中考英语语法专题九：宾语从句学案

这是一份中考英语语法专题九：宾语从句学案，共15页。学案主要包含了知识讲解，选择，巩固练习，课堂运用等内容，欢迎下载使用。

中考语法专题九：宾语从句

一、知识讲解
知识点1：什么是定义？
在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句。 
We   know   him.                     简单句
主语  谓语   宾语  
We   know   that   he likes English.     复合句
主语  谓语   连词  宾语从句
知识点2：宾语从句的结构
  宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。 
1. 作动词的宾语 
例如：（1）I heard that he joined the army. 
（2）She did not know what had happened.
（3）I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 
2 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。
例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation
3. 作形容词的宾语 
例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.  
That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： 
anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankfu

知识点3：宾语从句的连接词的用法
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。常用的连接词有：that; if; whether; what; which; who; whom; when; where; how; why等。
 连接词
  词义及功能
  例句
  that
  无词义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略
Do   you think (that) it will rain?
  He said (that) he could come on time.
  if/ whether
  意为“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略
Let us know whether / if you can finish the work   before Friday.
  I don’t care whether you like the story or not.

  what, whatever
  意为“什么”；“无论什么”，作主语或者宾语
I wonder what I should do next.
  which, whichever
  意为“哪个”；“无论哪个”，作主语，宾语或定语
Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?
  who, whoever, whom,   whomever
  意为“谁”；“无论谁”，作主语或者宾语
Could you tell me who/ whom she is looking for? 
  whose
  意为“谁的”，作定语
She   asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.
  when; whenever
  意为“什么时候”；“无论何时”，作时间状语
Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?
  where; wherever
  意为“什么地方”；“无论何地”，作地点状语
Can you tell us where your father works?
  how, however
  意为“怎么样”；“无论怎样”，作方式状语
Do you know how they found the place?
  why
  意为“为什么”，作原因状语
I wonder why he did that.

1. 【考查点】宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导。在口语中that常被省略。
如：I know(that) you are a student.
2. 【考查点】宾语从句是一般疑问句时，用if或whether来引导。 if, whether意为“是否”，whether还可以与or not连用。
如：Lily wanted to know if her grandma liked the handbag.
莉莉想知道她的姐姐是否喜欢这个手提袋。
3. 【考查点】宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，用疑问词引导。
如：He didn’t tell me where he was going.
他没告诉我他想去哪儿。
Can you tell me what he said just now？
你能告诉我他刚才说什么吗？
【课堂练习】
一、选择合适的连接词填空：
1. Wang Hai told me________(how/why) he didn’t go hiking yesterday afternoon.
2. Can you tell me________(who/whom)else is going to be on duty today?
3. She said________(that/if)it wouldn’t matter much.
4. He always thinks________(how/who)he can do better.
5. I really don’t know ________(how long/how soon)the bridge will be finished.
6. They don’t know ________(when/what)we are going hiking.
7. She wanted to know________(when/if)her coat would be ready the next day.
8. I was really surprised at________(what/where) I saw.
9. I don’t know________(how/why) so many people are crowding round him.
10. Do you know________(whose/who’s)shirt it is?
11. We are sure________(where/that)he will go to school tomorrow.
12. Do you know________(when/who) was the first man to walk on the moon?
13. Could you tell me ________(where/why)the post office is?
14. Our father said________(that/which)he would buy a new computer.
15. I hear________(that/what) he swam in the sea yesterday.
二、选择
1. Do you know________Icould pass the exam?
A.that B.whether C.what D.which
2. Could you tell me ________she is looking for?
A.that B.whose C. whomD.which
3.—I’m waiting for the mail. Do you know________it will arrive?
---Usually it come by4:00
A. how B.whoseC.when D.what
4. I want to know________ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.
A.that B.when C.where D.whether
5. It’s up to（取决） you to decide________you’ll go there,by air or by road?
A. how B. what C. when D. that
6.Could you tell me________ I can get to the Bell Tower?
A. who B. what C. why D. how
7.I want to know ________ there is a train to Beijing.
A. who B. what C. if D. that
8.Do you know________ ________ a double room (双人间)is?
A. how long B. how much C. how many D. how often
9.Could you tell me ________ ________ we’re going to be away?
A. how long B. how much C. how many D. how often
10. Can you tell me______ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
11.I don't know ______ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
12 I hardly understand ______ he has told me.
A. that B. what C. which D. who

