others? Part of the answer, according to a new study, is related to the first flu strain we encountered in childhood. Scientists from UCLA and the University of Arizona have found that people’s ability to fight off the flu virus is determined not only by the subtypes of flu they have had throughout their lives, but also by the sequence(顺序)in which they have been infected by those viruses. Their study was published in the open-access journal PLoS Pathogens. The research offers an explanation for why some people become much worse than others when infected with the same strain of the flu virus. In addition, UCLA scientists, including Professor James Lloyd-Smith, who was also a senior author of the PLoS Pathogens research, recently completed a study that analyzed travel-related screening for the 2019-nCoV(新型冠状病毒). The researchers reported that screening travelers is not very effective for the 2019-nCoV — that it will catch less than half of infected travelers, on average — and that most infected travelers are undetectable, meaning that they have no symptoms yet, and are unaware that they have been exposed. So stopping the spread of the virus is not simply a matter of enhancing screening methods at airports and other travel centers. “This puts the onus on government officials and public health officials to follow up with travelers after they arrive, to isolate them and trace their contacts if they get sick later,” said Lloyd-Smith, a UCLA professor of ecology and evolutionary biology. “Many governments have started to impose quarantine(隔离), or even travel bans, as they realize that screening is not sufficient to stop the spread of the 2019-nCoV. ”One major concern, Lloyd-Smith said, is that other countries, especially developing nations, lack the infrastructure and resources for those measures, and are therefore vulnerable to importing the disease. “Much of the public health world is very concerned about the virus being introduced into Africa or India, where large populations exist that do not have access to advanced medical care,” he said. 5. What is the significance of the scientists’ research?A. It explains the cause of the flu virus. B. It reduces the risk of people being infected. C. It analyzes people’s ability to fight off the virus. D. It stops the spread of the flu virus all around the world. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段可知这项研究解释了为什么有些人在感染同一种流感病毒后病情会变得比其他人严重得多。原因在于人们抵抗流感病毒的能力不仅取决于他们一生中经历的流感的子类型,还取决于他们被病毒感染的顺序。因此这项研究分析了不同的人抵抗病毒有不同的能力。6. What do we know about the 2019-nCoV from Paragraph 3?A. Travelers are at high risk of being exposed to it. B. It is more difficult to stop its spread than expected. C. Most travelers infected with it are detected by screening. D. It spreads especially quickly at airports and railway stations. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段可知对旅客进行筛查,对于新型冠状病毒并不是很有效——平均来说,只能检测到不到一半的旅客感染了这种病毒——而且大多数受感染的旅客是无法检测到的,这意味着他们还没有任何症状,也不知道自己已经接触过这种病毒。因此要阻断其传播比我们预计的要难得多。7. Why does the writer mention Lloyd-Smith’s words in Paragraph 4?A. To persuade people not to travel. 　 B. To provide a method to kill the virus. C. To show the harmful effects of the virus. D. To stress the responsibilities of officials. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。Lloyd-Smith认为政府官员和公共卫生官员有责任在旅行者抵达后对他们进行跟踪,隔离他们,并在他们随后患病时追踪他们的接触者,因此D 项“强调了政府的责任”是正确答案。8. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “vulnerable” in the last paragraph?A. Easy. 　　　　　　　 B. Impossible. 　C. Responsible. D. Indifferent. 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。由前文的“缺乏采取那些措施的基础设施和资源”,可知这些国家很容易输入这种疾病。Ⅱ. 完形填空 When I was a kid, I loved to sing and showed a talent for the drama. I told my parents that I wanted to go to New York and 　1　 Broadway one day, and they always supported me. My voice, 　2　 “pretty good”, wasn’t really Broadway quality and the life of a Broadway singer wasn’t an easy one. They never said no to me. They 　3　 told me I could be someone I wanted to be. They 　4　 me to join a church choir (唱诗班) at times and take voice lessons. In the end I realized that Broadway wasn’t going to be my thing, but I always 　5　 that my parents told me it was possible. Even now as an adult, they push me to accept new 　6　.  