中考英语语法专题二：连词学案

这是一份中考英语语法专题二：连词学案，共5页。学案主要包含了并列连词，从属连词，引导状语从句的从属连词，引导宾语从句的从属连词，引导定语从句的从属连词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
中考语法专题二：连词   知识点一  连词的含义及分类          连词是用来连接单词、短语、从句或句子的虚词，在句中不单独用作句子成分。连词按照其性质可以分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句、或句子；从属连词主要引导状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句。  知识点二 并列连词一、表示并列关系的并列连词这类词主要有:and  和  ；both.......and.........  ......和.....都；not only.......but also...不仅......而且.......; neither.....nor.....既不....也不....;as well as 也，又。 eg. Go along the street and you'll find the library.沿着这条街走，你就会找到图书馆。   Both my father and mother are workers,我的爸爸和妈妈都是工人。（both....and...连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数）    Not only you but also he wants go hiking.不仅你，而且他也想去徒步旅行。   Neither I nor he has been to Beijing before.我和他以前都没有去过北京。  （not only....but also..和 neither....nor....连接并列主语时，谓语动词要与最近的主语保持一致，即符合就近一直原则）        He as well as I is responsible for it.不但是我，他对此时也有责任。      （as...well..as连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数要与第一个名词或代词保持一致） 二、表示选择关系的并列连词此类词有：or或者；否则 ； either....or...要么....要么......；rather than 而不是 ；whether....or.....是......还是.........    eg. Which do you prefer , white or black ?你更喜欢哪一个，白色还是黑色？      Put on your coat , or you’ll catch a cold . 穿上你的外套，否者你会感冒的。      Either you or I am right. 要么你是对的，要么我是对的。     （either...or...连接并列主语时，谓语动词符合就近一直原则）      Please tell us whether to go or stay .请告诉我们是去还是留下。      He is an explorer rather than a sailor .与其说他是个海员不如说他是个探险者。注意！祈使句 + or + 陈述句  前后是对立的祈使句 + and + 陈述句  前后是顺承的eg. Study hard , or you won’t pass the exam . 否则你会通不过你的考试。   努力学习，                         and you will pass the exam . 你就会通过考试。两者都可以转化为if 引导的条件状语从句，但是要去掉 or 和 and。eg. If you don’t study hard , you won’t pass the exam .   If you study hard , you will pass the exam .  三、表示转折关系的并列连词此类词有：but 但是， while 然而， however 然而。eg. I want to help you , but I really don’t know what to do .我想帮你，但是我真的不知道该做些什么。Tina didn't pass the final exam .However,she didn’t lose heart .蒂娜没有通过考试，然而，她没有灰心。 注意！but 与 however 意思相近，但是but常用语口语，however是比较正式的说法；but放在句中，however可放于句首、句中、句末。but之后一般不使用逗号，而however则必须用逗号与句子的其他部分分开。    Jane is hard-working while her sister is quite lazy .简工作很努力，而她的妹妹却相当懒。 四、表示因果关系的并列连词此类词有：so因此 ； for 因为，由于 ； for 补充说明理由，不用于句首 ；so表示结果。eg. He is not at school , for he has a bad cold today .他没有在学校，因为他今天得了严重的感冒。   I am very tired , so I want to have a rest .我很累了，所以我想休息一下。 典例1    He speaks      English         French . Instead , he speaks German .   A . either ; or            B. not only ; but alsoboth ; and            D.neither ; nor 典例2Practice more ,       you’ll do better in playing chess   A . but           B. andC . when          D. after 典例3Would you like to go to the cartoon show with me？It’s sounds like fun,      I’m too busy.A .so            B . for          C. or    D . but 知识点三 从属连词一．引导时间状语从句的从属连词此类词有：when 当.....的时候， while 当....的时候，as 当.....的时候，as soon as 一.   ......就....... , until 直到 ，since 自从 ，after 在.....之后，before 在.....之前。    eg. When I got to the theatre , I found that they had sold out all the tickets.      当我到达剧院时，我发现票已经售完。      While I was watching TV , my sister was doing her homework.      当我正在看电视时，我妹妹正在做作业。      I read the letter as I walked along the river.      我一边沿着河走一边读这封信。注意：   when、while、as都表示“当.....的时候”，但when引导的从句中谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，主、从句发生的动作可以同时发生，也可以有先后；while 引导的从句的谓语动词只能是延续的，侧重主从句同时发生；as引导持续性动作，主、从句动作同时发生强调“一边......,一边......”。As soon as he arrives , I will call you .   他一到我就给你打电话。         （主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，即符合“主将从现”结构）     Mr.Green waited until his children came back . 格林先生一直等到孩子们回来。    I didn’t go to bed until my mother came back .  直到妈妈回来我才去睡觉。 注意！         当主语的谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句用肯定形式，表示动作或状态一直持续到until所表示的时间为止，此时until意为“直到.....” ；当主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时，主句用否定形式，即not...until...