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高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册 词汇详解课件 Unit1 Honesty and responsibility
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这是一份高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册 词汇详解课件 Unit1 Honesty and responsibility，共60页。
牛津英语单元词汇详解 选择性 必修四 Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility
1. barely adv. 刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才（2） 【原句背诵】The policeman on the beat walked along the street as he always did. It was barely ten o’clock at night.【经典例句】We barely had time to catch the train. 我们差点没赶上火车。He was barely 20 years old and already running his own company. 他只有20岁，却已经营起自己的公司了。 It was 90 degrees and the air conditioning barely cooled the room. 气温是90度，空调几乎没有使房间凉快下来。I had barely started speaking when he interrupted me. 我刚刚开始讲话，他便打断了我。【同义词】hardly adv. 几乎不；刚刚；简直不 scarcely adv. 几乎不；勉强；仅仅；刚…（就…）【警示误区】在had barely/hardly/scarcely…when…句型中，当barely/hardly/scarcely放在句首时，主句要用倒装结构。We had hardly/scarcely/barely sat down at the table, when the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下，电话铃就响了。Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had we sat down at the table, when the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下，电话铃就响了。
2. *cigar /sɪˈɡɑː(r)/ n. 雪茄烟（2）【原句背诵】In the doorway of a store stood a man, with an unlit cigar in his mouth.【联想拓展】cigarette n. 香烟；卷烟；纸烟
3. appointment /əˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 约定，约会；任命，委托；职务（2）【原句背诵】“It’s all right, officer,” he said. “I’m just waiting for a friend. It’s an appointment made twenty years ago. There used to be a restaurant where this store stands—’Big Joe’ Brady’s restaurant. 【联想拓展】make/have an appointment 约会，预约make/have an appointment with 与某人约会by appointment 按照约定appoint v. 任命，指派；约定，安排（日期、时间）；装饰，布置（房间或空间）appointer n. 任命者；指派者appointee n. 被任命者disappointment n. 失望，沮丧；令人失望的人（事）【经典例句】She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor. 她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。Mr. Fay is to take up an appointment as a researcher. 费伊先生将担任研究员的职务。Viewing is by appointment only. 参观须预约。
【链接高考】（2018北京卷）They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. 他们开着自己的无人驾驶汽车去赴约，并让空车绕着大楼转，以避免支付停车费。 （2015浙江卷）While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots, to schedule her vet appointments, to feed and clean her, Misty knew this on day one. 虽然我迟迟没有接受由我来跟踪狗狗的打针、安排兽医预约、给她喂食和清洁，但米斯蒂从第一天起就知道了这一点。
4. tear down 拆毁，拆除（2）【原句背诵】“It was here until five years ago,” said the policeman. “It was torn down then.”【联想拓展】tear sb apart 使不快；使担心tear sth apart 撕毁；撕碎tear at sth 撕裂；扯开；撕破tear oneself away (from sth)/tear sth away (from sth) 依依不舍地离开；忍痛离去；把…拿走tear sth up 撕毁，撕碎（文件等）【警示误区】注意tear作动词时，其过去式和过去分词分别是tore, torn。【经典例句】Years later, we decided to tear down our ugly house and build a beautiful one with a garden. 几年后，我们决定拆掉这个难看的房子，建一座带花园的漂亮房子。Tear down the walls between support and development. 拆除研发和技术支持之间的墙壁。They tried to tear down the reputation of the novelist. 他们试图诋毁小说家的名声。
5. *keen /kiːn/ adj. 灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于(2)6. jaw /dʒɔː/ n. 额，下巴(2)7. *scar /skɑː(r)/ n. 伤疤；（精神）创伤；污点(2)8. *eyebrow /ˈaɪbraʊ/ n. 眉毛(2)9. *scarfpin /ˈskɑːfˌpɪn/ n. 领带别针，围巾夹 (2)10. diamond /ˈdaɪmənd/ n. 钻石(2)【原句背诵】The light showed a pale face, with keen eyes, a square jaw and a little white scar near his right eyebrow. His scarfpin was a large diamond, oddly set.【联想拓展】be keen to do sth 渴望做某事be keen (that...)渴望…be keen on (doing) sth 渴望；热切；热衷a keen sportsman 热心运动的人one of the keenest supporters of the team 这个队最热情的支持者之一a keen sense of tradition 强烈的传统意识keenly adv. 敏锐地；强烈地；锐利地keenness n. 敏锐；锐利
a ring with a diamond in it 钻石戒指a diamond ring/necklace 钻石戒指╱项链a pair of diamond earrings 一对钻石耳环【同义词】当keen意思是“灵敏的，敏锐的”时，其同义词可以用smart, sharp等。当其意思是“渴望，热切，热衷于”时，同义词可以用eager, anxious等。【经典例句】They described him as a man of keen intellect. 他们把他描述成一个才思敏锐的人。I wasn't too keen on going to the party. 我不太想去参加这次聚会。 She's not keen on being told what to do. 她不喜欢别人向她发号施令。 The lights shone like diamonds. 灯光像钻石一样闪闪发亮。Diamond is the crystalline form of the element carbon. 钻石是碳元素的晶体结构。Friendship is gold. Friendship is diamond. 友谊是金子，友谊是钻石。
11. make one’s fortune 成功立业，发财(2)【原句背诵】The next morning I was to leave New York and travel to the West to make my fortune.【联想拓展】make a fortune 发财，赚大钱make for sth 向…移动；促成make sb/sth into sb/sth 把…变成make sth of sb/sth 领会；理解；懂得make sb/sth out 看清；听清；分清；辨认清楚make up/make oneself/sb up 化妆；上妆make sth up形成；构成；拼装；组成make up for sth 弥补；补偿make full use of 充分利用make friends with 与…交友make a difference 有影响，有关系make good use of 充分利用；很好地使用【经典例句】Many people want to make a/thier fortune by doing nothing, which is the reason why the gambling industry thrives. 许多人都想要不劳而获赚大钱，这就是博彩行业蓬勃发展的原因。Farmers abandoned the land and went to big cities to make a/their fortune. 农民们抛弃了土地，到大城市赚钱去了。
12. lose contact 失去联系（2）【原句背诵】“Well, we kept in touch for a year or two, and then we lost contact.”【联想拓展】in contact with 接触；与…有联系come into contact with 接触到；联系；开始做某事come in contact with 接触make contact with 接触点；接通lose touch 失去联系lose touch with 与……失去联系【警示误区】lose contact (with) 表示“动作” ，不能和“时间段”连用；表示“状态”时，可以用be out of contact (with) 脱离，失去联系。【经典例句】I've lose contact with most of my school friends. 我跟大多数同学已经失赴了联系。The beauty of nature, society and life embodied in literature can't lose contact with that of form of expression. 文学的自然美、社会美和人生美等，都离不开表现方面的形式美。Maybe because you just don't want to be contacted, but If visitors do want to get in touch with you, but can't find any contact information, you lose their interest and trust. 也许你不想要与外界保持联系，但如果访客想与你取得联系，但是找不到任何联系信息，你会失去他们的兴趣和信任。
13. reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的【原句背诵】“But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive, for he always was the truest and most reliable fellow in the world. He’ll never forget.”【联想拓展】reliable sources 可靠消息来源；消息可靠人士reliable quality 质量可靠reliable information 可靠的信息reliably adv. 可靠地；确实地reliability n. 可靠性rely vi.相信，信赖；依靠，依赖【同义词】dependable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的【反义词】unreliable adj. 不可靠的；靠不住的【警示误区】注意从动词rely到形容词reliable的词形变化！【经典例句】We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working. 我们在物色可靠而又勤奋的人。My car's not as reliable as it used to be. 我的车不像过去那样靠得住了。Trains are reliable, cheap and best for long-distance travel. 乘火车可靠、便宜，最适合长途旅行。
14. worthwhile /ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl/ adj. 值得花时间（或花钱、努力等），重要的，令人愉快的（2）【原句背诵】“I came a thousand miles to stand in this doorway tonight, and it’s worthwhile if my old partner turns up.”【联想拓展】worthwhileness n.合价值性，值得be worthwhile (to do sth)/(doing sth) 重要的；令人愉快的；有趣的；值得花时间（或花钱、努力等）worth adj. 价值……的，值……钱的；值得的，具有……价值的 n. 价格，价值；重要性，作用be worth doing sth 值得做某事worthy adj. 值得尊敬的，值得注意的，值得敬仰的；值得的，应得的 n. 知名人士，要人（常为玩笑或贬义）be worthy to be done/be worthy of being done 值得【经典例句】 Volunteering was in aid of a worthwhile cause. 志愿工作是在为高尚的事业尽一份力。High prices in the UK make it worthwhile for buyers to look abroad. 英国的高价足以使买主把视线转向国外。It is worthwhile to include really high-quality illustrations. 把真正高质量的插图包括进去是值得的。It didn't seem worthwhile writing it all out again. 把这再都写出来似乎不必要。We believe the time and hard work involved in completing such an assignment are worthwhile.我们相信为完成这项任务所需要投入的时间和付出的努力是值得的。
【链接高考】（2019江苏卷）Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young.他的女儿梅利莎(Melissa)觉得，拯救他的音乐更值得，她年轻时每晚都会听着他的音乐入睡。 （2019北京卷）Want to explore new cultures，meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Association(GDA). 想要探索新的文化，认识新的人，同时做一些有意义的事情? 你可以通过全球发展协会(GDA)做到这三件事。 （2016天津卷）“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “在家庭或社区工作的男孩获得了能力，并开始觉得自己是社会有价值的成员，”心理学家乔治·瓦兰特(George Vaillant)说。
15. collar /ˈkɒlə(r)/ n. 衣领；颈圈；圈，箍（3）【原句背诵】About twenty minutes later, a tall man in a long overcoat, with collar turned up to his ears, hurried toward him. 【联想拓展】white collar 白领阶层；白领工人blue collar 蓝领in the collar 行动不自由；受到约束a coat with a fur collar 毛皮领大衣【熟词生义】collar作动词时，意思是“抓住；捉住；揪住；逮住；拦住（某人以与其）谈话”。Police collared the culprit as he was leaving the spot. 罪犯正离开现场时，警察逮住了他。I was collared in the street by a woman doing a survey. 我在大街上给一个做民意调查的女人拦住交谈。
16. bless /bles/ vt. 祝福（3）【原句背诵】“Bless my heart!” cried the new arrival. “Well, well, well! Twenty years is a long time! How has the West treated you, old man?”【联想拓展】blessing n. 幸事，福祉；支持，赞同；上帝的恩宠，祝福；祷告，祈祷blessed adj. 神圣的，尊敬的；受祝福的，受上帝保佑的；带来幸福的，带来好运的blessedness n. 幸福；福音God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！be blessed with sth/sb 赋有（能力等）；享有（幸福等）【经典例句】I bless you on this special holiday! 在这个特殊的节日里我祝福你！【链接高考】（2012山东卷）The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council(市政会).这群商人想出了“松鼠桥”的主意，并成立了一个委员会，请求市议会的支持。
