- 中考英语语法专题二：连词学案 学案 2 次下载
- 中考英语语法专题三：代词学案 学案 1 次下载
- 中考英语语法专题五：形容词副词学案 学案 1 次下载
- 中考英语语法专题六：名词学案 学案 1 次下载
- 中考英语语法专题七：动词学案 学案 1 次下载
中考英语语法专题四：冠词学案
展开中考语法专题四：冠词
冠词
I. 不定冠词a, an的用法：
1 | 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of | A plane is a machine that can fly. |
2 | 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 | A boy is waiting for you. |
3 | 表示“每一”相当于every，one | We study eight hours a day. |
4 | 表示“相同”相当于the same | We are nearly of an age. |
5 | 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 | A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out. That boy is rather a Lei Feng. |
6 | 用于固定词组中 | A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time |
7 | 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 | This room is rather a big one. |
8 | 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 | She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. |
II. 定冠词the的用法：
1 | 表示某一类人或物 | The horse is a useful animal. |
2 | 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 | the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean |
3 | 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 | Would you mind opening the door? |
4 | 用于乐器前面 | play the violin, play the guitar |
5 | 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 | the rich, the poor, the wounded |
6 | 表示“一家人”或“夫妇” | the Greens, the Wangs |
7 | 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 | He is the taller of the two children. |
8 | 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前 | the United States, the French the Communist Party of China |
9 | 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 | The compass was invented in China. |
10 | 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 | in the 1990’s |
11 | 用于表示单位的名词前 | I hired the car by the hour. |
12 | 用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前 | He patted me on the shoulder. |
III. 零冠词的用法：
1 | 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前 | Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air |
2 | 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 | I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this? |
3 | 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 | March, Sunday, National Day, spring |
4 | 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 | Lincoln was made President of America. |
5 | 学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前 | He likes playing football/chess. |
6 | 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 | by train, by air, by land |
7 | 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 | husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night |
8 | 表示泛指的复数名词前 | Horses are useful animals. |
二.a和an的区别
不定冠词有a和an两种形式:
a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，例如：a boy，a university，a European country；
an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。 例如：an hour，an honor，an island，an elephant， an umbrella
三.不定冠词的用法
1．泛指某一类人或事物中的一个，代表某一类别（不一定译为“一”）
如： His father is a doctor. 他父亲是医生。
2．代表某一类人或事物，相当于any（+名词）（不必译为“一”，但必须用a，表示类别）
如： A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
3．指某人或某物（不是指某一类），但不具体说明何人或何物（一般译为“一”）
如： This book was written by a worker. 这本书是一位工人写的。
4．表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈（一般译为“一”）
如： Wait a moment. 等一下。
5．表示单位，相当于“每”的意思
如： We have three meals a day. 我们每日吃三餐。
6．用于某此固定词组中 例如： a few, a little, a bit (of), a lot of等。
四.定冠词的用法
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。如： Give me the book. 把那本书给我。
2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如：open the window，please.请打开窗户。
Where is the doctor? 医生在哪儿？
3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如：I have a car, the car is red.我有一辆小汽车，它是红色的。
4.指世界上独一无二的事物。 例如：Which is bigger，the sun or the earth？哪一个大，太阳还是地球？
5.用在序数词，形容词最高级前。例如：
the first lesson is the easiest one in this book.第一课是这本书最简单的一课。
Mr Wang teaches the first class. 王先生上第一节课。
Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. 在所有的恒星中，太阳离地球最近。
6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如，the Great wall 长城，the United States美国
7.用在单数可数名词，表示某一类人或事物 如：The horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
7.用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。例如:the poor穷人,the blind盲人,the sick 病人 the dead 死人 ,the rich 富人
8用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。例如：the greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩
9.用在方位词前。例如:on the left在左边，in the middle of在中间
10.用在乐器名称前。例如：she plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴。
11.用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。
例如：the black sea黑海，the Yangzi River长江
12.用在某些固定词组中：
all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同时；
by the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在户外，在野外
五.零冠词的用法
1.在专有名词前。例如，class two二班，tian’an men square天安门广场，
2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my，your，his，her等)、
指示代词(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及所有格限制时。
例如: my book(正)；my the book(误)
3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。
例如，they are teachers.他们是老师。
tigers like meat.老虎喜欢吃肉
4.在星期，月份，季节，节日前。
例如：on Sunday在周日，in March在三月，in Spring在春天，on Women’s Day在妇女节
(特例：如果月份，季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时，则要加定冠词：
he joined the army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。)
5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：Tom汤姆，Mum妈妈
6.在学科名称，三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如：I have lunch at school every day.