Now that I am a mum, the idea of having a child who is motivated seems amazing and, 　7　, a little bit worrying. What if she fails? Will it defeat her? What if she performs in front of an audience and forgets the 　8　 to a song, or what if she is 　9　? But perhaps the most worrisome 　10　 are what if she succeeds, how I would parent a child that is 　11　 successful than I was at that age and how I would encourage my children and teach her.  I don’t have the answers to any of these questions, 　12　 I will encourage my children to follow their 　13　. Having a young child do something that is so extraordinary might seem 　14　. But if your child has a dream, do your very best to help him or her follow it. Who knows? You might just have the 　15　 great world-changer on your bands.  【语篇概述】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者小时候梦想着去百老汇唱歌。尽管作者并不适合百老汇,但是作者的父母一直支持作者。作者根据自己的经历告诉读者: 父母应该鼓励孩子坚持自己的梦想。1. A. sing　　　 B. dance　 　 C. run　　　 D. drive【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。sing 唱歌;dance 跳舞;run 跑步;drive开车。根据前文作者喜欢唱歌可知,作者想要去百老汇唱歌。故答案选A。2. A. also B. yet C. ever D. though【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。also也;yet但是;ever曾经;though尽管。尽管我的嗓音相当好,但不是百老汇风格的。所以答案选D。3. A. always B. sometimesC. seldom D. never【解析】选A。考查副词词义辨析。always 总是;sometimes 有时候;seldom 很少;never从来不。根据前文可知,父母一直是支持我的,所以他们总是让我做我想做的事情, 所以答案选A。4. A. demanded B. encouragedC. persuaded D. promised【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。demand 要求;encourage鼓励;persuade说服; promise承诺。根据前文可知,父母一直支持作者。由此推知,该句应指: 父母鼓励我加入唱诗班。 所以答案选B。5. A. hoped B. doubtedC. agreed D. appreciated【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。hope 希望;doubt怀疑;agree 同意;appreciate感激。最终作者知道自己不适合去百老汇,但是仍然感激父母一直鼓励自己。所以答案选D。6. A. decisions B. favorsC. challenges D. tasks【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。decisions 决定;favors 恩惠;challenges挑战; tasks任务。父母推动我接受新的挑战。所以答案选C。7. A. merely B. honestlyC. fortunately D. shortly【解析】选B。考查副词词义辨析。merely仅仅;honestly 诚实地;fortunately幸运地;shortly不久,立刻。根据句意: 有一个有动力的孩子的想法看起来很令人惊讶,但老实说,有点令人担心。 所以答案选B。8. A. meanings B. postersC. names D. words【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。meaning意思;poster海报;name名字;word歌词。作者担心孩子会出现在观众面前唱歌忘记歌词的情况。所以答案选D。9. A. knocked over B. laughed atC. waken up D. referred to【解析】选B。考查短语词义辨析。knock over弄翻;laugh at嘲笑;wake up醒来;refer to提到。根据前面的what if可知,这些都列举的是作者担心的事,故该处应指: 如果(孩子)被嘲笑了怎么办? 所以答案选B。10. A. times B. news C. questions D. conditions【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。time次数;news新闻;question问题;condition条件。也许最令人担忧的问题是如果她成功了,我怎么教养一个成功的孩子呢?所以答案选C。11. A. more B. less C. just D. little【解析】选A。考查副词词义辨析。more (比较级)更;less (比较级)更少;just仅仅;little少。根据前面的she succeeds可知,作者担心如何教养一个比在自己那时更成功的孩子。所以答案选A。12. A. before B. so C. but D. since【解析】选C。考查连词词义辨析。before在……之前;so 因此;but但是;since自从。我不能够回答这些问题,但是我会鼓励我的孩子追寻他们自己的梦想。 所以答案选C。13. A. dreams B. examplesC. teachers D. parents【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。dream梦想;example例子;teacher教师;parent父(母)。我不能够回答这些问题,但是我会鼓励我的孩子追寻他们自己的梦想。所以答案选A。14. A. misfortunate B. unimportantC. misleading D. unlikely【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。misfortunate 不幸的;unimportant不重要的;misleading 误导人的;unlikely不可能的。让一个年幼的孩子做一件如此非凡的事情似乎是不太可能的。所以答案选D。15. A. first B. next C. last D. only【解析】选B。考查副词词义辨析。first第一;next下一个;last 最后;only仅仅,只有。上一句提到,如果你的孩子有梦想,你要竭尽全力帮助他追寻梦想。由此可以推知,该处应该表示,你可能会培养出一个非常成功的孩子,他有可能成为下一个改变世界的人。所以答案选B。【技法导练】如何解决推理判断题推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,做出一定的判断和推理,从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题,做这类题目时,同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等,找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语,然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断,从而得出符合逻辑的结论。