中考英语复习第一部分第1节名词PPT课件(广东专用)

这是一份中考英语复习第一部分第1节名词PPT课件(广东专用)，共58页。PPT课件主要包含了第一部分 语法突破，第一节 名 词，考点解读，第一节 名词，2不规则变化形式，经验 ， 不可数名词，名词的量，名词的所有格，易错点突破等内容，欢迎下载使用。

广东省初中毕业生英语学科学业考试 ——语法项目一览表
1．名词 (1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)所有格2．代词 (1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3．数词(1)基数词(2)序数词
4．介词和介词短语 5．连词 6．形容词(包括比较级和最高级)7．副词(包括比较级和最高级)8．冠词
9．动词 (1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词(6)时态 ①一般现在时②一般过去时③一般将来时④现在进行时⑤现在完成时⑥过去进行时(7)被动语态 ①一般现在时的被动语态②一般过去时的被动语态③一般将来时的被动语态(8)非谓语动词(动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语) (9)动词短语
10．构词法 (1)前缀、后缀(2)转化(3)合成11．句子种类 (1)陈述句(肯定式和否定式)(2)疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句)(3)祈使句(4)感叹句
12．简单句的基本句型 (1)主语＋连系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P)(2)主语＋不及物动词(S＋Vi)(3)主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S＋Vt＋O)(4)主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋Vt＋IO＋DO)(5)主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋Vt＋O＋C)
13．并列复合句14．主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(能辨认出由that，which，wh引导的限定性定语从句，并能理解句子意思)
2016年—2019年广东省中考“单项填空”以及2020年“语法选择”考点分布一览表
名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。根据其词汇意义, 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。名词在句中主要作主语、宾语, 有时也作表语、定语、宾补。 新课程标准中，名词的考查包括：可数名词及其单复数、不可数名词、专有名词和名词所有格。考试中，对名词的考查主要集中在语义辨析上，如固定搭配中名词的正确运用；在具体语境中意近、形近名词的用法区别。高频名词的一词多义，名词的数也是中考的重点。名词词义辨析5年3考，可数名词的单复数5年2考，不可数名词5年4考，专有名词5年0考，名词所有格5年1考。
一、 名词的数1. 名词的复数变化形式 （1）规则变化形式
dictinaries
wmen teachers
men dctrs
fish (fishes表示不同种类的鱼)
instructins
cngratulatins
cmmunicatins
(3)部分不可数名词的复数形式表示特殊的意义
rice, mney, cttn, wd, meat, prk, beef, fruit, fd, bamb, ham, lamb, fish(鱼肉)
water, milk, cla, juice, sup, wine, ink, tea, cffee, Cke
knwledge, success, wrk（工作）, time（时间）, health, advice, happiness, news, truble, weather, traffic, prgress, infrmatin, hmewrk, husewrk, fun, pllutin, weight
many/a number f/a lt f/ lts f apples
nly a few / several gd friends
much/a large amunt f/a great deal f rain
a little / a bit f fd
much/a lt f/lts f/plenty f advice
a piece f cake
three pairs f chpsticks
a bag f rice
fur kils f cttn
名词所有格分为两种，一是有生命的名词所有格在名词词尾加’s构成，二是无生命的名词所有格由介词f加名词构成。1. ’s所有格的构成
Mther’s Day
Charles’ pen(s))
Teachers’ Day
Nurses’ Day
three hurs’ walk
Children’s Day
James’ bk(s))
Wmen’s Day
at Mr. White’s
at the dctr’s
Lily’s and Lucy’s rms
Japan’s and America’s prblems
Lily and Lucy’s rm
Li Lei and Li Jun’s father
2. ’s所有格的特殊用法(1)表示时间或距离今天的报纸 ______________ 一公里的旅程 _______________ (2)表示集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词世界的人口 ______________ 中国的宇航员 _____________
tday’s newspaper
a kilmeter’s jurney
the wrld’s ppulatin
China’s astrnaut(s)
3. f所有格的用法（用于无生命的东西）(1)一张我们教室的照片 _________________(2)一张中国地图 _________________(3)这间房子的窗户 _________________4. 双重所有格(1)我父亲的一个朋友 _________________ (2)大明的几个同学 _________________(3)我的一个老师 _________________ (4)玛丽妈妈的一个朋友 _________________
a picture/pht f ur classrm
a map f China
the windw f the rm
a friend f my father’s
several classmates f Daming’s
a teacher f mine
a friend f Mary’s mther’s
5．用介词t表示所属关系的几个常见搭配the answer t the questin 问题的答案 the key t the dr 门的钥匙 the entrance t the building 建筑物入口 the way t the z 去动物园的路