知识点4：宾语从句的语序
1. 陈述句变为宾语从句时，要注意人称和时态的变化，语序不变。
如： She said, “ I will leave a message on the desk.”
她说她会在桌上留口信的。
She said that she would leave a message on the desk.
2.【考查点】一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，也要注意人称和时态的变化，后面接陈述句语序。
如：“Where are the tickets？” I asked him.
我问他票在哪儿。
I asked him where the tickets were.
注意：宾语从句的人称要遵循“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”的原则。如下表：
直接引语的主语
变为间接引语后
第一人称
与主句的主语一致
第二人称
与主句的宾语一致
第三人称
不变
【课堂练习】
一、选择
1. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?
A. what B. how C. whether D. where
2. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend B. how he mended
3. I want to know _________.
A.whom she is looking forB. whom is she looking after
4. Do you know where _________ now?
A. he lives B. does he live
5. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leaves B. does the train leave
6. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?
A. how the two players are old B. how old the two players are
7. She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could
8. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D. when
9. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
10. He asked me _____told me the accident.
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
11. She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it was
12.We never know _____ the old man is. —They say he is a teacher.
A. what B. who C. which D. where
13. —I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us.
—He will help us with our English.
A. why B. when C. how D. where
14. —Do you know _____ ? I'm going to see him.—Sorry, I don't know.
A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live
C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived
15. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me ________?
A. where do you buy it B. Where you bought it C. Where did you buy it
16. Do you know the man_______ under the tree?
A. what is he B. who he is C. what he is
17.--Could you tell me_______?—Just go straight(直走). It’s on your right.
A. where the police station is B. what your name is C. which country you come from
18.—Do you know ____the girl in red is?—I’m not sure. Maybe she is a teacher.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
19. Thomas wants to know _____Nina lives.
A. where B. who C. what D. if
20. Do you know ______?---Sorry, I don’t have a watch.
A. whose watch this is B. What time it is C. what time is it
【真题链接】
1. —Do you know _________ the meeting? （2014年北京市中考）
—Tomorrow morning.
A. when they had
B. when they are going to have
C. when did they have
D. when are they going to have
2. —Mr. Green, do you know_______? （2014年温州市中考）
 —July 10, it will last a month.
A. when our summer camp begins 
B. when does our summer camp begin
C. where our summer camp begins  
D. where does our summer camp begin
3. I didn’t know ______.（2014年武汉市中考）
A. when would the train arrive     B. where could I get the book
C. what has been done        D. who left the message

知识点5：宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态(主现从实，主过从过，真理永现)
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
如：Could you tell me what he said at the meeting？
你能告诉我他在会上说什么。
He will tell us that he has been able to look after himself.
他会告诉我们他已经能告诉他自己。
Tell him when we will finish our work.
告诉他我们什么时候完成工作。

2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)  
如：He said that he was born in Wenzhou in 1996.
他说他1996年出生于温州。
They said that they had already seen the film.
他们说他们已经看过这部电影了。
 
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。   
如： Everyone knew there are 365 days in a year.
大家都知道一年有365天。
She said that two heads are better than one.
她说三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。
He said that the sun rises in the east.
她说太阳从东边升起。

【课堂练习】
Ⅰ.单项选择
1. He asked ________ for the computer.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me.
→He asked me _______.
A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film
C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film
3. “Please close the window,” he said to me.
→He ______ me _____ the window.
A. said to; to close B. told to; closing
C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close
4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said.
→He said _________.
A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher
C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher
5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.”
→He _____- very naughty.
A. said his mother that the boy was
B. said to his mother that the boy is
C. told his mother that the boy was
D. spoke to his mother that the boy was
6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked.
→She asked ________.
A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you
B. whether I had already got well
C. have I already got well
D. had I already got well.
7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”
→He asked me _________.
A. am I a Party member or a League member
B. was I a Party member or a League member
C. if I was a Party member or a League member
D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.
8. He asked, “How are you getting along?”
→He asked _______.
A. how am I getting along
B. how are you getting along
C. how I was getting along
D. how was I getting along
9. He asked me ________ with me.
A. what the matter is
B. what the mater was
C. what’s the matter
D. what was the matter
10. He said, “Don’t do that again.”
He _____ me _______ that again.
A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do

