2021届高考英语“典题”专项训练（四）

这是一份2021届高考英语“典题”专项训练（四），共9页。
Thrughut the wrld, parents talk differently t babies than they d t adults. With their yung kids, parents use baby talk, featuring lng pauses and a rller caster f pitch(音高)changes.
While parents may feel a bit silly using baby talk, they shuldn’t in fact. Babies nt nly prefer listening t it, but they als learn new wrds mre easily frm it. By highlighting the structure f speech, such as the differences between the vwels“a” and “”, baby talk helps babies translate sunds int meaningful units f language.
Actually, the timbre(音色)plays a rle. The timbre f an instrument clearly affects hw we experience music, but its rle in language is less bvius. Lking int the timbre f baby talk, researchers made sme surprising discveries. In a new study published in Current Bilgy, researchers reprted fr the first time that mthers shifted their verall vcal timbre when speaking t their babies, as if they were changing their vice int a different instrument t address these unique little listeners.
In the Princetn Baby Lab, where researchers study hw children learn, they recrded English-speaking mthers while they talked with their 7-t-12-mnth-ld babies and while they spke t an adult experimenter, and fund that adult-directed and baby-directed speech had cnsistently different timbres.
Mst surprisingly, in a secnd sample f nn-English-speaking mthers, researchers fund that this timbre shift was als highly cnsistent acrss nine diverse languages. This suggests these timbre shifts may represent a universal frm f cmmunicatin with babies.
Being able t identify baby talk acrss multiple languages culd give us rich infrmatin abut the amunt and type f language children hear at preschl acrss different cultural envirnments. This culd help researchers and educatrs predict and imprve utcmes such as vcabulary and success at schl.
Parents shuld feel cnscius f their wn baby talk: with it they’re helping their baby learn.
1.What is the advantage f parents’ using baby talk?
A.It is gd fr babies t change pitch.
B.It helps translate sunds int different languages.
C.It makes babies learn mre languages.
D.It helps babies imprve their language ability.
2.What did the study published in Current Bilgy find?
A.Mthers usually changed their timbre when talking with their babies.
B.Mthers avided using instruments t talk with babies.
C.Nn-English-speaking mthers spke t babies with a cnsistent timbre.
D.English-speaking mthers were gd at changing timbre when speaking with adults.
3.What is Paragraph 6 mainly abut?
A.The aim f the research.
B.The prcess f the research.
C.The effect f parents’ timbre shifts.
D.The meaning f studying baby talk.
text 2
Jem was twelve. He was difficult t live with, incnsistent, mdy. His appetite was enrmus, and he tld me s many times t stp annying him. I cnsulted Atticus: “Reckn he’s gt a tapewrm?” Atticus said n, Jem was grwing. I must be patient with him and disturb him as little as pssible.
This change in Jem had cme abut in a matter f weeks. Several times he went s far as t tell me what t d. After ne argument when Jem shuted, “It’s time yu started bein’ a girl and acting right!” I burst int tears and fled t Calpurnia.
“Dn’t yu wrry t much ver Mister Jem--” she began.
“Mister Jem?”
“Yeah, he’s just abut Mister Jem nw.”
“He ain’t that ld,” I said. “All he needs is smebdy t beat him up, and I ain’t big enugh.”
“Baby,” said Calpurnia, “I just can’t help it if Mister Jem’s grwin’ up. He’s gnna want t be ff t himself a lt nw, din’ whatever bys d, s yu just cme right n in the kitchen when yu feel lnesme. We’ll find lts f things t d in here.” She seemed glad t see me when I appeared in the kitchen.
But summer came and I received a letter frm Dill. It said he wuld nt cme this summer. I was nt used t his absence. I stayed miserable fr tw days.
As if that were nt enugh, the state legislature(立法机关) was called int emergency sessin and Atticus left us fr tw weeks. There were sit-dwn strikes in Birmingham; bread lines in the cities grew lnger, peple in the cuntry grew prer. But these were events remte frm the wrld f Jem and me.