17. inch /ɪntʃ/ n. 英寸；少量，短距离（3）【原句背诵】“It has given me everything I asked it for. You’ve changed lots, Jimmy. I never thought you were tall by two or three inches.”【联想拓展】inch by inch 逐渐地within an inch of 差一点by inches adv. 缓慢地；一点一点地，逐渐地；好不容易地give sb an inch (and they'll take a mile/yard 得寸进尺foot n. 英尺；脚，足1 inch=2.54cm 12 inches=1 foot【熟词生义】inch作动词时，意思是“（使朝某方向）谨慎移动”。She moved forward, inching towards the rope. 她小心翼翼地慢慢向绳子挪过去。He inched his way through the narrow passage. 他一点一点地穿过狭窄的通道。
18. arm in arm 臂挽着臂（3）【原句背诵】The two men walked up the street, arm in arm. 【联想拓展】in arms 怀抱着的；武装起来的at arm's length 疏远；在手臂伸得到的地方cost/pay an arm and a leg （使）花一大笔钱keep sb at arm's length 保持距离；不亲近某人hand in hand手拉手 side by side 肩并肩 should to shoulder 肩并肩【经典例句】They had taken to wandering through the streets arm-in-arm. 他们已经养成了臂挽着臂漫步街头的习惯。Watching the old couple walking along the beach arm in arm gives me a sense of happiness. 看着这对老夫妻手挽手走在沙滩上，我有一种幸福的感觉。
19. outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ vt. 概述，略述 n. 概述；轮廓线，略图（3）【原句背诵】The man from the West was beginning to outline the history of his career.【联想拓展】outline sth (to sb) 概述；略述an outline agreement/proposal 协议╱建议纲要an outline map/sketch 略图；草图in outline 画…的草图(或轮廓)；概括地，扼要地【经典例句】We outlined our proposals to the committee. 我们向委员会提纲挈领地讲了讲我们的提案。The mayor outlined his plan to clean up the town's image. 市长概述了他清理整顿该市形象的计划。They saw the huge building outlined against the sky. 他们看见了在天空的映衬下那座巨大建筑的轮廓。 You should draw up a plan or an outline for the essay. 你应该为文章草拟个计划或提纲。 The book describes in outline the main findings of the research. 本书扼要叙述了主要的研究结果。
20. suspect vt.&vi. /səˈspekt/ 怀疑 n. /ˈsʌspekt/ 嫌疑犯，可疑对象（3）【原句背诵】“As I suspected, you’re not Jimmy Wells,” he said, impatient with anger. “Twenty years is a long time, but not long enough to change the shape of a man’s nose.”【联想拓展】suspect sb (of sth/of doing sth) 怀疑（某人有罪）suspicion n. 不好的预感，猜想；（对某人有罪、不诚实等的）怀疑suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的，怀疑的；不信任的，持怀疑态度的suspiciously adv. 怀疑地；猜疑地【经典例句】I suspected her motives in offering to help. 她主动要帮忙，我怀疑她的动机。 Some parents hesitate to take these steps because they suspect that their child is exaggerating. 一些家长迟迟不肯采取这些措施，因为他们怀疑自己的孩子在夸大其词。The police say they suspect the attack was carried out by animal rights activists. 警方说他们怀疑这次袭击是由保护动物权利的激进分子实施的。The suspect had refused to give any details of his identity and had carried no documents on his person. 嫌疑犯拒绝交代任何有关他身份的细节，身上也没带任何证件。The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths. 人们怀疑这种药物造成200多人死亡。
【链接高考】（2020山东卷）In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. 在撒马尔罕，比塞尔先生很欣赏这些建筑奇观，但是在去布哈拉的路上，他领略了警察处理毒品交易的方法。 （2020天津卷）The thief tries to escape. And the officer can’t let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground.小偷试图逃跑。 警官不能让他跑了。 他拿出一个特殊的装置，对准嫌疑人，打开开关。 小偷倒在地上。 （2013江苏卷）But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.但罗斯柴尔德博士认为情况并非如此。 他怀疑是其他动物的进化导致了这种变化。
21. arrest /əˈrest/ n.&vt. 逮捕，拘捕（3） under arrest 被逮捕（3）【原句背诵】“It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one,” said the tall man, taking charge of the situation. “You’ve been under arrest for ten minutes, ‘Silky’ Bob.”【联想拓展】arrest sb (for sth) 逮捕；拘留under arrest 被逮捕，被捕under house arrest 在软禁中【经典例句】Police arrested five young men in connection with one of the attacks. 警方逮捕了与其中一起袭击事件有关的5名年轻男子。A man has been arrested in connection with the robbery. 一名男子因与这桩抢劫案有关已被逮捕。She was arrested for drug-related offences. 她因涉嫌毒品犯罪而被捕。She was under arrest on suspicion of murder. 她因涉嫌谋杀而被逮捕。
22. wire /ˈwaɪə(r)/ vt. 给（某人）打电报；接通电源 n. 金属丝；电线；铁丝网（3）【原句背诵】Chicago police thought you might have dropped over our way and wired us.【联想拓展】wire sth (up) 用导线给（建筑物、设备等）接通电源wire sb/sth up (to sth)/wire sb/sth to sth 将…连接到wire sb sth/wire (sth) (to sb) 给（某人）打电报wireless adj. 无线的，使用无线电信号的; n. 无线电发射和接收系统a coil of copper wire 一卷铜丝wiry adj. 金属线制的；金属丝般的；坚硬的【经典例句】Make sure the plug is wired up correctly. 插头一定要接对。He wired us the news. /He wired the news to us. 他打电报把这个消息通知了我们。The box was fastened with a rusty wire. 那个箱子是用生锈的铁丝捆紧的。
23. criminal /ˈkrɪmɪn(ə)l/ n. 罪犯 adj. 犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的，不道德的（3）【原句背诵】“Bob: I was at the appointed place on time. When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the criminal wanted in Chicago.”【联想拓展】criminal offences/behaviour 刑事犯罪；犯罪行为criminality n. 有罪，犯罪；犯罪行为criminalize v. （使）不合法，非法；把……当罪犯对待；宣告（某人）有罪；宣布……为不合法criminally adv. 刑法上；犯了罪地，有罪地【经典例句】This is a criminal waste of resources. 这是一种浪费资源的可耻行为。A group of gunmen attacked a prison and set free nine criminals. 一伙持枪歹徒袭击了一所监狱并放走了9名罪犯。They would be sacked for criminal or scandalous behaviour. 他们会因犯罪行为或不道德的行为而遭解雇。
24. anyhow /ˈenihaʊ/ adv. 不过，总之；尽管如此；而且；随便地（3）【原句背诵】“Anyhow, I couldn’t arrest you myself, so I got a plain-clothes man to do the job. JIMMY.”【同义词】anyway adv. adv. 不管怎样，无论如何；而且，加之；尽管，即使这样It's too expensive and anyway the colour doesn't suit you. 这个太贵，而且颜色也不适合你。I'm afraid we can't come, but thanks for the invitation anyway. 恐怕我们来不了，不过还是感谢邀请。【经典例句】No matter how far it is, I'll go there anyhow. 什么远不远的，我去定了。Anyhow you must finish this work today. 你今天总要完成这项工作吧。Anyhow, I think the paper is well prepared. 尽管如此，我觉得论文准备得很充分。
25. innocent /ˈɪnəsnt/ adj. 无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的 n. 无辜者，单纯的人（5）【原句背诵】Why had he turned into a criminal? How I wish he were innocent!【联想拓展】 be innocent of sth无辜的；清白的；无罪的an innocent bystander 无辜受害的旁观者innocent victims of a bomb blast 炸弹爆炸中的无辜受害者an innocent young child 天真无邪的小孩子innocently adv. 纯洁地；无罪地innocence n. 天真，单纯；清白，无罪【同义词】innocent作“天真无邪的，纯真的”意思时，其同义词是naïve adj. 天真的；纯朴的；幼稚的【反义词】innocent作“无辜的，清白的，无罪的”意思时，其反义词是guilty adj. 内疚的，羞愧的；有罪的
【经典例句】The kids seemed so young and innocent. 那些小孩看上去如此少不更事。He was sure that the man was innocent of any crime. 他确信此人是清白无罪的。In this country, you are innocent until proved guilty. 在这个国家，一个人在被证实有罪之前，就是清白的。【链接高考】（2013四川卷）“Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people,” Judge Richard Hone told McCormick.法官理查德·霍恩告诉麦考密克说:“你的欺骗行为仅仅是为了获取巨额利润而出售大量无用的设备，这引发了一种虚假的安全感，而且可能在很大程度上导致了无辜民众的伤亡。”
26. legal /ˈliːɡ(ə)l/ adj. 合法的；法律的（5）【原句背诵】Hesitating over what to do, I continued listening to him, and I gradually becameconvinced that he had (5) made his fortune in ways that were not legal.【联想拓展】the legal profession/system 法律专业╱体系to take/seek legal advice 听取╱寻求法律咨询a legal adviser 法律顾问legal costs 律师费用legal protection 法律保护；合法保护legal services 法律服务legal responsibility 法律责任legal aid 法律援助legally adv. 合法地；法律上legality n. 合法；合法性；墨守法规legalize v. 使合法化，使得到法律认可【反义词】illegal adj. 非法的，违法的；违规的
【经典例句】What I did was perfectly legal. 我做的事情完全合法。She finally won the legal battle for compensation. 她终于赢得了这场要求赔偿的法律斗争。Stronger legal safeguards are needed to protect the consumer. 需要有更有力的法律措施来保护消费者。The driver was more than three times over the legal. 那名司机体内的酒精含量超过了法律允许限度的三倍。
27. principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n. 道德原则；法则；信条(5)【原句背诵】It was a difficult decision, but I stuck to my principles (8) anyhow. 【联想拓展】working principle 工作原理basic principle 基本原理on the principle of 根据...的原则design principle 设计原理operating principle 工作原理；操作原理guiding principle 指导原则operation principle 经营理念in principle 大体上，原则上the principles and practice of writing reports 报告写作的理论与实践【词形比较】principal n. （中小学）校长；大学校长 adj. 最重要的，首要的
【经典例句】It's not just a matter of principle. 这不仅仅是个原则问题。These people lack all understanding of scientific principles. 这些人缺乏对科学原理的全面理解。There are three fundamental principles of teamwork. 团队合作有三个基本原则。Buck never allowed himself to be bullied into doing anything that went against his principles. 巴克从来不让自己被迫做任何违背自己原则的事。They hold the principle that free education should be available for all children. 他们持有所有儿童都应该能享受免费教育的观念。【链接高考】（2019天津卷）With such models，scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. 通过这些模型，科学家们发现了食物网的一些关键原理。 （2018江苏卷）Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. 时间就是金钱，但这一原则对不同类型的餐馆有不同的含义。 （2018北京卷）They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. 他们学习飞行原理，并在各种飞行模拟器的驾驶舱中测试他们的操作技能。
28. decent /ˈdiːs(ə)nt/ adj. 正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的（5）【原句背诵】The old, decent Bob went away two decades ago. But I hope he’ll come back one day.【联想拓展】a decent meal/job/place to live 相当不错的饭菜╱工作╱住所ordinary, decent, hard-working people 勤劳、正派的普通人decently adv. 合适地；高雅地；正派地；亲切地【经典例句】He didn't get a decent explanation. 他没有得到一个合理的解释。But, after a decent interval, trade relations began to return to normal. 但是在一段适当的间断之后，贸易关系开始恢复正常。The majority of people around here are decent people. 这儿的大多数人都是正派人。Everyone said he was a decent sort of guy. 人人都说他是个品行端正的小伙子。