特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：
i can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。
where’s the football？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)
7.在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。例如：no.25 middle school
8.某些固定词组中不用冠词。
(1)与by连用的交通工具名称前：by bus乘公共汽车；by car乘汽车；by bike骑/坐自行车；
by train乘火车；by air/plane乘飞机；by sea/ship乘船，
但take a bus，in a boat，on the bike前需用冠词
(2)名词词组：day and night日日夜夜；brother and sister兄弟姐妹;
hour after hour时时刻刻；here and there到处
(3)介词词组：at home在家；in surprise惊奇地；at noon在中午;on foot步行；at night在晚上；
on duty值日；at work在工作；on time准时；for example例如；
in class在上课；on show展览；in bed在床上
(4)go短语：go home回家；go to bed上床睡觉；go to school去上学；go to work去上班；
go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼
六.用与不用冠词的差异
in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里
go to sea出海/go to the sea去海边
on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上，在世上
in front of在……(外部的)前面/in the front of在……(内部的)前面
take place发生/take the place(of)代替
at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁
by sea乘船/by the sea在海边
in future从今以后，将来/in the future未来
go to school(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/go to the school(church…)到学校(教堂…)去
on horseback骑着马/on the horseback在马背上
two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)
out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的，办不到的
next year明年/the next year 第二年
a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)
七、例题剖析
例1.he gave my sister ＿＿＿＿useful book yesterday.
a. an b. a c. / d. the
例2.my brother is＿＿＿＿ honest boy， so he has many friends.
a. a b. an c. the d. /
例3.more college graduates would like to work in＿＿＿＿ west part of country＿＿＿＿ next year.
a. the; the b. /; / c. /; the d. the; /
例4.there is a big tree＿＿＿＿ the house.
a. in the front of b. in front of
c. in front d. at class
例5.jim always answers the teacher’s questions _______.
a. in class b. in the class
c. after class d. at class
1.在空格内填上a或an
1. _____ear 2.______actor 3. _____hen
4. ______toy 5. ______university 6. ______elephant
7. ______hat 8.______umbrella 9.______rabbit
10.______idea 11.______hour 12_______ honest boy
13.______interesting book 14.______easy question
15.______orange dress 16_______apple
2.用a,an,the或“/”填空
1.________Washington is _______capital of ________United States of America.
2.There is _________”A” on his paper.
3. I ate ______apple .It’s _______red apple.
4._______tall man over there is my boss.
5._______earth moves around_______sun.
6.No news is ________good news.
7.Have you visited _______Great Wall?
8.They often play_______football after school.
9.Children need _______love and_______attention.
10.Are there any birds in_______sky?
11. _______student in the third row is_______tallest in our class.
12.Did you have _______ breakfast this morning?
13.Mr.White will go to_______Tokyo by _______ air.
14.By_______ way,do you know_______old woman in glasses?
3.选择填空
1.Mom tells her little daughter _______old story every night.
A. a B. / C. an D. the
2. _______computer on the table is Susan’s.
A. A B. An C. The D. /
3.There is _______map of the world on_______wall. _______map is mine.
A. a, a, A B. a, the, The C. the, the, The D. the, the, A
4. _______Whites live on _______ floor.
A. /, three B. A, third C. The, third D.The, the third
5. _______Spring comes after_______winter.
A. /, / B.The, / C.The, the D.A, the
6.I bought_______shoes yesterday. _______ shoes are very beautiful.
A. a, The B. a pair of, The C. the, The D. a pair, The pair
7.He was_______soldier in the Second World War.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
8.She can play _______and _______.
A. the tennis, the guitar B. tennis, guitar
C. the tennis, guitar D. tennis, the guitar
9.I can see _______moon and_______ clouds in the sky.
A. the, a B. a, a C. the, / D. the, the
10. _______ “c” is in “cat.” _______ “s” is in “sat.”