We were surprised ne mrning t see a cartn picture f ur father in The Mntgmery Advertiser. It shwed Atticus barefted and in shrt pants, chained t a desk: he was diligently writing n a stne while sme frivlus(轻佻的)-lking girls yelled, “Y-h!” at him.
“That’s a cmpliment(表扬),” explained Jem. “He spends his time din’ things that wuldn’t get dne if nbdy did ‘em.”
“Huh?”
In additin t Jem’s newly develped characteristics, he had acquired a maddening air f wisdm.
“Oh, Scut, it’s like rerganizing the tax systems f the cunties and things. That kind f thing’s pretty dry t mst men.”
“Hw d yu knw?”
“Oh, g n and leave me alne. I’m readin’ the paper.”
Jem gt his wish. I departed fr the kitchen.
4. Which f the fllwing did NOT affect Scut’s life that summer?
A. Jem’s grwing. B. Dill’s failing t cme.
C. Atticus’ leaving fr sessins. D. A cartn in the newspaper.
5. What belnged t Jem’s newly develped characteristics that summer?
A. His tapewrm. B. His eating much.
C. His cnsistent md. D. His abuse f Scut.
6. Scut hped that Jem culd return t nrmal if smene ________.
A. hit him heavily B. disturbed him
C. treated him badly D. made him independent
7. What happened utside the wrld f Jem and Scut that summer?
A. Peple went n strike by eating nthing. B. Mre peple were waiting fr fd.
C. Peple went t the cuntryside. D. Atticus was chained t his ffice.
text 3
A blck chain is a data structure that stres time-rdered data in an ever-grwing list, like an accunting ledger(分类账簿). The blck chain data structure is maintained using a distributed, peer-t-peer netwrk f cmputers with n central “master”. As with many new cncepts, blck chain technlgy generates much ptimism and als a huge amunt f interest and excitement. Just what is it gd fr?
In shrt, blck chains may imprve any prcess where peple need t access, cnfirm, send r stre infrmatin securely. This infrmatin culd be a persn's identity, a prduct's shipment histry r digital prperty like mney.
Typical databases, spreadsheets(电子数据表), and ledgers stre infrmatin abut bjects, peple, and the interactins between them. Much f the wrld's infrmatin, frm credit card transactins t medical and financial recrds, is stred in these types f systems.
These types f systems have cnsiderable, well-dcumented weaknesses that arise frm their being centralized. A centralized recrd is hard t understand and is expsed t unauthrized access r distributin. It is als, because it is a 'master' cpy, expsed t permanent changing r deletin.
Blck chains are als used t stre infrmatin. Crucially, hwever, they differ in tw ways.
First, infrmatin is parceled up int blcks and sealed. Bitcin, fr example, which is the mst famus practical example f a prductin blck chain, stres all transactins acrss the netwrk every ten minutes r s in a single, newly frmed blck. Each blck is then added t the previus ne t frm a chain.
Secnd, this “chain f blcks” is nt stred centrally. Instead, each blck is cpied and distributed arund an entire netwrk f peers - be they individuals, public institutins, r businesses - using distributed ledger technlgy. (The terms “'blck chain” and “distributed ledger” are ften used interchangeably; fr the sake f clarity, blck chain technlgies tend t emply distributed ledger technlgy.)
Each time smene adds a new blck t the chain, meanwhile it is added t everyne's cpy.