29. *burden /ˈbɜːdn/ n. （责任、义务等的）重担，负担（6）【原句背诵】Among every generation there are those who are willing to bear the heavy burdenof responsibility and devote themselves to working for the good of their countryand people. 【联想拓展】the burden (of sth)/a burden (on/to sb) （义务、责任等的）重担，负担to bear/carry/ease/reduce/share the burden 承受╱担负╱减轻╱减少╱分担重担burden sb/oneself (with sth) （使）担负（沉重或艰难的任务、职责等）to be burdened by high taxation 不堪重税负荷be burdened with sth 负重【经典例句】The developing countries bear the burden of an enormous external debt. 发展中国家背负着巨额外债的负担。The main burden of caring for old people falls on the state. 国家担负起了照料老人的大部分责任。I don't want to become a burden to my children when I'm old. 我不想在年老的时候成为孩子们的累赘。 I don't want to burden you with my worries. 我不想让你为我的烦恼操心。
【链接高考】（2019天津卷）By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. 打开一本小说，我可以摆脱我的负担，进入一个奇妙而神秘的世界，我现在是一个新的角色。（2015江苏卷）If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free.如果人们坚持要摆脱自力更生的负担和对共同利益的责任，他们将不再是自由的。
30. geophysicist /ˌdʒiːəʊˈfɪzɪsɪst/ n. 地球物理学家（6）31. core /kɔː(r)/ adj. 核心的，最重要的 n. 核心，最重要的部分（6）32. socialist /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ adj. 社会主义的 n. 社会主义者【原句背诵】 The geophysicist Huang Danian, who practised core socialist values, isa good example.【联想拓展】geophysics n. 地球物理；地球物理学geophysical adj. 地球物理学的geography n. 地理，地理学；地形，地貌；地理环境geographic adj. 地理的，地理学的core competence 核心竞争力；核心才能core competitiveness 核心竞争力core business 核心业务core value 核心价值the core values of (Chinese) socialism 社会主义核心价值观at the core of 在…的中心the earth's core 地核the core of the argument 争论的核心
【联想拓展】a socialist country 社会主义国家socialist beliefs 社会主义信仰social adj. 社会的；社会地位的，社会阶层的；社交的，交际的socialize v. 交往，交际；使合群，使适应社会生活socialization n. 社会化，社会主义化socialism n. 社会主义society n. 社会（以群体形式生活在一起的人的总称）；社群（某国家、地区、时期等的群体组织）【经典例句】Geophysicist Emile Okal agreed that the the tsunami spawned by the Chile earthquake wasn't really all that small. 地球物理学家埃米尔。欧卡尔认为智利地震产生的海啸其实真的不算小。The use of new technology is core to our strategy. 运用新技术是我们策略的关键。 The team is built around a core group of players. 这个队是以几名骨干队员为核心构建的。Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies. 对环境的关注是我们政策的核心。He's still a socialist at heart. 他本质上还是个社会主义者。Many of these early visitors were sympathetic to the Chinese socialist experiment. 这些早期访问者中的很多人都赞同中国的社会主义实验。
33. resign /rɪˈzaɪn/ vt.&vi. 辞职，辞去（6）【原句背诵】Eventually he resigned his post in the UK and returned to China to work at Jilin University in Changchun.【联想拓展】resign from sth/resign as sth 辞职；辞去（某职务）resign oneself to (doing) sth 听任；只好接受；顺从resigned adj. 顺从的；已辞职的；己放弃的resignation n. 辞职； 辞职信，辞呈；顺从，听任；（棋）认输【经典例句】 Mr Robb resigned his position last month. 罗布先生上个月辞去了他的职位。He resigned as manager after eight years. 八年后，他辞去了经理的职务。A hospital administrator has resigned over claims he lied to get the job. 一位医院主管因为有人声称他的职位是骗来的而辞职了。We had to resign ourselves to making a loss on the sale. 我们只好接受销售造成的亏损。
34. ward /wɔːd/ n. 病房（6）【原句背诵】In fact, he worked so hard that he did not pay enough attention to his own health. Sadly, he fell ill with cancer, but he continued to workeven in the hospital ward until he died in 2017 at the age of just 58.【联想拓展】a maternity/surgical/psychiatric/children's, etc. ward 产科、外科、精神科、儿科等病房【经典例句】He worked as a nurse on the children's ward . 他在儿科病房当护士。
35. substantial /səbˈstænʃ(ə)l/ adj. 大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的（6）【原句背诵】Huang excelled where he was working and made substantial contributions to hiscountry. 【联想拓展】substantial sums of money 大笔的钱a substantial change 重大变化substantial increase 大幅度增长substantial progress 实质性进展substantially adv. 实质上；大体上；充分地substantiality n. 实体；实质性；真实价值；内容【经典例句】Substantial numbers of people support the reforms. 相当多的人支持这些改革措施。A substantial number of mothers with young children are deterred from undertaking paid work because they lack access to childcare. 很多有小孩的母亲找不到人照顾小孩，从而无法从事带薪工作。
36. mineral /ˈmɪnərəl/ n. 矿物，矿物质（6）【原句背诵】His missions to map the world under the Earth’s surface helped discover valuable mineral resources and brought China’s knowledge and technology in this area alongside the world’s finest.【联想拓展】mineral resources 矿藏mineral deposits/extraction 矿藏；矿物开采mineral exploration 矿产勘探mineral industry 矿产业mineral substance 矿物质mineral product 矿产mineral spring n. 矿泉the recommended intake of vitamins and minerals 维生素和矿物质的建议摄入量【经典例句】Soft drinks and minerals sold here. 此处销售各种软饮料和汽水。The country possesses rich mineral resources. 这个国家有丰富的矿产资源。The product provided inadequate vitamin and mineral supplementation. 这种产品不能充分补充维生素和矿物质。
37. superb /suːˈpɜːb; sjuːˈpɜːb/ adj. 极佳的，卓越的，质量高的（7）【原句背诵】Lily used to be a fitness coach and a social media influencer. The number of her followers reached a million just last month. Every day, she would post photos of herself working out, or just posing in workout clothes. She looked superb in these photos.【联想拓展】a superb player 一名杰出的运动员superbly adv. 雄伟地；壮丽地；上等地；庄重地super adj. 极好的，极优秀的；超级的 【经典例句】His performance was absolutely superb. 他的表演精彩绝伦。There is a superb 18-hole golf course 6 miles away. 6英里外有个极好的18洞高尔夫球场。With superb skill the pilot managed to make a perfect landing. 飞行员以超凡的技巧设法完成了一次完美的着陆。The orchestra played superbly. 这支管弦乐队演奏得好极了。【链接高考】（2017江苏卷）Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs.人们发现，澳大利亚超级鹩莺在孵化卵时，会反复发出一种声音。
38. photographer /fəˈtɒɡrəfə(r)/ n. 摄影师，拍照者（7）【原句背诵】Actually, they were taken by a professional photographer. 【联想拓展】a wildlife/fashion/portrait photographer 野生动物╱时装╱人像摄影师a professional photographer 一名专业摄影师an amateur photographer 一名业余摄影爱好者photograph n. 照片，相片; v. 拍照，照相；在照片上显出某种样子photography n. 摄影，摄影术；摄影影像，摄影图片photographic adj. 摄影的，照片的；（记忆）精确的，能详细记录的【同义词】cameraman n. 摄影师；照相师；摄影记者 lensman n. 摄影师【链接高考】（2016全国新课标卷II）Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.弗兰克·赫尔利是一位自信而有天赋的澳大利亚摄影师，他了解南极，他被请来拍摄了这些照片，其中大多数照片以前从未公开发表过。
39. guilty /ˈɡɪlti/ adj. 感到内疚的，惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的（7）【原句背诵】Lily was not happy about the photos, though. “I was feeling guilty(4) because I was cheating my fans,” she said.【联想拓展】feel/be guilty about 感到愧疚be/feel guilty of 有……之过错；犯了罪；有过失的；有罪责的guiltily adv. 内疚地；有罪地guilt n. 内疚；罪行；罪责guiltless adj. 无罪的，无辜的；没有……的，不知……的【反义词】innocent adj. 天真的，幼稚的；清白的，无罪的【经典例句】John had a guilty look on his face. 约翰脸上显出惭愧的表情。I had a guilty conscience and could not sleep. 我问心有愧，睡不着觉。I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often. 我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。The jury found the defendant not guilty of the offence. 陪审团裁决被告无罪。We've all been guilty of selfishness at some time in our lives. 我们每个人一生中都有过自私自利的过失。
40. ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/ adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬（7）41. forgive /fəˈɡɪv/ vt.&vi. (forgave, forgiven)原谅，宽恕；免除（债务）（7）【原句背诵】“I was so ashamed of myself. I couldn’t bear living a lie any more. I hope my fans can forgive me.”【联想拓展】be/feel ashamed (of sth/sb/oneself)/ (that...)/(to be sth) 惭愧；羞愧；尴尬be/ashamed to do sth 因惭愧而不情愿；羞于shame n. 羞耻，羞愧；羞耻心，羞耻感；令人惋惜的事，让人遗憾的事What a shame!多可惜! 真丢脸!shameful adj. 丢脸的，可耻的shameless adj. 无耻的，不要脸的forgive sb/oneself (for sth/for doing sth)/forgive sb sth 原谅；宽恕forgive me (for doing sth)/forgive my ... 对不起；请原谅forgive and forget 既往不咎；不念旧恶forgiveness n. 宽恕；宽仁之心【警示误区】forgive的过去式和过去分词是不规则变化，使用时一定要注意！
【经典例句】She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party. 她对自己在聚会上的行为深感羞愧。 I felt incredibly ashamed of myself for getting so angry. 我为自己发了这么大的脾气而感到极为惭愧。You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies. 你扯这种谎应该感到羞耻。The football riots made me ashamed to be English. 足球骚乱事件使我身为英国人汗颜得无地自容。I'm ashamed to say that I lied to her. 我真不好意思说我向她撒了谎。I'll never forgive her for what she did. 我绝不会原谅她做的事。I'd never forgive myself if she heard the truth from someone else. 如果她从别人那里听到了真相，我永远不会原谅自己。 Forgive me for interrupting, but I really don't agree with that point. 请原谅我打岔，不过我确实不同意那种观点。Forgive my ignorance, but what exactly does the company do? 请原谅我的无知，这家公司到底是干什么的？
【链接高考】（2012广东卷）I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known. I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help. 我双目失明，但如果被人知道，我感到很羞愧。 我拒绝使用白色的棍子，也讨厌寻求帮助。 （2020新课标卷II）Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery.那些观看阿博特大厅临时展览的人可能会认为他们是在一个城市的画廊里。 （2018天津卷）I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place.“我把她推到前门，向家人挥手，说: “对不起，请原谅我们，你们的房子真的很好。” （2014辽宁卷）Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show. 原谅他的错误判断，安静地移动一下，欣赏表演。
42. cheat /tʃiːt/ vt. 欺骗，蒙骗 vi. 作弊，舞弊（7）【原句背诵】f because I was cheating my fans【联想拓展】cheat sb (out) of sth （尤指用不诚实或不正当的手段）阻止某人得到某物；欺骗某人某物cheat sb into (doing) sth骗某人做某事cheat one’s way into 欺骗；蒙骗cheater n. 骗子；作弊者【同义词】to cheat / fool / trick / sb out of sth to cheat / fool / deceive / betray / trick / sb into doing sth to feel cheated / fooled / deceived / betrayed / tricked to cheat / trick / one’s way into sth【熟词生义】cheat n. 欺骗，行骗；作弊；骗子；作弊者；欺骗行为【经典例句】The clerk is accused of attempting to cheat the customers. 店员被指控企图蒙骗顾客。He cheated his way into the job. 他骗取了这份工作。Many people feel cheated by the government‘s refusal to hold a referendum（全民公决）. 由于政府拒绝举行公民投票表决，许多人都觉得上当受骗。The company engaged in a deliberate effort to cheat them out of their pensions. 该公司曾蓄意诈取他们的养老金。