，意为“直到....才.....”，表示主句的动作直到until所表示的时间才开始。 二、引导条件状语从句的从属连词            此类词有：if 如果 ， unless 除非 ， as long as 只要。      if , unless , as long as ,引导条件状语从句时，若主句为一般将来时或祈使句含有情态动词can、may、must等时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，即“主将从现”。     eg . If you go to the party ,you will have a great time .如果你去参加聚会，你将会玩得很高兴。         You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.        =If you don’t hurry up , you will miss the bus.如果你不快点就会错过公交车。         As long as you work hard ,you will succeed .只要你好好学习，你就会成功。 拓展：if 也可以引导宾语从句，意为“是否” ；而在条件状语句子中意思是“如果”三、引导原因状语从句的从属连词      此类词有：because 因为， as 由于，since既然because 语气最强烈，表示直接原因，用来回答why 引导的问句。另外，because和so不能出现在同一个句子中，只能用其中之一，翻译成汉语时，仍然是“因为......,所以....”。     eg. I was late for school because I didn’t catch the early bus.      = I didn’t catch the early bus so I was late for school.      因为我没有赶上早班车，所以我上学迟到了。   since  因为、既然，语气较because弱，since 引导的从句常位于主语前。      eg. Since everyone is here, let’s begin our lesson.既然大家都来了，我们上课吧。   as 由于，语气最弱，常说明比较明显的原因。     eg . As it is cold outside ,we will put on our overcoats. 因为外面冷，所以我们要穿上长大衣。  四、引导目的状语从句的从属连词          此类词有：so that 为了，以便  ， in order that 以便，为了。           So that 和 in order that 引导的目的状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可和          so as to do 和 in order to do结构互换。eg. The teacher spoke loudly so that / in order that we could hear him clearly.老师说话声音很大，以便我们能够清晰地听到他说话。     He worked day and night so that / in order to that he could succeed .   =He worked day and night so as to / in order to succeed.      他夜以继日地工作，为的是取得成功。  五、引导结果状语从句的从属连词此类词有：so因此、所以，so...that..../such.....that......如此......以至于.......。He studied hard ,so he passed the exam . 他学习努力，因此他通过了考试。1.so+形容词/副词+that从句eg. This box is so heavy that I can't carry it . 这个箱子太重，我搬不动。       so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句=such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词 + that从句eg. She is so lovely a girl that we all like her. 她是一个如此可爱的女孩，我们都喜欢她。=She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.       such + 形容词 + 复数名词/不可数名词 + that从句eg.It’s such good advice that I’ll accept it. 这个建议很好，我会接受它。  They are such kind-hearted teacher that people in the village all respect them .他们都是非常善良的老师，村庄里的人们都很尊重他们。       当名词前有many、much、little（少）、few等词修饰时，只能用so，不能用such。常构成“so many / much ，little，few + 名词 + that从句”结构。eg.He has so many books that I can’t count them .他有很多书，我数也数不清。 注意！so...that...句式有时可以和too...to...或（not）...enough to do sth.结构互换。  eg.He is so young that he can’t go to school.他太小了，还不能上学。   = He is too young to go to school.   =He is not old enough to go to school. 六 引导状语从句的从属连词   此类词有though / although 虽然、尽管  ，  even if / even though 即使。   eg. Although / Though it is a very small country , it is very rich.   虽然它是个很小的国家，但是它却很富有。   Although / Though 不能和but 出现在同一个句子里，只能用其中一个   Even if/ though you were here yesterday ,you couldn’t help him. 七 引导宾语从句的从属连词   此类词有：if/whether 是否 ，when什么时候， why 为什么 ，where在哪里that（没有词义，仅起引导从句的作用）等。  eg, We know that the earth goes around the sun .我们知道地球围着太阳转。  Can you tell me if/whether he will come tomorrow ? 你能告诉我他明天是否会来吗？  I want to know why he was late for school yesterday.我想知道他昨天为什么迟到。 八 引导定语从句的从属连词   此类词有：that ，who ，which，whom，when，where，why 和 whose。   eg.I prefer the music that I can dance to. 我喜欢我能随之跳舞的音乐。     This is the village where he was burn. 这就是他出生的村庄      The man whose hair is white is his grandfather.那头发花白的人是他爷爷。 典例1   Rules are helpful to us,       we have to follow them .        so       B.but      C.or       D.because 典例2   Will you please give this message to Helen ?   Sure.I’ll give it to her         she arrives here.        until     B.although    C.before    D.as soon as 典例3I really enjoy Chinese foodMe too. My mouth was watering       I watched the TV program  A Bite of China.A.when      B.before        C.since       D.after