8. What is the biggest strength f a blck chain?
A. It prmtes peple’s enthusiasm abut new technlgy.
B. It strengthens the security f prcessing infrmatin.
C. It enables peple t stre mre data in time rder.
D. It stres a large part f wrld’s infrmatin.
9. The typical systems used t stre infrmatin are weak in that ________.
A. they are difficult t perateB. they can be accessed easily
C. they have a central “master”D. they stre cnsiderable dcuments
10. The passage is develped mainly by ________.
A. making cmparisnsB. giving examples
C. making a list D. shwing the effect and causes
11. What’s the authr’s purpse in writing the passage?
A. T analyze the weaknesses f typical systems.
B. T encurage the ppularity f the blck chain.
C. T intrduce the new cncept f the blck chain.
D. T cmpare the tw different data structures.
text 4
Henry Stanley is perhaps best knwn fr his expeditin int Africa t find Dr. David Livingstne, but that’s nt the nly rescue missin he undertk. In December 1886, Stanley set ff int Africa n what wuld be his last jurney: an attempt t find and bring hme a German zlgist named Eduard Schnitzer.
Schnitzer had taken the name “Emin Pasha,” in an attempt t be better received by thse he was living amng. Pasha was catalging a hst f recently-discvered plant and animal lifefrms when fighting brke ut in the Sudan. Pasha withdrew t Equatria, at abut the same time the Emin Pasha Relief Cmmittee was frmed. In additin t the chief gal f bringing Pasha hme, Stanley was als under rders frm the King f Belgium t pen up sme new trade rutes in the area.
The rundabut rute the Cmmittee ended up taking meant that by the time they finally fund Pasha many members f the expeditin were dead. Thse that did survive were wrn, ill, and starving by the time they fund Pasha wh, in cmparisn, was well-dressed, clean, and—by sme accunts—smking a three-year-ld cigar when they finally fund him. He was in need f sme supprt and supplies, but he had neither intent nr desire t leave the area. Arguments arse, causing a firm hatred between Stanley and Pasha.
Stanley finally cnvinced Pasha t leave with the remains f the expeditin, setting ff n a demanding trip back thrugh Africa. They finally met up with sme German explrers, and made it back t the prt twn f Bagamy in 1889.
During the party they threw t celebrate their return t civilizatin, Pasha fell ff a balcny and brke his skull. Stanley returned t Eurpe t receive cmmendatins and cngratulatins, while Pasha slwly recvered frm his unwanted rescue.
12. What may be the title f this passage?
A. Happiness was balanced by sadness B. Stanley’s best knwn expeditin
C. A “successful” rescue missinD. A legend f Emin Pasha
13. What resulted in the deaths f the members f the expeditin?
A. Hatred amng the members led t bldy cnflicts.
B. They were invlved in a fighting with the lcal army.
C. The Cmmittee was dismissed halfway thrugh the missin.
D. The rute they chse cst them t much time and supplies.
14. What des “cmmendatins” mean in the last paragraph?
A. Criticism. B. Resignatin. C. Preparatin. D. Credit.
15. What des the authr want t cnvey by mentining “smking a three-year-ld cigar”?
A. Pasha was in gd cnditin. B. Pasha ran ut f supplies.
C. Pasha felt delighted at their arrival. D. Pasha was addicted t tbacc.
text 5
第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Beginning with Chinese effrts t explre and cnnect with Central Asia, the Silk Rad cnsisted f massive small rutes and was named after the silk clth the Chinese prduced. 16 Thrugh these rutes, Chinese silk, prcelain, lacquer wrk and irnware were shipped t the West, while pepper, flax, spices, grape and pmegranate entered China.
17 They prmted flw f knwledge as well. Arab astrnmy, calendar and medicine fund their way t China, while China's fur great inventins and silkwrm breeding spread t ther parts f the wrld. 18 Fr example, Buddhism riginated in India, blssmed in China and was enriched in Sutheast Asia. Cnfucianism, which was brn in China, gained appreciatin by Eurpean thinkers such as Leibniz and Vltaire. Herein lies the appeal f mutual learning.
The ancient silk rutes witnessed the busy scenes f visits and trade ver land and ships calling at prts. Alng these majr rutes, capital, technlgy and peple flwed freely. 19 The ancient prsperus cities and prts develped, s did the Rman Empire as well as Parthia and Kushan Kingdms. The Han and Tang Dynasties f China entered the glden age. The ancient silk rutes brught prsperity t these regins and cntributed t their develpment.