【链接高考】（2019北京卷）Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. 有了这些知识，他们就能够开展单独的有针对性的活动来欺骗人们。 （2013四川卷）It is believed that James McCormick got about $ 77.8 million from the sales of his detectors — which were based on a kind of golf ball finder — to countries including Iraq, Belgium and Saudi Arabia. McCormick, 57, was convicted of cheats last month and sentenced Thursday at the Old Bailey court in London. 人们相信詹姆斯·麦考密克向伊拉克、比利时和沙特阿拉伯等国出售了一种高尔夫球探测仪，从中获得了约7780万美元。 57岁的麦考密克上个月被判犯有诈骗罪，周四在伦敦的老贝利法庭被判刑。
43. wrap /ræp/ vt. 包，裹，用…缠绕 n. 披肩，围巾；包裹材料（8）44. parcel /ˈpɑːsl/ n. 包裹，小包；一块地 vt. 裹好，打包（8）45. bow /bəʊ/ n. 蝴蝶结 /baʊ/ vi. 鞠躬（8）【原句背诵】“Happy birthday, Anne,” said my grandma, handing me a brightly wrapped parcel with a big red bow.【联想拓展】wrap sth (up) (in sth) 包，裹（礼物等）wrap A (up) in Bwrap B round/around A 用…包裹（或包扎、覆盖等）wrap up 伪装；使全神贯注；穿暖和的衣服be wrapped up in sb/sth 专心致志于；全神贯注于；完全沉浸于part and parcel of 不可缺少的一部分parcel sth (up) 包；裹好；打包parcel sth out 把某物分开；把某物（在几个人之间）分bow (down) (to/before sb/sth) 鞠躬；点头；屈从于人；听任摆布bow out (of) 退出，告别（尤指一度成功的事业）【警示误区】wrap作动词时，其现在分词、过去式和过去分词要双写字母p，再加ing和ed，即wrapping, wrapped, wrapped。
【经典例句】Harry had carefully bought and wrapped presents for Mark to give the children. 哈里已精心为马克买好、包好那些给孩子们的礼物。He spent the evening wrapping up the Christmas presents. 他花了一个晚上的时间把圣诞礼物都包了起来。 I never thought I should ever own such a splendid wrap. 我从来没想过自己会有这么漂亮的围巾。The teacher was carrying a parcel of books under her arm. 老师腋下夹着一包书。 Learning about life in a new culture is part and parcel of what newcomers to America face. 学习在一种新的文化中生活是每一个新来美国的人要面对的事情中的重要部分。They also sent parcels of food and clothing. 他们还寄送了成包的食品和衣物。She parcelled up the books to send. 她把要寄走的书包了起来。The land was parcelled out into small lots. 这块地被分成了若干小块。She bowed her head in shame. 她羞愧地低下了头。They bowed low to Louis and hastened out of his way. 他们向路易斯深深地鞠躬并迅速给他让路。The government finally bowed to pressure from the public. 政府终于在公众的压力下让步了。Li Na finally decided it’s time to bow out of international tennis. 李娜最终认定是退出世界网坛的时候了。
【链接高考】（2012江西卷）A beam(光束) of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow(光芒)，until they themselves seemed to be glowing. 一道耀眼的白光从电脑屏幕上发射出来，把两个男孩裹在其中，最后他们自己似乎也在发光。 （2014浙江卷）Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, polite bow.新加坡人见面时握手，也经常礼貌地鞠躬致意。
46. nephew /ˈnefjuː/ n. 侄子，外甥（8）【原句背诵】 It was my birthday dinner, a special treat, and the whole family were there—my parents, grandma, grandad, aunt, uncle and nephew.【联想拓展】niece n. 侄女，外甥女
47. disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ adj. 失望的，沮丧的（8）【原句背诵】Frankly speaking, I was disappointed but I smiled as broadly as I could.【联想拓展】be/feel disappointed (at/by sth)be/feel disappointed (in/with sb/sth)be/feel disappointed (to see, hear, etc.)be/feel disappointed (that) 失望的；沮丧的；失意的disappointedly adv. 失望地disappointing adj. 令人失望的，令人扫兴的; v. （使）失望（disappoint 的现在分词形式）disappoint v. 使失望；使破灭，使落空disappointment n. 失望，沮丧；令人失望的人，让人扫兴的事【警示误区】disappointed表示“被动”意义，disappointing表示“主动”意义。
【经典例句】They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game. 他们对比赛结果极为失望。I'm disappointed in you—I really thought I could trust you! 你真让我失望—我原以为可以相信你的！She tried her hardest not to show how disappointed she was. 她竭力不流露出自己有多失望。I‘m disappointed (that) my favorite CD was sold out. 我最喜欢的CD都卖完了，我感到很失望。【链接高考】（2018全国卷III）The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. 这个城市挤满了失望的人，他们没有兴趣定居下来，当他们听说阿拉斯加有新的金矿发现时，他们离开了道森市，就像他们来的时候一样快。 （2015全国卷I）Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. 我对许多破碎的、虚假的承诺感到失望，多年来我一直拒绝购买冬季番茄。
48. wrinkle /ˈrɪŋk(ə)l/ n. 皱纹；褶皱，皱纹 vt. 起皱纹，皱纹；起皱纹（8）【原句背诵】Grandma smiled back happily at me, with deep wrinkles around her eyes.Well, I couldn’t tell her the truth, could I?【联想拓展】wrinkle (sth) (up) （使脸上）起皱纹；皱起【经典例句】The old man’s face was covered with wrinkles. 老人的脸布满了皱纹。There were fine wrinkles around her eyes. 她眼角上出现了鱼尾纹。For the most part, wrinkle lines are due to sun exposure and age. 在大多数情况下，皱纹是由于日晒和年龄造成的。The skin on her cheeks and around her eyes was beginning to wrinkle. 她脸颊上和眼睛周围的皮肤开始起皱纹了。Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. 岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤；热忱抛却，颓废必致灵魂。
49. *pause /pɔːz/ vi. 停顿，暂停 n. 停顿，停顿的时间（8）【原句背诵】When I gave the dress to Anne for her birthday, I saw the excitement in hereyes as she tore off the wrapping paper. She paused briefly when she first sawthe dress.【联想拓展】give (sb) pause 使认真考虑；使犹豫【经典例句】I paused at the door and looked back. 我停在门口，回头看了看。Pausing only to pull on a sweater, he ran out of the house. 他只停下来穿了件毛衣就冲出了屋外。The woman spoke almost without pausing for breath (= very quickly) . 那女人说话像放连珠炮似的。There was a long pause before she answered. 她停了好一会儿才回答。David waited for a pause in the conversation so he could ask his question. 戴维等着谈话停下来，好问个问题。
【链接高考】（2019江苏卷）Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger. 长时间的停顿，心在下沉。 但史蒂夫坚持了下来，这是他有生以来第一次为一个陌生人演奏。 （2017天津卷）After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.爬上一座小山，欣赏蓝色的大海、白色的建筑和绿色的橄榄树的全景后，我停下来喘口气，然后调整自己的位置，拍下这张全景照片中最好的一张。
50. sew /səʊ/ vi.&vt. (sewed, sewn) 缝，做针线活；缝上（8）【原句背诵】I know that the old and the young do not always share the same tastes and I was happy that she liked it. All the hours of sewing were worth it when I saw the look of joy on her face.【联想拓展】to sew by hand/machine 手工缝制；用机器缝sewing n. 缝纫；缝纫业sewer n. 下水道；阴沟；裁缝师sew sth (on) 缝制；缝补；缝上sew up 缝合，缝入；确保…的成功【警示误区】sew的过去式和过去分词是不规则变化，使用时要注意！【经典例句】My mother taught me how to sew. 我母亲教我做针线。She sewed the dresses on the sewing machine. 她在缝纫机上缝制了这些衣服。My grandmother is so plain that she would sew up her worn-out clothes and wear them again and again. 我的祖母非常之节俭，她会一次又一次地缝补她穿破了的衣服然后穿上。
51. pretend /prɪˈtend/ vi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为（8）【原句背诵】I stood there in awkward silence. Then I walked away, pretending not to have heard anything. However, I felt cheated and it really depressed me.【联想拓展】pretend to do sth假装做某事pretend to be doing sth假装正在做某事pretend to have done sth假装做过某事pretend (to sb) that…假装；佯装pretender n. 冒牌者；妄求者；妄提要求者pretence n. 假象，伪装；借口，托词【经典例句】The book doesn't pretend to be a great work of literature. 这本书并未自封为文学杰作。I'm tired of having to pretend all the time. 我讨厌老得装假。 He pretended to his family that everything was fine. 他对家人佯称一切都好。 I pretend that things are really okay when they're not. 我在情况不好的时候假装一切真地没事。
【链接高考】（2019天津卷）So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading. 所以我随身带着一本书，每天晚上，就像她一样，我假装在看书。（2014福建卷）The story ends with the wedding day: as Cinderella’s two stepsisters followed her, pretending to be devoted to her so that they could enjoy the king’s riches. 故事以婚礼那天结束：灰姑娘的两个继姐妹跟着她，假装对她很忠诚，以便能享受国王的财富。 （2012广东卷）But in a strange and comfortable way, it’s nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don’t care all that much. 但以一种奇怪而又舒适的方式，知道他们假装关心，而实际上他们根本不在乎，这很好。
52. *privilege /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/ n. 荣幸；特殊利益 vt. 给予特权，特别优待（11）【原句背诵】Honoured guests, teachers and students, it is my pleasure and privilege to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion.【经典例句】The Russian Federation has issued a decree（法令）abolishing special privileges for government officials. 俄罗斯联邦已颁布了一条取消政府官员特权的法令。Education should be a universal right and not a privilege. 教育应当是全民的权利而非某部分人特别享有的。 You can enjoy all the benefits and privileges of club membership. 你可以享受俱乐部成员的一切福利和优惠。As a member of the nobility, his life had been one of wealth and privilege. 身为贵族中的一员，他过着有钱有势的生活。 I hope to have the privilege of working with them again. 但愿有幸与他们再度合作。In some countries, the president can privilege somebody from death penalty. 在一些国家，总统可以给判死刑的人特权让他们免除死刑。
53. *embrace /ɪmˈbreɪs/ vt.&vi. 欣然接受；包含；拥抱（11） 54. phase /feɪz/ n. 阶段，时期（11）【原句背诵】I have seen you grow from nervous Senior 1 students into confident young adults, who sit before me today, ready to embrace the next phase of your lives. 【联想拓展】embracement n. 拥抱；环绕；领会embracer n. 拥抱者；信奉者；接受者the initial/final phase of the project 工程的初始╱最后阶段a critical/decisive phase 关键性╱决定性阶段the design phase 设计阶段in phase/out of phase (with sth) 协调；不协调【经典例句】 Penelope came forward and embraced her sister. 佩内洛普走上前来拥抱了她的妹妹。At first people were sort of crying for joy and embracing each other. 开始时人们有点喜极而泣，互相拥抱。The talks embraced a wide range of issues. 这些谈话涉及的问题非常广泛。The crisis is entering a crucial, critical phase. 危机正进入一个至关重要的决定性阶段。The wedding marked the beginning of a new phase in Emma's life. 婚礼标志着埃玛生活新阶段的开始。McCarthy was asked to analyse the data from the first phase of trials of the vaccine. 麦卡西被要求分析从这种疫苗试验的第一阶段取得的数据。