知识点6：宾语从句的否定前移
【考查点】 在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose等时，如果主句为I 或we时，从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose等前。
如：I don’t suppose he will come.
我猜他不会来。
注意：只有主句是第一人称时，not需要前移，其他人称都不需要前移
如：She thinks she can’t arrive there on time.
她认为她不能按时到那儿。

知识点7：宾语从句的简化
1.【考查点】当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是hope, wish, decide等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。
如：I hope that I can see you again.
＝I hope to see you again.我希望能再次见到你。
2. 【考查点】当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时，句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
如： I don’t know what I should say.
＝I don’t know what to say.我不知道该说什么。
3.【考查点】当主句的谓语动词是ask, tell, show, teach等，且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为不定式结构或“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
如：Mr Hu tells us that we shouldn’t draw on the wall.
＝Mr Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.
胡老师告诉我们不应该在墙上画画。
Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps？
＝Will you please tell me where to buy stamps？
请告诉我在哪儿能买到邮票？


三、巩固练习

（1）将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：
1.“I never eat meat.” he said.
He said that ______ never ______ meat.
2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.
3.The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.
5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.
9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”
He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there
10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”
He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.
12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.
14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said.
She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.

（2）.根据汉语提示，用宾语从句补全下列句子。
1.我不知道为什么她如此着迷Apple iphone4s。
I don’t know _______________ Apple iphone4s.
2.我们给了她一些建议，但不知道她是否会接受。
We’ve given her some advice, but I don’t know_______________.
3.作为社会的一员，我们应该尽最大努力做我们应该做的。
As society members, we should try our best to do______________.
4. ——请你告诉我怎么到中山公园好吗？
——好的。你可以坐公交车去那。
—Could you tell me______________________?
—Yes, you can go there by bus.
5. ——汤姆在纽约呢还是已经回家了？
  ——对不起，我不确信是否他已经回来。
—Is Tom still in New York or already back at home?
—Sorry，I’m not sure ___________________.

（3）把下面的句子翻译成宾语从句

1他对他在这篇文章中写的东西不满意。

2你可以告诉我他们昨天做了什么吗？

3天黑了，我无法判断出这是否是男孩。

4你知道飞往北京要花多少时间吗？


（4）例题精选：
【例题1】
—Could you tell me _____ at the meeting?
—Sorry, I don’t know. I didn’t go to the meeting that day.
A. what does he say B. what he says
C. what he said D. what did he say
【答案】：
【解析】：
【例题2】
—Could you tell me _____ last night?
—Er, I was watching TV at home.
A. what you were doing B. what were you doing
C. what you are doing D. what are you doing
【答案】：
【解析】：
【例题3】
We’ll plant trees tomorrow, and I don’t’ know _____Tom will come and join us.
A. if　　　B. which C. what　　　D. where
【答案】：
【解析】
【例题4】
—Could you please tell me ______？
—Sorry, you can turn to Mr. Lee for help.
A. how long can man live without water
B. whether Yao Ming would play for Rockets or not
C. how I can keep myself safe from the flu
D. why did a serious landslide happen in Zhouqu, Gansu Province
【答案】：
【解析】：

四、课堂运用
【基础】
1．--- Could you tell us how long ______?
 --- About three days.
A. does the sports meeting last B. the sports meeting last
C. will the sports meeting last D. the sports meeting will last
2．I want to know______,
A. what is his name B what's his name C. that his name is D. what his name is
3．Parents are taught to understand _____ important education is to their children’s future.
A. that B. how C. such D. so
4．I wonder _______ they will come here with tomorrow.
A. whether B. when C. who D. how
【巩固】
5．---Could you tell me ______?
---I'm not sure.
A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving
C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start
6. --- Can I help you?
--- Yes. I'd like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me______ take to get there?
A. how soon will it B. how soon it will
C. how long it will D. how long will it
7．.---Could you let me know ______ yesterday?
---Because the traffic was heavy.
A. why did you come late B. why you came late
C. why do you come late D. why you come late
【拔高】
8．A computer can only do ______you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when
9．The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as        B. which        C. what     D. that
10．I think Father would like to know ______ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note
A. which B. why C. what D. How