Sme regins alng the ancient Silk Rad used t be a land f milk and hney. Yet tday, these places are ften assciated with cnflict, crisis and challenge. 20 Nw, the Belt and Rad Initiative intends t build an pen platfrm f cperatin and a brad cmmunity f shared interests. It will nt nly achieve ecnmic grwth and balanced develpment, but als cnnect different civilizatins. Mutual understanding, mutual respect, and mutual trust amng different cuntries will be bsted.
A. Mre imprtantly ideas were als exchanged.
B. The ancient silk rutes were nt nly fr trade.
C. Gds, resurces and benefits were widely shared.
D. Such state f affairs shuld nt be allwed t cntinue.
E. Hwever, silk was just ne f many gds traded n these rutes.
F. Large empires prvided stability and prtectin fr the trade rutes.
G. The Silk Rad was never an actual rad, r even a single massive trade rute.
text 6
It was smewhere between spring and summer, and my mm and I were driving thrugh the cuntryside. Back then, I was 13 years ld, and always felt unhappy with Mm. But little did I knw that this trip was ging t be a special ne.
A pt f flwers sat in the back seat, whse heavenly scent filled the car.
Suddenly, in the middle f nwhere, my mm pulled ver. “What are yu ding?” I cried, fearing that the car had brken dwn and we’d be stuck there, s far frm hme. But that wasn’t the case. My mm hpped ut f the car, grabbing the flwers frm the back seat. “It’ll just be a minute,” she called back thrugh the pen windws.
My eyes impatiently skimmed the edge f the rad befre settling n a little sign shwing that it was a nursing hme. I lked back t the building, smewhat annyed, as my mm reappeared, empty-handed.
Befre she started the car, curisity drve me t ask, “D yu knw smene there?” She shk her head. “Then what did yu d with the flwers?” She smiled slightly, “I gave them t the receptinist.” “What?” She laughed at my cnfusin. “I tld the receptinist t give the flwers t whever needed them, especially wh hasn’t gtten any in a while.”
I kept silent fr a mment. Nt lng after we cntinued ur driving, I spke again, “Did yu leave yur name?” T this she answered instantly, “N. Leaving flwers there fr smene wh will appreciate them makes me feel gd, which is enugh f a thank yu fr me.”
Suddenly, still thinking abut Mm’s deeds, I heard smething burst ludly. It was ur car that brke dwn! Nthing culd be wrse, because neither my mm nr I understd hw t repair it, and we didn’t knw where the garage was. It als seemed impssible t wait fr any passer-by, since we had seen s few alng the way.
注意:
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;
4.续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1: We were wrrying abut what culd be dne.
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Paragraph 2: As we drve alng, a flwer shp came int sight n the rad.
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参考答案
1-3DAD
4-7DBAB
8-11 BCAC
12-15 CDDA
16-20 EBACD
Paragraph 1: We were wrrying abut what culd be dne. But after waiting in vain fr a cnsiderable time, Mm and I decided t walk back the rad t the nursing hme and seek help. Gd knws hw far we had driven! When we arrived, the receptinist was surprised, but warmly helped us cntact the garage. There, the ld men wh had received the flwers were excited t meet us, talking abut hw great that day was. It amazed me what randm actins f kindness culd mean t the peple wh received it. While we were laughing and talking merrily, the garage gt ur car repaired.
Paragraph 2: As we drve alng, a flwer shp came int sight n the rad. I paced quickly int the flwer shp, where a bunch f flwers glwing red in full blm caught my eye. Having witnessed the effect f kindness, I decided t send Mm the sweet flwers. Sn, the heavenly scent filled the car again. Mm tried t cnceal her excitement, but the glittering tears failed her. Thrugh this trip, I discvered that, despite my ccasinal anger twards her, I actually felt prud f her. This was the trip f my life.