55. *anchor /ˈæŋkə(r)/ n. 锚；给以安全感的人（或物）vi.&vt. 抛锚；使固定（11）56. mercy/ˈmɜːsi/ n. 仁慈，宽恕（11） at the mercy of 任…处置，对…无能为力（11）57. likewise /ˈlaɪkwaɪz/ adv. 同样地；也，而且（11）【原句背诵】A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds; likewise, a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.【联想拓展】the anchor of the family 全家的顶梁柱anchor sb/sth (in/to sth) 使扎根；使基于be anchored in 基于；扎根to ask/beg/plead for mercy 请求╱乞求╱祈求宽恕have mercy on 对…怜悯show mercy to 对…怜悯in one's mercy 出于慈悲；出于恻隐之心without mercy 残忍地；毫不留情地leave sb/sth to the mercy/mercies of sb/sth 听任某人可能受到虐待（而无能为力）merciful adj. 宽大的，仁慈的；带来幸运的，给人解脱的merciless adj. 残忍的；无慈悲心的
【熟词生义】n. 节目主持人 v. 主持（电视、广播节目）Tom worked in the news division of ABC – he was the anchor of its 15-minute evening newscast. 汤姆以前在美国广播公司的新闻部工作---他是该公司15分钟晚间新闻节目的主持人。She anchored the evening news for seven years. 她主持了七年晚间新闻报道。 【警示误区】注意从mercy到merciful和merciless的词形变化！【经典例句】The ship lay at anchor two miles off the rocky coast. 船在离岩岸两英里处抛锚停泊。We anchored off the coast of Spain. 我们在西班牙沿海抛锚停泊。Her novels are anchored in everyday experience. 她的小说取材自日常生活经验。It's a mercy she wasn't seriously hurt. 幸运的是她伤势不重。They showed no mercy to their hostages. 他们对人质丝毫不讲仁慈。I'm not going to put myself at the mercy of the bank. 我不想任由银行摆布。The profession is very much at the mercy of the market place. 这个行业在很大程度上受市场的支配。He voted for the change and he expected his colleagues to do likewise. 他投票赞成变革并期望他的同事投同样的票。Likewise, many teachers have an intuitive sense that different students have different learning styles. 同样地，许多教师有一种直觉，认为不同的学生有不同的学习风格。Likewise, Americans consider eye contact very important, often not trusting someone who is afraid to look you in the eye. 同样，美国人认为眼神交流很重要，他们通常不信任不敢直视你眼睛的人。
【链接高考】（2017全国卷I）If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree. 如果我能找到巢穴，我也许能把它放回去，但运气不好。 我的下一个工作是建造一个鸟巢，并把它固定在树上。 （2013全国卷I）Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots. 重复看到两个点的婴儿在听到三个鼓点时比只听到两个鼓点时更加兴奋; 同样的，当研究人员从鼓声开始，然后移动到点时也是这样的。
58. deadline /ˈdedlaɪn/ n. 最后期限，截止日期（11）59. guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ n. 指导；导航（11）【原句背诵】This means meeting deadlines for your schoolwork, following your teachers’ guidance, and of course, always aiming for academic excellence. 【联想拓展】meet the deadline 赶上最后期限；按期完成the January 15 deadline set by the United Nations 联合国规定的1月15日最后期限guidance for teachers on how to use video in the classroom 对教师提供的课堂录像教学指导a guidance counselor（学生）咨询顾问a missile guidance system 导弹制导系统under the guidance of 在…的指引下guide v. 带领，引导（某人至某地）n. 指南，手册；导游，向导guideline n. 指导方针，准则；参考; 参考【警示误区】注意从guide到guidance的词形变化！
【经典例句】The deadline for applications is 30 April. 交申请书的截止日期是4月30日。They have extended the deadline by twenty-four hours. 他们已经将最后期限延长了24小时。We were not able to meet the deadline because of manufacturing delays. 由于生产延误，我们没能在截止日期前完成工作。Students may decide to seek tutorial guidance. 学生们可以决定寻求助教的指导。She received very little career guidance when young. 她年轻时没受过什么就业指导。Activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced tutor. 所有活动都在经验丰富的导师指导下进行。He wants to improve his spoken English under the guidance of a British teacher. 他想在一位英国老师的指导下提高他的英语口语。
【链接高考】（2019全国卷I）The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program. 省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生找到暑期工作。 截止日期和你需要申请什么取决于项目。 （2020浙江卷）To show the versatility (多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play. 为了展示这出短剧的多面性，我把指导剧、广播剧和电视剧都列入其中。（2016北京卷）For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. 对前几代人来说，上大学是摆脱父母控制的决定性时刻; 指导和支持需要来自同龄人和内部的帮助。（2014湖南卷）Practise under the guidance of some experienced writers and teachers who can help you with basic writing skills. 在一些有经验的作家和老师的指导下练习，他们可以帮助你掌握基本的写作技巧。
60. fault /fɔːlt/ n. 过错，责任；弱点，缺点（11）【原句背诵】As you go through your daily life, you will encounter many difficult situations where things may go wrong. Instead of being quick to blame others, analyse the problem, and if it is indeed your own fault, be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it.【联想拓展】find fault with 挑剔；批评；抱怨find fault with sb 挑某人毛病; 找某人的茬find fault in 看出……的缺点; 找出……的毛病find fault and make trouble 寻事惹非 faulty adj. 有故障的，有缺陷的；（思维方法）有错误的faultless adj. 完美的；无缺点的【经典例句】It's your own fault for being careless. 你粗心大意是你自己的过失。Why should I say sorry when it's not my fault ? 不是我的错为什么要我道歉？He's proud of his children and blind to their faults. 他为孩子们感到自豪，对他们的缺点视而不见。I was disappointed whenever the cook found fault with my work. 每当厨师挑我工作上的毛病时，我都很失望。
61. virtue /ˈvɜːtʃuː/ n. 美德；正直的品性；优点 （11）【原句背诵】This way, you practice the virtue of courage. Always give your best in whatever you set out to do, however difficult that might be. This way, you practise the virtue of determination.【联想拓展】have the virtue of 具有…的优点by/in virtue of 由于，凭借virtual adj. 几乎……的，实质上的；（在计算机或互联网上存在或出现的）虚拟的，模拟的virtuous adj. 道德高尚的，品行端正的；自命清高的【同义词】当virtue意思是“优点”时，其同义词可以是advantage。【经典例句】Modesty is a kind of virtue. 谦虚是一种美德。It's not a virtue to speak ill of others in private. 私底下说别人坏话不是一种美德。They could see no virtue in discussing it further. 他们看不到再讨论下去有什么用处。She got the job by virtue of her greater experience. 她由于经验较为丰富而得到了那份工作。The new product is beyond all praise and has quickly taken over the market by virtue of its superior quality. 这款新产品很快就广受赞誉，并因其超好的质量迅速占领市场。Everyone has his shortcomings, but we can make a virtue of our own shortcomings and turn them into our advantages. 每个人都有缺点，但是我们可以利用我们自己的缺点，并将其转化为优点。
【链接高考】（2017全国卷II）Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. 我们俩都具有美国演员的典型品质和美德: 幽默、好斗、互相取笑——但总是隐含着一种情感。
62. integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. 诚实正直；完好（12）【原句背诵】Be honest by saying what you mean and by meaning what you say. This way, youpractise the virtue of integrity.【联想拓展】personal/professional/artistic integrity 个人的╱职业上的╱艺术家的诚实正直to behave with integrity 行为表现诚实正直to respect the territorial integrity of the nation 尊重该国的领土完整【经典例句】I have always regarded him as a man of integrity. 我一直把他当作一个正直诚实的人。He inspires affection and respect as a man of unquestionable integrity. 作为一个无可争议的正直的人，他赢得了人们的爱戴与尊敬。Integrity and honesty are words that spring to mind when talking of the man. 谈到这个人时就会马上想到“正直”和“诚实”这两个词。Separatist movements are a threat to the integrity of the nation. 分裂活动是对国家领土完整的威胁。
63. organic /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ adj. 有机的，统一的；绿色的；生物的（12）【原句背诵】Society is an organic whole, and as social beings, we have a responsibility to make a contribution. 【联想拓展】organic cheese/vegetables/wine, etc. 有机奶酪、蔬菜、酒等an organic farmer/gardener 实行有机栽培的农民╱园艺师organic farming/horticulture 有机种植╱园艺organ n. （人体或动植物的）器官organism n. 生物，有机体，（尤指）微生物；有机组织，有机体系organically adv. 有机地；有组织地；器官上地【经典例句】The farm has changed over to organic methods. 农场已改用有机肥料的耕作方法。Most supermarkets sell a range of organic products. 多数超市都经销一系列有机产品。There's an increased demand for organic produce these days. 目前对有机农产品有更大的需求。
【链接高考】（2017全国卷II）What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. 植物泵入空气的是一种被称为挥发性有机化合物(简称VOCs)的化学混合物。 （2013辽宁卷）Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles. We now shop at organic (有机的) stores. 在“绿色年”的过程中，我们完全改变了我们的生活方式。 我们现在在有机商店购物。
64. starfish /ˈstɑːfɪʃ/ n. 海星，星鱼（12）【原句背诵】You may have heard the story of a small boy who tried to save starfish left on the beach after a storm, by throwing them back into the sea.65. discouraged /dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒd/ adj. 灰心的，泄气的（12）【原句背诵】Passers-by told him that he was wasting his time, for he could not possibly save them all. However, the boy was not discouraged, believing that he could make a difference to the ones that he saved.【联想拓展】discouraging adj. 使人沮丧的；令人气馁的discourage v. 使泄气，使灰心；使打消念头，劝阻；阻碍discourage sb (from doing sth) 使灰心；使泄气；使丧失信心discouragement n. 气馁；挫折；劝阻【警示误区】discouraged表示“被动”意义，discouraging表示“主动”意义。【经典例句】She was determined not to be too discouraged. 她下了决心不要太气馁。Aren't you discouraged by the slow progress your staff is making? 你的员工进步这么缓慢，你不感到气馁吗？The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. 这次失败对他是一个巨大的打击，但他没有气馁，很快又恢复了热情。
【链接高考】（2021全国甲卷）Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not. 我们的星球能承受任何伟大的思想家变得气馁和放弃吗? 不是天才就能知道答案：绝对不行。 （2020天津卷）How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. 你应该如何开始? 要虚心，以免变得气馁。
66. garbage /ˈɡɑːbɪdʒ/ n. 垃圾；废话（12）【原句背诵】For example, picking up garbage around your neighbourhood contributes to a cleaner environment. 67. saving /ˈseɪvɪŋ/ n. 节省物，节省；储蓄金（12）【原句背诵】Being energy-efficient leads to savings of our precious natural resources. 68. bonus /ˈbəʊnəs/ n. 意外收获；奖金，红利（12）【原句背诵】 Just like the “starfish boy”, you may even inspire people around you to do the same, which is an added bonus.
69. weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重…的思想负担（12）【原句背诵】So, dear students, take your first step into the adult world by accepting yourresponsibilities, so that adulthood will be an enjoyable and rewarding experiencefor both you and those around you. Sometimes, responsibilities may weigh heavilyon you. 【联想拓展】weigh one’s words 推敲；斟酌字句weigh sb down 使烦恼；使焦虑；使忧心忡忡weigh sb up（通过观察或谈话）形成对…的看法，品评weigh sth (up)/ weigh (up) sth (against sth) 认真考虑；权衡；斟酌【经典例句】The responsibilities weigh heavily on him. 他肩负重任，寝食不安。Something was weighing on her mind. 她心事重重。 The responsibilities of the job are weighing her down. 这项工作的责任压得她喘不过气来。I weighed up the benefits of the plan against the risks involved. 我认真权衡了这个计划的优点和有关的风险。
70. jade /dʒeɪd/ n. 玉，碧玉（12）71. sow /səʊ/ vt.&vi. (sowed, sown) 播种，种（12）72. harvest /ˈhɑːvɪst/ n. 收成，收货量；收获季节，收割 vt.&vi. 收割，捕猎（12）【原句背诵】However, just as the Chinese saying goes, “Jade is good-for-nothing if not carved.” A man cannot be perfected without trials. Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow. I wish you every success in your adult life!【联想拓展】sow sth (in/on sth)/sow sth (with sth) 播种；种sow the seeds of sth 成为…的肇端；播下…的种子the grain harvest 谷物的收成a good/bad harvest (= a lot of crops or few crops) 丰收；歉收【警示误区】sow的过去式是sowed, 过去分词是sown, 使用时要注意！【同音词】sew /səʊ/ v. 缝，缝纫，缝补
【经典例句】The fields around had been sown with wheat. 周围的地里种上了小麦。Sow the seed in a warm place in February/March. 在2月或3月里把种子播在温暖的地方。Farmers are extremely busy during the harvest. 农民在收获季节里十分忙碌。 There was about 300 million tons of grain in the fields at the start of the harvest. 收割伊始田间大约有三亿吨的谷物。 Millions of people are threatened with starvation as a result of drought and poor harvests. 数百万人因干旱和歉收正受到饥饿的威胁。Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops by hand. 这儿的稻农仍然靠双手种植和收割庄稼。
【链接高考】（2020新课标卷III）Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. 朱比拉多博士在菲律宾的萨马岛(Samal Island)长大时，第一次见到了巴焦人。 他们以潜水员、鱼叉捕鱼或捕捞贝类为生。 （2018江苏卷）The tool enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.这种工具使小型企业农民每小时可以收获175磅的绿色蔬菜，这比手工收获几十磅的蔬菜有了巨大的进步，突然之间，这些小农就有可能与加州的大农场竞争。 （2016江苏卷）A study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.一项研究发现，1997年强劲的尼非奥使美国经济增长了150亿美元，部分原因是农业收成更好，中西部的农民从额外的降雨中获益。
73. rejoice /rɪˈdʒɔɪs/ n. 非常高兴，深感欣喜（13）【原句背诵】Worry before all others worry; rejoice after all others have rejoiced. —Fan Zhongyan【联想拓展】rejoice (at/in/over sth) 非常高兴；深感欣喜Rejoice 飘柔；庆幸；欣喜；快乐【经典例句】When the war ended, people finally had cause to rejoice. 战争结束，人们终于可以欢欣鼓舞了。The motor industry is rejoicing at the cut in car tax. 汽车工业对汽车减税感到非常高兴。We both rejoice at moments of success, and feel frustrated at setbacks. 这期间，我们不时享受着成功的喜悦，也品味了诸多挫折的沮丧。
74. quote /kwəʊt/ n. 引语，原话 vt.&vi. 引用，引述；举例说明（13）【原句背诵】This quote tells us that a person should act for the benefit of society at large.【联想拓展】quote (sth) (from sb/sth)/quote (sb) (as doing sth) 引用；引述 quotation n. 引语，引文；音乐（或艺术品）片段的引用；引用，引述【经典例句】The reporter quoted a passage from the minister’s speech. 记者引用了部长的一段讲话。The President was quoted in the press as saying that he disagreed with the decision. 报刊援引总统的话，说他不赞成这项决定。
牛津英语单元词汇详解 选择性 必修四 Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility
1. barely adv. 刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才（2） 【原句背诵】The policeman on the beat walked along the street as he always did. It was barely ten o’clock at night.【经典例句】We barely had time to catch the train. 我们差点没赶上火车。He was barely 20 years old and already running his own company. 他只有20岁，却已经营起自己的公司了。 It was 90 degrees and the air conditioning barely cooled the room. 气温是90度，空调几乎没有使房间凉快下来。I had barely started speaking when he interrupted me. 我刚刚开始讲话，他便打断了我。【同义词】hardly adv. 几乎不；刚刚；简直不 scarcely adv. 几乎不；勉强；仅仅；刚…（就…）【警示误区】在had barely/hardly/scarcely…when…句型中，当barely/hardly/scarcely放在句首时，主句要用倒装结构。We had hardly/scarcely/barely sat down at the table, when the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下，电话铃就响了。Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had we sat down at the table, when the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下，电话铃就响了。
2. *cigar /sɪˈɡɑː(r)/ n. 雪茄烟（2）【原句背诵】In the doorway of a store stood a man, with an unlit cigar in his mouth.【联想拓展】cigarette n. 香烟；卷烟；纸烟
3. appointment /əˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 约定，约会；任命，委托；职务（2）【原句背诵】“It’s all right, officer,” he said. “I’m just waiting for a friend. It’s an appointment made twenty years ago. There used to be a restaurant where this store stands—’Big Joe’ Brady’s restaurant. 【联想拓展】make/have an appointment 约会，预约make/have an appointment with 与某人约会by appointment 按照约定appoint v. 任命，指派；约定，安排（日期、时间）；装饰，布置（房间或空间）appointer n. 任命者；指派者appointee n. 被任命者disappointment n. 失望，沮丧；令人失望的人（事）【经典例句】She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor. 她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。Mr. Fay is to take up an appointment as a researcher. 费伊先生将担任研究员的职务。Viewing is by appointment only. 参观须预约。
【链接高考】（2018北京卷）They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. 他们开着自己的无人驾驶汽车去赴约，并让空车绕着大楼转，以避免支付停车费。 （2015浙江卷）While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots, to schedule her vet appointments, to feed and clean her, Misty knew this on day one. 虽然我迟迟没有接受由我来跟踪狗狗的打针、安排兽医预约、给她喂食和清洁，但米斯蒂从第一天起就知道了这一点。
4. tear down 拆毁，拆除（2）【原句背诵】“It was here until five years ago,” said the policeman. “It was torn down then.”【联想拓展】tear sb apart 使不快；使担心tear sth apart 撕毁；撕碎tear at sth 撕裂；扯开；撕破tear oneself away (from sth)/tear sth away (from sth) 依依不舍地离开；忍痛离去；把…拿走tear sth up 撕毁，撕碎（文件等）【警示误区】注意tear作动词时，其过去式和过去分词分别是tore, torn。【经典例句】Years later, we decided to tear down our ugly house and build a beautiful one with a garden. 几年后，我们决定拆掉这个难看的房子，建一座带花园的漂亮房子。Tear down the walls between support and development. 拆除研发和技术支持之间的墙壁。They tried to tear down the reputation of the novelist. 他们试图诋毁小说家的名声。
5. *keen /kiːn/ adj. 灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于(2)6. jaw /dʒɔː/ n. 额，下巴(2)7. *scar /skɑː(r)/ n. 伤疤；（精神）创伤；污点(2)8. *eyebrow /ˈaɪbraʊ/ n. 眉毛(2)9. *scarfpin /ˈskɑːfˌpɪn/ n. 领带别针，围巾夹 (2)10. diamond /ˈdaɪmənd/ n. 钻石(2)【原句背诵】The light showed a pale face, with keen eyes, a square jaw and a little white scar near his right eyebrow. His scarfpin was a large diamond, oddly set.【联想拓展】be keen to do sth 渴望做某事be keen (that...)渴望…be keen on (doing) sth 渴望；热切；热衷a keen sportsman 热心运动的人one of the keenest supporters of the team 这个队最热情的支持者之一a keen sense of tradition 强烈的传统意识keenly adv. 敏锐地；强烈地；锐利地keenness n. 敏锐；锐利
a ring with a diamond in it 钻石戒指a diamond ring/necklace 钻石戒指╱项链a pair of diamond earrings 一对钻石耳环【同义词】当keen意思是“灵敏的，敏锐的”时，其同义词可以用smart, sharp等。当其意思是“渴望，热切，热衷于”时，同义词可以用eager, anxious等。【经典例句】They described him as a man of keen intellect. 他们把他描述成一个才思敏锐的人。I wasn't too keen on going to the party. 我不太想去参加这次聚会。 She's not keen on being told what to do. 她不喜欢别人向她发号施令。 The lights shone like diamonds. 灯光像钻石一样闪闪发亮。Diamond is the crystalline form of the element carbon. 钻石是碳元素的晶体结构。Friendship is gold. Friendship is diamond. 友谊是金子，友谊是钻石。
11. make one’s fortune 成功立业，发财(2)【原句背诵】The next morning I was to leave New York and travel to the West to make my fortune.【联想拓展】make a fortune 发财，赚大钱make for sth 向…移动；促成make sb/sth into sb/sth 把…变成make sth of sb/sth 领会；理解；懂得make sb/sth out 看清；听清；分清；辨认清楚make up/make oneself/sb up 化妆；上妆make sth up形成；构成；拼装；组成make up for sth 弥补；补偿make full use of 充分利用make friends with 与…交友make a difference 有影响，有关系make good use of 充分利用；很好地使用【经典例句】Many people want to make a/thier fortune by doing nothing, which is the reason why the gambling industry thrives. 许多人都想要不劳而获赚大钱，这就是博彩行业蓬勃发展的原因。Farmers abandoned the land and went to big cities to make a/their fortune. 农民们抛弃了土地，到大城市赚钱去了。
12. lose contact 失去联系（2）【原句背诵】“Well, we kept in touch for a year or two, and then we lost contact.”【联想拓展】in contact with 接触；与…有联系come into contact with 接触到；联系；开始做某事come in contact with 接触make contact with 接触点；接通lose touch 失去联系lose touch with 与……失去联系【警示误区】lose contact (with) 表示“动作” ，不能和“时间段”连用；表示“状态”时，可以用be out of contact (with) 脱离，失去联系。【经典例句】I've lose contact with most of my school friends. 我跟大多数同学已经失赴了联系。The beauty of nature, society and life embodied in literature can't lose contact with that of form of expression. 文学的自然美、社会美和人生美等，都离不开表现方面的形式美。Maybe because you just don't want to be contacted, but If visitors do want to get in touch with you, but can't find any contact information, you lose their interest and trust. 也许你不想要与外界保持联系，但如果访客想与你取得联系，但是找不到任何联系信息，你会失去他们的兴趣和信任。
13. reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的【原句背诵】“But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he’s alive, for he always was the truest and most reliable fellow in the world. He’ll never forget.”【联想拓展】reliable sources 可靠消息来源；消息可靠人士reliable quality 质量可靠reliable information 可靠的信息reliably adv. 可靠地；确实地reliability n. 可靠性rely vi.相信，信赖；依靠，依赖【同义词】dependable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的【反义词】unreliable adj. 不可靠的；靠不住的【警示误区】注意从动词rely到形容词reliable的词形变化！【经典例句】We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working. 我们在物色可靠而又勤奋的人。My car's not as reliable as it used to be. 我的车不像过去那样靠得住了。Trains are reliable, cheap and best for long-distance travel. 乘火车可靠、便宜，最适合长途旅行。
14. worthwhile /ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl/ adj. 值得花时间（或花钱、努力等），重要的，令人愉快的（2）【原句背诵】“I came a thousand miles to stand in this doorway tonight, and it’s worthwhile if my old partner turns up.”【联想拓展】worthwhileness n.合价值性，值得be worthwhile (to do sth)/(doing sth) 重要的；令人愉快的；有趣的；值得花时间（或花钱、努力等）worth adj. 价值……的，值……钱的；值得的，具有……价值的 n. 价格，价值；重要性，作用be worth doing sth 值得做某事worthy adj. 值得尊敬的，值得注意的，值得敬仰的；值得的，应得的 n. 知名人士，要人（常为玩笑或贬义）be worthy to be done/be worthy of being done 值得【经典例句】 Volunteering was in aid of a worthwhile cause. 志愿工作是在为高尚的事业尽一份力。High prices in the UK make it worthwhile for buyers to look abroad. 英国的高价足以使买主把视线转向国外。It is worthwhile to include really high-quality illustrations. 把真正高质量的插图包括进去是值得的。It didn't seem worthwhile writing it all out again. 把这再都写出来似乎不必要。We believe the time and hard work involved in completing such an assignment are worthwhile.我们相信为完成这项任务所需要投入的时间和付出的努力是值得的。
【链接高考】（2019江苏卷）Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young.他的女儿梅利莎(Melissa)觉得，拯救他的音乐更值得，她年轻时每晚都会听着他的音乐入睡。 （2019北京卷）Want to explore new cultures，meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Association(GDA). 想要探索新的文化，认识新的人，同时做一些有意义的事情? 你可以通过全球发展协会(GDA)做到这三件事。 （2016天津卷）“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “在家庭或社区工作的男孩获得了能力，并开始觉得自己是社会有价值的成员，”心理学家乔治·瓦兰特(George Vaillant)说。
15. collar /ˈkɒlə(r)/ n. 衣领；颈圈；圈，箍（3）【原句背诵】About twenty minutes later, a tall man in a long overcoat, with collar turned up to his ears, hurried toward him. 【联想拓展】white collar 白领阶层；白领工人blue collar 蓝领in the collar 行动不自由；受到约束a coat with a fur collar 毛皮领大衣【熟词生义】collar作动词时，意思是“抓住；捉住；揪住；逮住；拦住（某人以与其）谈话”。Police collared the culprit as he was leaving the spot. 罪犯正离开现场时，警察逮住了他。I was collared in the street by a woman doing a survey. 我在大街上给一个做民意调查的女人拦住交谈。
16. bless /bles/ vt. 祝福（3）【原句背诵】“Bless my heart!” cried the new arrival. “Well, well, well! Twenty years is a long time! How has the West treated you, old man?”【联想拓展】blessing n. 幸事，福祉；支持，赞同；上帝的恩宠，祝福；祷告，祈祷blessed adj. 神圣的，尊敬的；受祝福的，受上帝保佑的；带来幸福的，带来好运的blessedness n. 幸福；福音God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你！be blessed with sth/sb 赋有（能力等）；享有（幸福等）【经典例句】I bless you on this special holiday! 在这个特殊的节日里我祝福你！【链接高考】（2012山东卷）The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council(市政会).这群商人想出了“松鼠桥”的主意，并成立了一个委员会，请求市议会的支持。
17. inch /ɪntʃ/ n. 英寸；少量，短距离（3）【原句背诵】“It has given me everything I asked it for. You’ve changed lots, Jimmy. I never thought you were tall by two or three inches.”【联想拓展】inch by inch 逐渐地within an inch of 差一点by inches adv. 缓慢地；一点一点地，逐渐地；好不容易地give sb an inch (and they'll take a mile/yard 得寸进尺foot n. 英尺；脚，足1 inch=2.54cm 12 inches=1 foot【熟词生义】inch作动词时，意思是“（使朝某方向）谨慎移动”。She moved forward, inching towards the rope. 她小心翼翼地慢慢向绳子挪过去。He inched his way through the narrow passage. 他一点一点地穿过狭窄的通道。
18. arm in arm 臂挽着臂（3）【原句背诵】The two men walked up the street, arm in arm. 【联想拓展】in arms 怀抱着的；武装起来的at arm's length 疏远；在手臂伸得到的地方cost/pay an arm and a leg （使）花一大笔钱keep sb at arm's length 保持距离；不亲近某人hand in hand手拉手 side by side 肩并肩 should to shoulder 肩并肩【经典例句】They had taken to wandering through the streets arm-in-arm. 他们已经养成了臂挽着臂漫步街头的习惯。Watching the old couple walking along the beach arm in arm gives me a sense of happiness. 看着这对老夫妻手挽手走在沙滩上，我有一种幸福的感觉。
19. outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ vt. 概述，略述 n. 概述；轮廓线，略图（3）【原句背诵】The man from the West was beginning to outline the history of his career.【联想拓展】outline sth (to sb) 概述；略述an outline agreement/proposal 协议╱建议纲要an outline map/sketch 略图；草图in outline 画…的草图(或轮廓)；概括地，扼要地【经典例句】We outlined our proposals to the committee. 我们向委员会提纲挈领地讲了讲我们的提案。The mayor outlined his plan to clean up the town's image. 市长概述了他清理整顿该市形象的计划。They saw the huge building outlined against the sky. 他们看见了在天空的映衬下那座巨大建筑的轮廓。 You should draw up a plan or an outline for the essay. 你应该为文章草拟个计划或提纲。 The book describes in outline the main findings of the research. 本书扼要叙述了主要的研究结果。
20. suspect vt.&vi. /səˈspekt/ 怀疑 n. /ˈsʌspekt/ 嫌疑犯，可疑对象（3）【原句背诵】“As I suspected, you’re not Jimmy Wells,” he said, impatient with anger. “Twenty years is a long time, but not long enough to change the shape of a man’s nose.”【联想拓展】suspect sb (of sth/of doing sth) 怀疑（某人有罪）suspicion n. 不好的预感，猜想；（对某人有罪、不诚实等的）怀疑suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的，怀疑的；不信任的，持怀疑态度的suspiciously adv. 怀疑地；猜疑地【经典例句】I suspected her motives in offering to help. 她主动要帮忙，我怀疑她的动机。 Some parents hesitate to take these steps because they suspect that their child is exaggerating. 一些家长迟迟不肯采取这些措施，因为他们怀疑自己的孩子在夸大其词。The police say they suspect the attack was carried out by animal rights activists. 警方说他们怀疑这次袭击是由保护动物权利的激进分子实施的。The suspect had refused to give any details of his identity and had carried no documents on his person. 嫌疑犯拒绝交代任何有关他身份的细节，身上也没带任何证件。The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths. 人们怀疑这种药物造成200多人死亡。
【链接高考】（2020山东卷）In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. 在撒马尔罕，比塞尔先生很欣赏这些建筑奇观，但是在去布哈拉的路上，他领略了警察处理毒品交易的方法。 （2020天津卷）The thief tries to escape. And the officer can’t let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground.小偷试图逃跑。 警官不能让他跑了。 他拿出一个特殊的装置，对准嫌疑人，打开开关。 小偷倒在地上。 （2013江苏卷）But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.但罗斯柴尔德博士认为情况并非如此。 他怀疑是其他动物的进化导致了这种变化。
21. arrest /əˈrest/ n.&vt. 逮捕，拘捕（3） under arrest 被逮捕（3）【原句背诵】“It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one,” said the tall man, taking charge of the situation. “You’ve been under arrest for ten minutes, ‘Silky’ Bob.”【联想拓展】arrest sb (for sth) 逮捕；拘留under arrest 被逮捕，被捕under house arrest 在软禁中【经典例句】Police arrested five young men in connection with one of the attacks. 警方逮捕了与其中一起袭击事件有关的5名年轻男子。A man has been arrested in connection with the robbery. 一名男子因与这桩抢劫案有关已被逮捕。She was arrested for drug-related offences. 她因涉嫌毒品犯罪而被捕。She was under arrest on suspicion of murder. 她因涉嫌谋杀而被逮捕。
22. wire /ˈwaɪə(r)/ vt. 给（某人）打电报；接通电源 n. 金属丝；电线；铁丝网（3）【原句背诵】Chicago police thought you might have dropped over our way and wired us.【联想拓展】wire sth (up) 用导线给（建筑物、设备等）接通电源wire sb/sth up (to sth)/wire sb/sth to sth 将…连接到wire sb sth/wire (sth) (to sb) 给（某人）打电报wireless adj. 无线的，使用无线电信号的; n. 无线电发射和接收系统a coil of copper wire 一卷铜丝wiry adj. 金属线制的；金属丝般的；坚硬的【经典例句】Make sure the plug is wired up correctly. 插头一定要接对。He wired us the news. /He wired the news to us. 他打电报把这个消息通知了我们。The box was fastened with a rusty wire. 那个箱子是用生锈的铁丝捆紧的。
23. criminal /ˈkrɪmɪn(ə)l/ n. 罪犯 adj. 犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的，不道德的（3）【原句背诵】“Bob: I was at the appointed place on time. When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the criminal wanted in Chicago.”【联想拓展】criminal offences/behaviour 刑事犯罪；犯罪行为criminality n. 有罪，犯罪；犯罪行为criminalize v. （使）不合法，非法；把……当罪犯对待；宣告（某人）有罪；宣布……为不合法criminally adv. 刑法上；犯了罪地，有罪地【经典例句】This is a criminal waste of resources. 这是一种浪费资源的可耻行为。A group of gunmen attacked a prison and set free nine criminals. 一伙持枪歹徒袭击了一所监狱并放走了9名罪犯。They would be sacked for criminal or scandalous behaviour. 他们会因犯罪行为或不道德的行为而遭解雇。
24. anyhow /ˈenihaʊ/ adv. 不过，总之；尽管如此；而且；随便地（3）【原句背诵】“Anyhow, I couldn’t arrest you myself, so I got a plain-clothes man to do the job. JIMMY.”【同义词】anyway adv. adv. 不管怎样，无论如何；而且，加之；尽管，即使这样It's too expensive and anyway the colour doesn't suit you. 这个太贵，而且颜色也不适合你。I'm afraid we can't come, but thanks for the invitation anyway. 恐怕我们来不了，不过还是感谢邀请。【经典例句】No matter how far it is, I'll go there anyhow. 什么远不远的，我去定了。Anyhow you must finish this work today. 你今天总要完成这项工作吧。Anyhow, I think the paper is well prepared. 尽管如此，我觉得论文准备得很充分。
25. innocent /ˈɪnəsnt/ adj. 无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的 n. 无辜者，单纯的人（5）【原句背诵】Why had he turned into a criminal? How I wish he were innocent!【联想拓展】 be innocent of sth无辜的；清白的；无罪的an innocent bystander 无辜受害的旁观者innocent victims of a bomb blast 炸弹爆炸中的无辜受害者an innocent young child 天真无邪的小孩子innocently adv. 纯洁地；无罪地innocence n. 天真，单纯；清白，无罪【同义词】innocent作“天真无邪的，纯真的”意思时，其同义词是naïve adj. 天真的；纯朴的；幼稚的【反义词】innocent作“无辜的，清白的，无罪的”意思时，其反义词是guilty adj. 内疚的，羞愧的；有罪的
【经典例句】The kids seemed so young and innocent. 那些小孩看上去如此少不更事。He was sure that the man was innocent of any crime. 他确信此人是清白无罪的。In this country, you are innocent until proved guilty. 在这个国家，一个人在被证实有罪之前，就是清白的。【链接高考】（2013四川卷）“Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people,” Judge Richard Hone told McCormick.法官理查德·霍恩告诉麦考密克说:“你的欺骗行为仅仅是为了获取巨额利润而出售大量无用的设备，这引发了一种虚假的安全感，而且可能在很大程度上导致了无辜民众的伤亡。”