四、含有名词的词组ask fr help　寻求帮助all kinds f …　各种各样的at the age f …　在……岁时a number f　大量the number f　……的数at the same time　同时best wishes t sb.　祝福某人by mistake　错误地；无意中break int pieces　打成碎片cngratulatins t sb.　祝贺某人d mrning / eye exercises　做早/眼保健操 fr example　例如give sb. a lessn　给某人一个教训have a gd time　玩得愉快 in ther wrds　换句话说in ne’s pinin　在某人看来 lse ne’s way　迷路learn a lessn frm 从……吸取教训
make decisins / a decisin 做决定make mistakes / a mistake 犯错误make a difference　产生影响make friends with　与……交朋友make prgress　取得进步make a prmise　做承诺place f interest　名胜古迹play a rle in　在……中扮演角色t ne’s surprise　令某人吃惊的是set an example　树立榜样shake hands with　与……握手take ntes　做笔记the sprts meeting　运动会the Olympic Games　奥运会with ne’s eyes　亲眼the way t …　……的办法n ne’s way t　在去……的路上lse ne’s way　迷路
1. 专有名词的第一个字母必须大写，但其中的虚词，如冠词（a, an和the）、介词（at, in, n）等的第一个字母一般不大写。如：the United States, the United Kingdm
4. 集体名词看作整体时，谓语动词应该用单数形式；若看作整体的各个成员时，谓语动词应该用复数形式。如：His family is a happy ne. 他家庭幸福。My family are all having dinner at the mment. 此刻我们全家人正在吃晚饭。
2. 抽象名词是不可数名词，但在一些短语或句子中可以作可数名词。如：have a rest 休息 catch a cld 感冒 have a gd time 玩得开心a great success 巨大的成功 What a big surprise! 太惊喜了！
3. 集体名词peple（人们），plice（警察）通常用作复数，因此不能说a peple, a plice，但可以说a persn（一个人），a pliceman（一个男警察）。
5. 应特别注意由man，wman构成的复合名词的单复数。如：a man teacher 一个男教师 tw men teachers 两个男教师
7. 辨析：China’s astrnauts，Chinese astrnautsChina’s astrnauts中国宇航员（代表中国但不一定是中国人）Chinese astrnauts中国宇航员（中国籍宇航员，也可以代表别的国家）
6. a和an不能修饰不可数名词。(1)不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：The milk is sur. 这牛奶是酸的。(2)量词修饰不可数名词时， 谓语动词的单复数形式由量词决定。如：There are tw bttles f water n the table. 桌子上有两瓶水。(3)有些名词虽然以-s结尾，却表示不可数概念。如：news, grass, physics, plitics, maths
8. 辨析： a pht f me，a pht f minea pht f me 我的照片（照片里的人是我）a pht f mine = ne f my phts 我的一张照片（照片里不一定有我）
9. 字母、数字、引语或缩略词的复数形式是在其后加-’s或-s。There are tw ’s in the wrd pht. 单词pht里有两个。Many VIPs will cme t ur twn next week. 下周将有很多重要人物要来我们镇。
一、近5年中考完形填空常考名词
语法选择考查名词主要从名词的数、不可数名词、名词的所有格以及名词的词性辨析等四个方面去设题考查。解题时可以根据名词的语法规则去确定，也可以根据句子结构确定。1．根据语法规则确定【答案剖析】观察四个选项可(1)(2020·广州·9题)The bandit (山贼) takes ne bk and shuts，“Next time I want ________！”A．sme mney B．any mney C．sme mneys D．any mneys知，本题考查sme和any的区别以及考查不可数名词的用法。sme用于肯定句；any用于否定句和疑问句；mney为不可数名词，后面不能加­s。根据语法规则可知选A。(2)The yung man lives a pr and sad life. S he wants t ask the ld wise man fr ________．A．an advice B．advices C．many advices D．sme advice【答案剖析】观察四个选项可知，本题考查不可数名词advice的用法。不可数名词前面不能加an或many，后面不能加­s。根据语法规则可知选D。
二、名词在语法选择中的考查
(3)In the wrds f the Chinese thinker La­-Tzu：________ f a thusand miles begins with a single step.A．trip B．trips C．a trip D．many trips【答案剖析】观察题干和四个选项可知，本题考查可数名词trip的单复数用法。根据题干中动词begin的形式为单数形式，从而确定trip使用单数形式。根据语法规则可知选C。2．根据句子结构确定(1)(2020·南海区二模·38题)One day I tk the plant ut again.“Ww，” I was very surprised t find that there were many little rts at the ________ end.A．plant B．plants C．plant's D．plants'【答案剖析】观察四个选项可知，本题考查名词单复数和名词的所有格。分析句子结构可知，所填词前有限定词the，所填词后有名词end，所以确定所填词应为名词的所有格。根据上一句the plant可知植物为单数，由此可知为单数名词的所有格，故选C。
(2)After he graduated，the famus ________ Thmas Edisn asked him t wrk in his lab but Gerge refused.A．inventr B．inventin C．invent D．invented【答案剖析】观察四个选项可知，本题考查invent的词性辨析。inventr作名词，意为“发明家”；inventin作名词，意为“发明，发明物”；invent作动词，意为“发明”；invented为动词过去式，意为“发明”。分析句子结构可知，所填词在形容词之后，且后有专有名词Thmas Edisn作解释，所以用名词且根据常识Thmas Edisn为发明家，由此可知选A。(3)There used t be n ________ at all in the cuntryside.A．plluting B．pllute C．pllutin D．plluted【答案剖析】观察四个选项可知，本题考查pllute的词性辨析。plluting为动名词；pllute为动词；pllutin为名词；plluted为动词过去式。分析句子结构可知，所填词位于限定词n之后，所以选用名词，由此可知选C。
三、名词在短文填空中的考查 短文填空考查名词主要从名词的数(5年7考)、不可数名词(5年2考)等方面去设题考查。解题时可以根据上下文和分析句子结构去确定，有些也可以根据固定搭配去确定。1．句子结构与上下文判断法(1)在动词或介词后作宾语。①(2020·广东·70题)They wanted t raise ________ t help their friends … In a week，it made $52.Althugh it was nly a little mney …【答案剖析】由下文提及的“赚了52美元”以及“尽管钱少”，可知他们想筹钱去帮助他们的朋友，故该空填不可数名词mney。②(2019·广东·75题)In the village，there were many paintings f ________，such as cats and birds.【答案剖析】由下文提及的例子猫和小鸟可知，这些画与动物有关，且该空前没有ne或者an，故用复数名词animals。(2)其前有名词修饰，在句中作宾语。(2017·广东·78题)Fx example，the tw brthers have t g t the schl ________ t brrw bks fr their scientific prjects …【答案剖析】由下文提及借书可以推测他们去学校图书馆，且该空前有名词schl修饰，所以用单数名词library。
(3)其前有形容词修饰，在句中作宾语。(2017·广东·77题)“If we dn't make a change，ur family will becme strangers t each ther！” … They have t make many ________．Fr example，…【答案剖析】由上文“如果我们不做出改变，我们一家人将成为彼此的陌生人”可知他们必须做出改变，又由many可确定该空用名词复数形式changes。(4)其前有限定词(冠词、量词、数词、形容词性物主代词)修饰。①(2020·广东·71题)They wanted t raise mney t help their friends. Then she came up with an ______．【答案剖析】由上文“他们想筹钱去帮助他们的朋友”可知，她想出了一个主意，且该空前有an，所以用名词单数idea。②(2016·广东·75题)He tk ff her shes and put her ________ int the water. After that，he began t wash them carefully.【答案剖析】由上文“他帮她脱掉鞋子”和后文提到的“放在水里仔细清洗”可以推测是洗脚，后文有代词them，可确定用名词复数形式feet。
2．固定搭配判断法(1)(2019·广东·79题)Frm them，Grandpa Huang learned t live a lng and happy ________．【答案剖析】本题考查固定搭配live a … life，意为“过……的生活”，故该空填life。(2)(2017·广东·80题)… they find that they can spend mre time taking ver meals，playing sprts and ding all ________ f activities tgether.【答案剖析】本题考查固定搭配all kinds f，意为“各种各样的”，故该空填kinds。
(　　)1.If I leave my huse at 9 'clck and drive t the airprt，I'll arrive at abut 11.S it's abut tw ________ drive frm my huse t the airprt.(2020·临沂市)A．hurs' B．hur's C．hurs D．hur(　　)2.— What else d we need t make cld beef?— ________．(2020·资阳市)A．Tw spns salt B．Tw spns f saltsC．Tw spns f salt D．tw spn f salt
(　　)3.Hw much ________ d we need t make a banana milk shake？(2020·黔西南州)A．bananas B．apples C．milk D．Cffee(　　)4.Maria is always full f ________ because she takes exercise every day.(2020·南京市)A．energy B．talent C．humur D．wealth
(　　)5.— Hw's Mr. Clark's small cmpany?— Quite gd. It has grwn t becme a ________ in the internatinal trade. (2020·武汉市)A．rule B．duty C．pwer D．sign(　　)6.One ________ f the bk is missing，s I can't learn the whle stry.(2019·重庆市A卷)A．cpy B．page C．writer D．reader
(　　)7.The ________ f this activity is t raise mney fr a new hspital.(2019·天津市)A．silence B．purpse C．culture D．language(　　)8.Yu can see the ________ in ur faces when we talk abut the great achievements in the past 70 years.(2019·安徽省)A．dubt B．pride C．regret D．ability
(　　)9.— What is the ________ f yur excellent spken English?— Practice makes perfect.(2018·安徽省)A．result B．influence C．duty D．secret(　　)10.Betty has a beautiful ________．She wants t be a singer in the future.(2019·淮安市)A．vice B．lk C．nise D．sund(　　)11.I live near a big ________．It gets very nisy n match days.(2018·江西省)A．hspital B．stre C．bank D．playgrund
(　　)12.Her smile made me feel warm and lively.It was like a hidden ________．(2018·天津市)A．cmpetitin B．interview C．treasure D．traditin(　　) 13.The three ________ upstairs are t small t have enugh ________ fr a duble bed.(2018·广东省)A．rm；rm B．rm；rms C．rms；rm D．rms；rms(　　)14.Daniel has tried t lse ________ by eating less recently，but tw kils has been put n instead.(2017·广东省)A．weight　　　 B．weights　　　　 C．height　　　　 D．heights
(　　)15.The brken ________ may cut int yur hand if yu tuch it.Yu shuld be careful.(2016·广东省)A．glass　　　　 B．glasses　　　　 C．candle　　　　 D．candles
一、单项选择(　　)1.Mike's prnunciatin is better than any ther ________ in his class.A．students　 B．student C．students’ D．student's(　　)2.— D yu knw the wman wh is lking ver a patient?— Yes，she is ne f the best ________ in ur hspital.A．wman dctr B．wmen dctrs　 C．wman dctrs D．wmen dctr
(　　)3.— Dad，what is the ludspeaker saying?— It is t the ________．The flight t Wuhan is barding nw.A．custmers B．passengers C．members D．turists(　　)4.— The sng I Believe I Can Fly tells us that believing in urselves is very imprtant.— Yes.________ can make us have mre chances t be successful.A．Cnfidences B．Cnfidence C．Experience D．Experiences
(　　)5.— Whm did yu camping with?— ________．A．A friend f me　 B．A friend f myself C．A friend f my D．A friend f mine
二、语法选择(2020年·惠州市二模)　Alan was an ld man wh lived alne. One day he gt __1__ bad cld and he called fr a dctr.　While the dctr __2__ Alan's bdy，he asked，“Dn't yu have a friend wh culd cme and take care f yu？” “N.I've never had any friends，” the ld man said.　“Yu've lived here all yur life and never had a friend？” the dctr said __3__ surprise.　“I'm 64 years ld，but I've never met anyne I __4__ call a friend，”
Alan said. “There is always smething I dn't like abut them.”　“Our village head，Rbin，will surely help yu if he knws yu are sick，” the dctr said.　“It's s __5__ t listen t Rbin，” Alan added.“Yu'd imagine there was nthing in his wrld but__6__ crps and strng，healthy pigs.”　“Then what abut Max，wh lives dwn the rad？”　“He is a selfish (自私的) man __7__ he's smart and interesting t talk t，” Alan cntinued.　“What abut Tby? Everyne lves him，” the dctr laughed.　“Right，” agreed Alan.“If I ask Tby __8__ n my drstep，he wuld
d s. But he always talked __9__ and it's very nisy fr me.”　“I'm afraid yu see t many f yur __10__ weak pints，” the dctr said. “Yu're a hard nut t crack (难对付的人) ，ld man! Anyway，please call me if yu need me.” The dctr left and nt a wrd f “thank yu” was heard.
(　　) B．a C．the D．/ (　　) checked B．was checking C．checks D．check(　　) B．fr C．f D．in(　　) t B．need C．can D．must(　　) B．bring C．mre bring D．the mst bring(　　) B．him C．his D．himself(　　) B．when C．because D．if(　　) B．t live C．living D．lived(　　) B．luder C．ludness D．ludly(　　) B．neighbrs C．neighbr’s D．neighbrs'
三、短文填空(2020年·福建省中考英语改编)　D yu knw hw rice first came t China? There is an ld Chinese stry (1)___________ is abut a little girl wh went ut t fish. There was famine (饥荒) and everybdy was very (2)________．　The little girl felt her net grwing heavy and was very happy. Hwever，it was the King f Frgs (青蛙) that she (3)________．The frg tld her t hld ut her fishing net t the sun's rays and he wuld sing a magic(4)________．
which / that
The little girl fllwed (5)________ instructins. She was very surprised t see the rays f sunshine falling thrugh the net. And they were changed (6)________ glden grains (谷粒) f rice. The first rice was thught t arrive in this way.　We d nt knw whether this stry is true，but it tells us that rice has (7)________ same value as gld t the Chinese. Rice (8)________ always the main fd fr the Chinese. Fr centuries，much land has been devted (奉献) t rice-­planting and many Chinese peple are farmers，wh wrk very (9)________ n farms fr each grain.　
　It's imprtant t (10)________ fd and say n t waste. After all，waste nt，want nt.