10.独立主格结构 课件-【百强校】新疆乌鲁木齐市第一中学2021届高三英语语法知识点复习

这是一份10.独立主格结构 课件-【百强校】新疆乌鲁木齐市第一中学2021届高三英语语法知识点复习，共25页。PPT课件主要包含了本节内容概述，巩固练习，本节内容小结等内容，欢迎下载使用。

□独立主格结构的理解及其应用□独立主格结构与从句的转换
独立主格结构的理解及其应用
一. 独立主格结构的基本知识1. 定义：非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句中作状语，这种结构属于独立主格结构。很多情况下，独立主格结构可以看做状语从句的缩略形式，属于句子紧缩的一个重要方式，一般只用于书面语。2. 基本结构：名词/代词+非谓语动词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
一. 独立主格结构的基本知识3. 特点：（1）非谓语动词前后两部分有逻辑上的主谓关系，作为逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的非谓语动词、形容词、副词、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。（2）with也可看作独立主格结构的一种形式。（3）独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作时间、原因、条件、方式和伴随状语等。（4）独立主格结构可修饰整个句子，位置灵活，可置于主句前、主句中或主句末，常用逗号将其与主句分开。
二. 独立主格结构的基本形式独立主格结构的形式大体分为两种，一类为名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。另一类为with/withut 引导的复合结构，相当于在前述各种独立主格结构前加上with/withut。
二. 独立主格结构的基本形式1. 名词/代词 + 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。eg: The man lay there, his hands trembling. S many students being absent, the meeting had t be put ff.注：“独立结构”中的 being 或 having been 有时可以省去，形成一种名词或代词+名词、形容词、副词、介词短语的结构形式。
二. 独立主格结构的基本形式2. 名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。eg: The by lay n his back, his hands crssed under his head. The jb nt finished, we culdn’t see the film. Her shirt caught n a nail, she culd nt mve.
二. 独立主格结构的基本形式3. 名词/代词+不定式不定式表示的是将来的动作。eg: These are the first tw bks, the third ne t cme ut next mnth. We shall get tgether at 7:30, the prcessin（游行）t start mving at 8 sharp.
二. 独立主格结构的基本形式4. 名词/代词+名词名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。eg: Many peple jined in the wrk, sme f them wmen and children. He fught the tiger，a stick his nly weapn.
二. 独立主格结构的基本形式5. 名词/代词+形容词短语形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。eg: The flr wet and slippery, we had t stay utside fr a while. I heard that she gt injured in the accident，my heart full f srry.这两个句子也可以看成是省略了 being，如果加上，就变成了现在分词分句。
二. 独立主格结构的基本形式6. 名词/代词+副词副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。例：The meeting ver, we all went hme.Nbdy in, he left a message n the bard.
二. 独立主格结构的基本形式7. 名词/代词+介词短语介词短语说明其前名词或代词的方式或状态。eg: The teacher came in, a bk under his arm. Nbdy at hme, the thief tk a lt f things away.
二. 独立主格结构的基本形式8. with 的复合结构：
独立主格结构与从句的转换
我们需要知道的是，独立结构作为一种书面语，可以看做状语从句的缩略形式。英语中状语一共有11种（时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、目的、比较、方式、让步、程度、伴随），而状语从句仅有9种（除程度和伴随）。状语从句和独立主格结构的转换，在英语写作方面重要性可见一斑。如能掌握，将会使文章表达高级化，文学化。需要注意的是，with 的复合结构一类的独立主格结构一般不转换为从句，多表示伴随。
1. All f the assignments finished, he let ut a sigh with relief. After all f the assignments had been finished, S many students being absent, the meeting had t be put ff. As s many students are absent, Nbdy in, he left a message n the bard. Because there was nbdy in, Time permitting, I will attend the cnference. If time permits,
5. Since Jack cncealed the truth, his father gt exasperated. Jack cncealing the truth, his father gt exasperated.6. If tmrrw is fine, we shall g n an excursin in the frest. Tmrrw being fine, we shall g n an excursin in the frest.7. After appliances were arranged prperly, the meeting was ready t begin. Appliances arranged prperly, the meeting was ready t begin8. Befre the viaduct was cnstructed, the wrkers had been wrking day and night. The viaduct nt cnstructed, the wrkers had been wrking day and night.
1. With sme infrastructure （基础设施）in Hng Kng __________ due t the rit （骚乱） f sme peple in the past few mnths, it has caused incnvenience fr average peple.A. having damagedB. t be damagedC. damagedD. damaging
2. Five firms ______ fr the cntract n the new buildings, the cmpetitin was fierce.A. t be bidB. bid C. biddingD. had bid
3. Abraham set himself up in frnt f his daughter, hands ________ her hair, and was clse t tears, reluctant t tear himself frm her.A. t ty withB. tying withC. tyed withD. being tyed with
4. Recently, vilent crimes f beating, lting and burning in Hng Kng brke ut, ______ an inncent ld man and with mre than 80 ______.A. killed; wundedB. killing; injuredC. killed; injuringD. killing; hurt
独立主格结构的理解及其应用独立主格结构与从句的转换