A. An, An B. An, A C. A, A D. A, An
11. _______Tian’anmen Square is in _______ Beijing.
A. /, / B. A, / C. The, / D. /, the
12.—Can you tell me _______nearest bookshop?
—Go straight and turn right at_______third crossing, and you will see it.
A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, /
随堂监测A组
I. 在下列句子的空格中填上适当的冠词，不需要的地方用“/”表示：
1. This is ______ old map. It is ______ useful map.
2. We have no classes in ______ afternoon on _______ Saturday.
3. ______ spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _______second.
4. Beijing is ______ capital of ______ China. It is _______ beautiful city.
5. Roman was not built in ______ day.
6. Chinese is quite ______ difficult language for Mike.
7. Many ______ students will take ______ active part in sports meet.
8. There is ______ interesting picture on ______ wall.
9. Jenny found ______ wallet lying on ______ground. ______ wallet was Mr. Black’s.
10. Which is ______ biggest, ______ sun, ______ moon, or ______ earth?
11. --- Which picture is more beautiful? --- ______one on ______ left, I think.
12. --- Which is _____ way to ______ hospital?
--- Go down this road and turn left on ______ second crossing.
13. _______ more, _______ better.
14. _______ Turners are sitting at breakfast table.
15. Joe Hill was _______ fighter for ______ working class.
16. When was ______ People’s Republic of China founded?
17. In China ______ first English textbooks were published in _____late nineteenth century.
18. After ______ breakfast he went to ______ school on ______ foot.
19. ______ Huanghe River lies in ______ north of China.
20. He likes playing ______ football. His sister likes playing ______ piano.
随堂监测B组
选择填空
1. There is ______ old woman in the car.
A. / B. the C. a D. an
2. Shanghai is in _______ east of China.
A. / B. an C. the D. a
3. Bill is ______ English teacher. He likes playing ______ football.
A. a, the B. an, the C. a, / D. /, /
4. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _____ hour to go there by ______ bus.
A. an, / B. an, a C. a, / D. /, /
5. The story is ______ interesting. That means it is ______ interesting story.
A. an, the B. the, a. C. /, an D. /, a
6. Let’s go for ______ walk, shall we?
A. a B. an C. the D. /
7. This is ______ interesting story-book and it is also ______ useful one.
A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a D. a, an
8. _______ woman over there is ______ popular teacher in our school.
A. A, an B. The, a C. The , the D. A, the
9. They passed our school ______ day before yesterday.
A. an B. one C. a D. the
10. Australia is ______ English-speaking country.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
11. Don’t play ______ basketball here. It’s dangerous.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
12. This is ______ apple. It’s _______ big apple.
A. an, a B. a, the C. a, an D. an, the
13. --- Have you seen ______ bag? I left it here just now.
--- Is it ______ one on the chair near the door?
A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a
14. I have ______ blue coat.
A. a B. an C. the D. some
15. This is _____ orange. _______ orange is on the table.
A. a, The B. an, The C. an, An D. the, An
16. Have you had ______ breakfast?
A. a B. an C. the D. /
17. He wondered when the doctor could finish _____ operation.
A. a B. an C. the D. any
18. After ______ supper, he stayed at home and played ______ violin.
A. the, the B. /, the C. /, a D. /, /
19. There is ______ apple on the plate.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
20. He said that he got ______ “ C” in the test.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
21. ______ new bridge has been built over ______ Huangpu River.
A. The, a B. A, / C. A, the D. An, an
22. English is _______ useful language in ______ world.
A. an, the B. a, the C. the, the D. an, an
23. In the word “ cariage” _______ “ r” is lost.
A. the B. an C. a D. /
24. With the help of his teacher he studied hard and got ______ “ A” in the test.
A. a B. an C. the D. one
25. I have two dogs. ______ black one is two years old and ______ yellow one is three years old.
A. A, a B. The, a C. The, the D. A. the
26. Li Dan can play ______ piano very well.
A. / B. a C. an D. the
27. What ______ interesting film it is! I like ______ film very much.
A. a, the B. a, a C. an, the D. The, /
28. ______ tall man over there is our ______ English teacher.
A. A, the B. The, a C. A, an D. The, /
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