课程小结
本节课主要围绕宾语从句的三大考点进行讲解，即：宾语从句的时态、宾语从句的语序及引导词。需要重点掌握的是宾语从句的时态变化规则及如何正确使用宾语从句的引导词。此外，在初中阶段也会经常接触到宾语从句的否定前移和宾语从句的简化，尤其在单选和句型转换等题型中，因此，这两个考点也需要重点掌握。
近年中考对语法点的考查往往是与语境想结合，因此，同学在做题时要结合语境来分析题目，灵活地运用语法知识。

课后作业
【基础】
1. We’ll plant trees tomorrow, and I don’t’ know ______ Tom will come and join us.
A. if　　　B. which C. what　　　D. where
2.—Could you please tell me ________？
—Sorry, you can turn to Mr. Lee for help.
A. how long can man live without water
B. whether Yao Ming would play for Rockets or not
C. how I can keep myself safe from the flu
D. why did a serious landslide happen in Zhouqu, Gansu Province
3. Can you tell me ________ after this exam ?
A. what you did B. what did you do
C. what will you do D. what you will do
4. I’ve decided to go to London next weekend. I was wondering ______ you could go with me.
A. if B. when C. that D. where

【巩固】
5. —Do you know ________ World Water Day is?
—On March 22nd.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
6. We want to know ________to help them.
A. what can we do B. what we can do
C. how can we do D. how we can do
7. Jenny is on holiday now. I wonder ________.
A. when she will come back
B. when she came back
C. when will she come back
D. when did she come back
8. He said that light ________much faster than sound.
A. has travelled B. went
C. travels D. travelled

【拔高】
9. —Can you tell me________？
—His home is quite far away from the office，I think.
A．when he got up B．where he works
C．why he bought the car D．how he likes his job
10. The policeman asked the small girl ________.
A．why she was crying B．why was she crying
C．why she is crying D．why is she crying

练习题
　习题(一)（时态）
　　1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
　　A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
　　2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
　　A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been
　　3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today.
　　A. had B. has . C. will have D. are
　　4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
　　A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
　　5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
　　A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled
　　　　习题(二)（连接词）
　　1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty
　　A. who B. what C. when D. that
　　
2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
　　A. what B. if C. when D. where
　　3 I hardly understand. ___ he has told me.
　　A. that B. what C. which D. who
　　4 She didn't know___ back soon.
　　A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
　　5. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
　　A. whether B where C. what D. when
　　6. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening
　　A. what B when C why D how
　　7. He asked me _____told me the accident.
　　A whom B which C who D whose
　　　　习题(三)（语序）
　　1. They don't know --------their parents are.
　　A that B what C why D which
　　2. Please tell me ______what last year.
A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C where your sister works D where your sister worked
　　3. She asked me if I knew ______.
　　A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
　　4. You must remember ________.
　　A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
　　C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
　　5 Did you know ____
　　A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
　　C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after
　　6 Could you tell me ___
　　A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
　　C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing
　　　　习题(四)
　　1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. (北京市东城区)
　　A. that B. how C. What D. if
　　2. —I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us.
　　—He will help us with our English. (杭州市)
　　A. why B. when C. how D. where
　　3.—We never know _____ the old m an is.
　　—They say he is a teacher. (鄂州市)
　　A. what B. who C. which D. where
　　4. I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. (重庆市)
　　A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when
　　5. —Do you know _____ I'm going to see him.
　　—Sorry, I don't know. (北京市海淀区)
　　A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live
　　C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived
　　6. —W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer
　　—Sorry, I have no idea. (南京市)
　　A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy
　　7. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ this morning. (重庆市)
　　A. what the matter is B. what is wrong
　　C. what the matter was D. what wrong was
　　8. —Where is Jack
　　—He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____ . (南昌市)
　　A. that B. which C. where D. there


总练习
II. 按要求转换句型。
1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子）
    →Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China?
2. "Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句）
    →He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．
3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子）
    _________ Jim _________Tom is a student.
4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
( ) 5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled
2
( ) 1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
( ) 2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
( ) 3 I hardly understand.___ he has told me.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
( ) 4 She didn't know___ back soon.
A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
( ) 5 I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D.when
( ) 6 Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
( ) 7 He asked me _____told me the accident.
A whom B which C who D whose
3
( ) 1.They don't know ______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
( ) 2.Please tell me ______what last year.
A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C where your sister works D where your sister worked
( ) 3.She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
( ) 4. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
( ) 5 Did you know ____?
A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after
( ) 6 Could you tell me ___?
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing