3 倒装-2020-2021学年高中英语语法记忆框架版（精编）
展开倒装
一．概说
句子主语通常是在谓语之前，这种语序称为自然语序，也叫正常语序。若谓语动词在主语之前，这种语序称为倒装语序。谓语动词全部置于主语前的，叫完全倒装，只有一部分（通常是助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语前面的，叫部分倒装。如：
She is a nice girl.（正常语序）她是一个好女孩。 Is she a nice girl？（倒装语序）她是一个好女孩吗？
二． 完全倒装
定义：主语和谓语完全颠倒过来叫完全倒装
句首 | 句型 | 例句 |
表示地点、时间、方位的副词 | 表示地点的副词+谓语+主语（地点副词：here, there, in, on, outside, opposite等，谓语如Be或不及物动词begin, come, go, lie, live, lay, seem, remain, stand等等） | Here comes the bus. There remained only 10 dollars in his pocket. Opposite stood an ancient oak tree. |
表示时间的副词+谓语+主语（时间副词：then, now, soon, next, first, finally等，谓语如Be或不及物动词begin, come, go, lie, live, lay, seem, remain, stand等等） | ||
表示方位的与介词同形的副词+谓语+主语（表方位的介词副词同形：in, out, up, down, away, off，ahead, back等，谓语如不及物动词come, go, fly, jump, rush, walk等） | In comes Mr. Smith. Away ran the terrified boy. | |
表示地点、时间的介词短语 | 表示地点的介词短语+不及物动词+主语 | Beyond the bushes lay the fields. At the top of the hill stands the old church. After the banquet came a firework display. |
表示时间的介词短语+不及物动词+主语 （1） 谓语是及物动词或由“be+表语”构成时不用倒装句 At the top of the tower he could see the whole city. （2） 谓语是及物动词的被动语态可用倒装句 In this unit will be found a satisfactory answer. | ||
某些表语 | 表语（表示位置或地方的介词短语）+be+主语 | Near the church was an old ruined cottage. |
表语（形容词短语）+be+主语 | First to arrive were their two cousins. | |
表语（过去分词）+be+主语 | Seated on the ground are a group of young people. | |
表语（进行时态中的现在分词）+be+主语 | Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17. | |
用于so, nor, neither开头的句子，用于重复前面的内容。 | 肯定句+so +倒装结构（指另一人或物） | He has been to Beijing, So have I. |
否定句+neither/nor+倒装结构（指另一人或物） | Li Wei can’t answer the question. Neither can I. | |
.用于there be结构之中 | There lived a rich man near the river many years ago. | |
用于直接引语后点明说话人的句子。在直接引语后，常需要一个句子来点明该引语是谁说的或谁问的，如果该句子的主语是名词，通常要倒装，如果是代词，则不倒装 | “He went there alone.” said Li Lei. “Can you give me a hand?” he asked. | |
用于表示祝愿的句型里 | Long live China! 中国万岁！ | |
三． 部分倒装
定义：只把某些功能词，助动词等置于句首叫部分倒装
情况 | 句式 | 含义 | 例句 |
用于三个表示强调的句型中 | hardly/ barely /scarcely +倒装句（过去完成时）+when+陈述句语序（过去时） | 含义为“一……就……”，“刚……就……” | Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely had he arrived at the station when the train began to leave. |
no sooner+倒装句（过去完成时）+than+陈述句语序（过去时） |
| No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang. | |
not only+倒装句式+but (also)+陈述句语序 | 含义为“不但……而且……” | Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend. | |
not until+句子（陈述句语序）/时间状语+倒装句式 | 含义为“直到……才……” | Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. | |
用于only开头的句子 | only+状语+倒装句式 （若only接的不是状语，则不用倒装） | 含义为“只有，仅仅“ | Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in. Only Wang Ling knows this.（此处only接的是主语） |
某些否定词谓语句首时 | hardly, scarcely, barely几乎不 Rarely, seldom很少 | 含有否定含义 | Hardly did he know that the police were after him. |
no, not, never, |
| Never shall I do this again. | |
nowhere |
| Nowhere could I find him. | |
little, less, no longer, least of all. |
| Little did he know who the woman was. | |
某些含有no的介词短语位于句首时 | at no time, by no means, under/in no circumstances, in no way, in no case, on no account, on no consideration | “介词+no+名词”意为“决不” | In no way should I take the responsibility.我根本不需承担责任。 Under no circumstances could we agree to such a principle. |
so, such位于句首时 | so…+倒装结构+that+句子（陈述句语序） | 含义为“如此……以至于” | So many questions did they ask me that I got confused. |
such…+倒装结构+that+句子（陈述句语序） |
| Such a fierce dog did he have that we had to wait before we could get in. | |
当“so+形容词”或“such”为表语时，用完全倒装 |
| So great was the destruction that it took them several years to recover. Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken. | |
用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句 | were/ Had/ Should+主语+其他 = If 主语+were/ had/ should | 含义为“如果……” | Were he my friend, I would expect his help. = If he were my friend, I would expect his help. |
were it not for（如果没有，现在、将来）=If it were not for |
| Were it not for their help, we would be in serious trouble. =If it were not for their help, we would be in serious trouble. | |
had it not been for（如果当时没有，过去）= If it hadn’t been for |
| Had it not been for their support, we couldn’t have won the election. =If it hadn’t been for their support, we couldn’t have won the election. | |
用于让步状语从句（让步用though, as） | 形容词 though 系动词，助动词 名词（去掉冠词） + +主语 + 情态动词 动词，副词 as 谓语动词 | 含义为“虽然，由于” | Strange though it may seem, the tallest boy is the youngest.（表让步） =Though it may seem strange, the tallest boy is the youngest. Woman as she is, she is courageous. = As she is woman, she is courageous.（表让步） |
用于as引导的方式状语从句 | 如果从句的主语较长或带有长的修饰语，可用倒装。主语是人称代词，则不倒装。 | 含义为“正如（方式）” | He traveled a great deal as did most of his friends. |
用于than引导的比较状语从句 | 含义为“比……” | I spend less than do nine out of ten people in my position. | |
方式状语、频度状语等位于句首 | 如果不是十分强调，也可不用。 |
| Gladly would I / I would gladly give my life to save the child! Often does he warn us / he warns us not to touch the poisonous chemical. |
用于the…the…结构的主句中 | 若此结构中主句的助于太长，也可用倒装 | 含义为“越……越……” | The more grain we produce, the greater will be our achievement. =The more grain we produce, the greater our achievement will be. |
用于几个特殊结构的让步状语从句 | Be+主语+ever so+形容词 | 无论怎样…… | Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home.无论家境再贫，家总是最好的。 |
Be+主语+A or B | 无论是A或B | Be he friend or enemy, the law regards him as a criminal.无论他是敌是友，法律判定他是罪犯。 | |
动词+wh词+主语+will/may | 无论 | Say what we will, he doesn’t want to change his mind.无论我们说什么，他都不会改变他的主意。 | |
直接引语 | 当主语为名词，用倒装；当主语是代词，则一般不用。 |
| “Let’s go,” said the man/ he said. |
用于某些表示祝愿的句子 | May+主语+动词原形 | 祝愿 | May you succeed! 祝你成功！ |
★上述情况并非一定要用部分倒装，有些可用全倒，有些可不倒，请仔细阅读。
区别：so do I, so I do, I do so
①so do I表示所说的人或物的情况与上文说的另一人或物的情况相同，可用so it is with... 或It is the same with...代替，如：
My mother goes shopping every Sunday, so do I. 我妈妈每个星期天都去购物，我也是。
②So I do.表示对上文所说的情况的进一步肯定或确认，意为“确实，真的”
I can sing a lot of English songs, so I can. 我能唱许多英文歌曲，真的。
③I do so中的so指代前面刚提到过的同一动作或事情，如：She hoped that he would search the room carefully and he did so. 她希望他仔细检查房间，他这样做了。
