高考英语语法一轮复习——定语从句（共50张PPT）

这是一份高考英语语法一轮复习——定语从句（共50张PPT），共50页。PPT课件主要包含了一 定义及主要术语， 定语从句，先行词，关系词，定语从句， 先行词， 关系词，如何判断介词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。
引导定语从句的词。I knw the man wh lives next dr.
被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句
常用的关系代词:（充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分）that、 which、 wh、whm、whse、as 等常用的关系副词:（充当状语）when、why、 where
二. 关系代词引导定语从句
1. wh: 指人， 在从句中作主语。I like the students wh wrk hard. Yesterday I helped an ld man wh lst his way.
2. whm: 指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略。 He's a man (whm) we shuld learn frm.The man (whm) yu met just nw is called Jim.
3. whse: 可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。A child whse parents are dead is called an rphan.（指人）whse parents= the parents f whmI'd like a rm whse windw faces suth. （指物）
4. which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。The lamp which was n the desk was bught by my father.（主语）The bk (which) I bught yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）He was prud, which his brther never was. （表语）Tm spent fur years in cllege, during which time he learned French.（定语）
5. that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于wh或 whm；指物时，相当于which)A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult t read. (主语)Yu can take anything (that) yu like. （宾语）She's n lnger the girl (that) she used t be befre.（表语）
6. as 的用法①用于the same …as ; the same as；such …as …结构中。I have the same bk as yu (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。Dn‘t d such things as yu are nt sure abut. 不要做你不确定的事。
【比较1】I live in the same huse that he used t live in. （同一间房子） I'm wearing the same shirt as yu wre yesterday. （相像的，不是同一件T恤）【比较2】Here is s big a stne as n ne can lift. （定语从句） Here is s big a stne that n ne can lift it.（结果状语从句）
②单独引导一个定语从句，译为"正如"。As we all knw, smking is harmful t ne's health . (as 作宾语)=As is knwn t all, smking is harmful t ne's health . （as 作主语）=It's knwn t all that smking is harmful t ne's health .
As we can see, he is hnest. (宾语)He was a freigner, as I knew frm his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)The number f senir high schl students is increasing, as is mentined abve.
三. “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句
This is the bk (that/which) yu asked fr.=This is the bk fr which yu asked.D yu knw the persn (whm/wh/that) I shk hands with?=D yu knw the persn with whm I shk hands？
若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whm，不可用wh, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whse。
正：The wman with whm yu talked just nw is my teacher. 误：The wman with wh/that yu talked just nw is my teacher. 正：This is the rm in which he used t live.误：This is the rm in that he used t live.
Here cmes the girl f whse singing perfrmances we speak , in whse hspital my sn was brn last year, is a wrld famus scientist.
1）看定语从句中，动词和介词的搭配。Gun cntrl is a subject Americans have argued fr a lng time . A. f which B. with which C. abut which D. int whichargue abut sth with sb答案：C
2) 看定语从句中，形容词和介词的搭配Cpper is ne f the metals we are mst which B.with which C.where D.which sb be familiar with sth= sth be familiar t sb答案: B
3）根据先行词判断，所用的介词和先行词搭配。This is ur classrm, in frnt f which there is a teacher's desk.
2. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面，如：lk at, lk fr, lk after, take care f等。This is the girl whm they are lking after.This is the watch which / that I am lking fr.
3. “介词+关系代词”前还可有sme, any, nne, all, bth, neither, many, mst, each , few等代词或者数词。There are frty students in ur class in all, mst f whm are frm big cities.
The ld man has tw sns, bth f whm are famus dctrs.In the basket there are quite many apples, sme f which have gne bad.
四. 关系副词引导定语从句
1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词，如：time, day, week, year, mnth, etc.He came last night when I was ut.We will put ff the picnic until next week, when the weather wuld be better.
【比较】I still remember the day when /n which my brther jined the army.（作状语）I still remember the days which/that we spent tgether. （作宾语）
2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, schl, factry, rm, etc.This is the place where I was brn.I live in the rm where /in which he used t live.
【比较】This is the factry where /in which he wrked last year. （作状语）This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语）
先行词case, pint, situatin 可以看作表抽象地点的先行词, 当从句缺状语成分时,定语从句的引导词用关系副词where引导。I think yu have gt t the pint where a change is needed, r yu wuld fail.He's gt himself int a dangerus situatin where he's likely t lse cntrl f the plane.We will discuss sme cases where beginners f English fail t use the language preperly.
3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reasn 时，可用fr which指代。The reasn why / fr which he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.
【补充】当先行词为the way时，定语从句常用that, in which，that常可以省略。This is the way (that) /in which I d such things.
五. 限制性非限制性定语从句的区别
1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，若去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。
This is the bk I like best. （限定性）这就是我最喜欢的那本书。Beijing, which has been China's capital fr mre than 800 years , is rich in cultural and histric relics. （非限定性）北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。
六. 只能用that, 不用which情况
①先行词为不定代词, all, much, smething, everything, anything, nthing, nne, the ne等。We shuld d all that is useful t the peple.There's nthing that can be said abut it .
②先行词被nly, any, few, little, n, just, very, ne f等词修饰时。The nly thing that we culd d was t wait.That's the very wrd that is wrngly used.【比较】This is ne f the best nvels that were published last year. This is the nly ne f the best nvels that was published last year.
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。When we talk abut Wuxi, the first that cmes int mind is Tai Lake.④被修饰词为数词时.Yesterday I caught tw fish and put them in a basin f water. Nw yu can see the tw that are still alive .
⑤先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。This is the best that can be dne nw.⑥先行词既有人又有物，用which和wh都不适合，这时宜用that。The rider and his bike that had run ver an ld wman were held up by the plice.
七. 只能用which，不用that情况
①当关系代词的前面有介词时.A z is a park in which many kinds f animals are kept fr exhibitin.
②在非限制性定语从句中.Cruse's dg, which was are nw very ld, became ill and died .③当关系代词后面带有插入语时.Here's the English grammar which, as I have tld yu, will help imprve yur English.
1.The place _______interested me mst was the Children's Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which答案：A
2.This is the htel _______last mnth.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed答案：D
3.I want t use the same dictinary ______was used yesterday.A. which B. wh C. what D. as答案：D
4.He talked a lt abut things and persns ________they remembered in the schl.A. which B. that C. whm D. what答案：B
5.Yu're the nly persn ______I've ever met ______culd d it.A. wh;/ B./; whm C. whm;/ D./; wh答案：D
6. Mzart’s birthplace and the huse ______ he cmpsed “The Magic Flute” are bth museums nw.A. where B. when C. there D. which答案：A
7. A persn ______ e-mail accunt is full wn’t be able t send r receive any e-mails.A. wh B. whm C. whse D. whever答案：C
8.Life is like a lng race _____we cmpete with thers t g beynd urselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where答案：D
9. My friend shwed me rund the twn, ______ was very kind f him.A. which B. that C. where D. it答案：A
10.Because f the financial crisis, days are gne _____ lcal 5-star htels charged 6,000 yuan fr ne night. A. ifB. when C. which D. since答案：B
11. New Yrk is famus fr its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼)_____ has mre than 100 streys.A. the higher f them B. the highest f whichC. the highest f them D. sme f which答案：B