26. legal /ˈliːɡ(ə)l/ adj. 合法的；法律的（5）【原句背诵】Hesitating over what to do, I continued listening to him, and I gradually becameconvinced that he had (5) made his fortune in ways that were not legal.【联想拓展】the legal profession/system 法律专业╱体系to take/seek legal advice 听取╱寻求法律咨询a legal adviser 法律顾问legal costs 律师费用legal protection 法律保护；合法保护legal services 法律服务legal responsibility 法律责任legal aid 法律援助legally adv. 合法地；法律上legality n. 合法；合法性；墨守法规legalize v. 使合法化，使得到法律认可【反义词】illegal adj. 非法的，违法的；违规的
【经典例句】What I did was perfectly legal. 我做的事情完全合法。She finally won the legal battle for compensation. 她终于赢得了这场要求赔偿的法律斗争。Stronger legal safeguards are needed to protect the consumer. 需要有更有力的法律措施来保护消费者。The driver was more than three times over the legal. 那名司机体内的酒精含量超过了法律允许限度的三倍。
27. principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n. 道德原则；法则；信条(5)【原句背诵】It was a difficult decision, but I stuck to my principles (8) anyhow. 【联想拓展】working principle 工作原理basic principle 基本原理on the principle of 根据...的原则design principle 设计原理operating principle 工作原理；操作原理guiding principle 指导原则operation principle 经营理念in principle 大体上，原则上the principles and practice of writing reports 报告写作的理论与实践【词形比较】principal n. （中小学）校长；大学校长 adj. 最重要的，首要的
【经典例句】It's not just a matter of principle. 这不仅仅是个原则问题。These people lack all understanding of scientific principles. 这些人缺乏对科学原理的全面理解。There are three fundamental principles of teamwork. 团队合作有三个基本原则。Buck never allowed himself to be bullied into doing anything that went against his principles. 巴克从来不让自己被迫做任何违背自己原则的事。They hold the principle that free education should be available for all children. 他们持有所有儿童都应该能享受免费教育的观念。【链接高考】（2019天津卷）With such models，scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. 通过这些模型，科学家们发现了食物网的一些关键原理。 （2018江苏卷）Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. 时间就是金钱，但这一原则对不同类型的餐馆有不同的含义。 （2018北京卷）They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. 他们学习飞行原理，并在各种飞行模拟器的驾驶舱中测试他们的操作技能。
28. decent /ˈdiːs(ə)nt/ adj. 正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的（5）【原句背诵】The old, decent Bob went away two decades ago. But I hope he’ll come back one day.【联想拓展】a decent meal/job/place to live 相当不错的饭菜╱工作╱住所ordinary, decent, hard-working people 勤劳、正派的普通人decently adv. 合适地；高雅地；正派地；亲切地【经典例句】He didn't get a decent explanation. 他没有得到一个合理的解释。But, after a decent interval, trade relations began to return to normal. 但是在一段适当的间断之后，贸易关系开始恢复正常。The majority of people around here are decent people. 这儿的大多数人都是正派人。Everyone said he was a decent sort of guy. 人人都说他是个品行端正的小伙子。
29. *burden /ˈbɜːdn/ n. （责任、义务等的）重担，负担（6）【原句背诵】Among every generation there are those who are willing to bear the heavy burdenof responsibility and devote themselves to working for the good of their countryand people. 【联想拓展】the burden (of sth)/a burden (on/to sb) （义务、责任等的）重担，负担to bear/carry/ease/reduce/share the burden 承受╱担负╱减轻╱减少╱分担重担burden sb/oneself (with sth) （使）担负（沉重或艰难的任务、职责等）to be burdened by high taxation 不堪重税负荷be burdened with sth 负重【经典例句】The developing countries bear the burden of an enormous external debt. 发展中国家背负着巨额外债的负担。The main burden of caring for old people falls on the state. 国家担负起了照料老人的大部分责任。I don't want to become a burden to my children when I'm old. 我不想在年老的时候成为孩子们的累赘。 I don't want to burden you with my worries. 我不想让你为我的烦恼操心。
【链接高考】（2019天津卷）By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. 打开一本小说，我可以摆脱我的负担，进入一个奇妙而神秘的世界，我现在是一个新的角色。（2015江苏卷）If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free.如果人们坚持要摆脱自力更生的负担和对共同利益的责任，他们将不再是自由的。
30. geophysicist /ˌdʒiːəʊˈfɪzɪsɪst/ n. 地球物理学家（6）31. core /kɔː(r)/ adj. 核心的，最重要的 n. 核心，最重要的部分（6）32. socialist /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ adj. 社会主义的 n. 社会主义者【原句背诵】 The geophysicist Huang Danian, who practised core socialist values, isa good example.【联想拓展】geophysics n. 地球物理；地球物理学geophysical adj. 地球物理学的geography n. 地理，地理学；地形，地貌；地理环境geographic adj. 地理的，地理学的core competence 核心竞争力；核心才能core competitiveness 核心竞争力core business 核心业务core value 核心价值the core values of (Chinese) socialism 社会主义核心价值观at the core of 在…的中心the earth's core 地核the core of the argument 争论的核心
【联想拓展】a socialist country 社会主义国家socialist beliefs 社会主义信仰social adj. 社会的；社会地位的，社会阶层的；社交的，交际的socialize v. 交往，交际；使合群，使适应社会生活socialization n. 社会化，社会主义化socialism n. 社会主义society n. 社会（以群体形式生活在一起的人的总称）；社群（某国家、地区、时期等的群体组织）【经典例句】Geophysicist Emile Okal agreed that the the tsunami spawned by the Chile earthquake wasn't really all that small. 地球物理学家埃米尔。欧卡尔认为智利地震产生的海啸其实真的不算小。The use of new technology is core to our strategy. 运用新技术是我们策略的关键。 The team is built around a core group of players. 这个队是以几名骨干队员为核心构建的。Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies. 对环境的关注是我们政策的核心。He's still a socialist at heart. 他本质上还是个社会主义者。Many of these early visitors were sympathetic to the Chinese socialist experiment. 这些早期访问者中的很多人都赞同中国的社会主义实验。
33. resign /rɪˈzaɪn/ vt.&vi. 辞职，辞去（6）【原句背诵】Eventually he resigned his post in the UK and returned to China to work at Jilin University in Changchun.【联想拓展】resign from sth/resign as sth 辞职；辞去（某职务）resign oneself to (doing) sth 听任；只好接受；顺从resigned adj. 顺从的；已辞职的；己放弃的resignation n. 辞职； 辞职信，辞呈；顺从，听任；（棋）认输【经典例句】 Mr Robb resigned his position last month. 罗布先生上个月辞去了他的职位。He resigned as manager after eight years. 八年后，他辞去了经理的职务。A hospital administrator has resigned over claims he lied to get the job. 一位医院主管因为有人声称他的职位是骗来的而辞职了。We had to resign ourselves to making a loss on the sale. 我们只好接受销售造成的亏损。
34. ward /wɔːd/ n. 病房（6）【原句背诵】In fact, he worked so hard that he did not pay enough attention to his own health. Sadly, he fell ill with cancer, but he continued to workeven in the hospital ward until he died in 2017 at the age of just 58.【联想拓展】a maternity/surgical/psychiatric/children's, etc. ward 产科、外科、精神科、儿科等病房【经典例句】He worked as a nurse on the children's ward . 他在儿科病房当护士。
35. substantial /səbˈstænʃ(ə)l/ adj. 大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的（6）【原句背诵】Huang excelled where he was working and made substantial contributions to hiscountry. 【联想拓展】substantial sums of money 大笔的钱a substantial change 重大变化substantial increase 大幅度增长substantial progress 实质性进展substantially adv. 实质上；大体上；充分地substantiality n. 实体；实质性；真实价值；内容【经典例句】Substantial numbers of people support the reforms. 相当多的人支持这些改革措施。A substantial number of mothers with young children are deterred from undertaking paid work because they lack access to childcare. 很多有小孩的母亲找不到人照顾小孩，从而无法从事带薪工作。
36. mineral /ˈmɪnərəl/ n. 矿物，矿物质（6）【原句背诵】His missions to map the world under the Earth’s surface helped discover valuable mineral resources and brought China’s knowledge and technology in this area alongside the world’s finest.【联想拓展】mineral resources 矿藏mineral deposits/extraction 矿藏；矿物开采mineral exploration 矿产勘探mineral industry 矿产业mineral substance 矿物质mineral product 矿产mineral spring n. 矿泉the recommended intake of vitamins and minerals 维生素和矿物质的建议摄入量【经典例句】Soft drinks and minerals sold here. 此处销售各种软饮料和汽水。The country possesses rich mineral resources. 这个国家有丰富的矿产资源。The product provided inadequate vitamin and mineral supplementation. 这种产品不能充分补充维生素和矿物质。
37. superb /suːˈpɜːb; sjuːˈpɜːb/ adj. 极佳的，卓越的，质量高的（7）【原句背诵】Lily used to be a fitness coach and a social media influencer. The number of her followers reached a million just last month. Every day, she would post photos of herself working out, or just posing in workout clothes. She looked superb in these photos.【联想拓展】a superb player 一名杰出的运动员superbly adv. 雄伟地；壮丽地；上等地；庄重地super adj. 极好的，极优秀的；超级的 【经典例句】His performance was absolutely superb. 他的表演精彩绝伦。There is a superb 18-hole golf course 6 miles away. 6英里外有个极好的18洞高尔夫球场。With superb skill the pilot managed to make a perfect landing. 飞行员以超凡的技巧设法完成了一次完美的着陆。The orchestra played superbly. 这支管弦乐队演奏得好极了。【链接高考】（2017江苏卷）Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs.人们发现，澳大利亚超级鹩莺在孵化卵时，会反复发出一种声音。
38. photographer /fəˈtɒɡrəfə(r)/ n. 摄影师，拍照者（7）【原句背诵】Actually, they were taken by a professional photographer. 【联想拓展】a wildlife/fashion/portrait photographer 野生动物╱时装╱人像摄影师a professional photographer 一名专业摄影师an amateur photographer 一名业余摄影爱好者photograph n. 照片，相片; v. 拍照，照相；在照片上显出某种样子photography n. 摄影，摄影术；摄影影像，摄影图片photographic adj. 摄影的，照片的；（记忆）精确的，能详细记录的【同义词】cameraman n. 摄影师；照相师；摄影记者 lensman n. 摄影师【链接高考】（2016全国新课标卷II）Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.弗兰克·赫尔利是一位自信而有天赋的澳大利亚摄影师，他了解南极，他被请来拍摄了这些照片，其中大多数照片以前从未公开发表过。
39. guilty /ˈɡɪlti/ adj. 感到内疚的，惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的（7）【原句背诵】Lily was not happy about the photos, though. “I was feeling guilty(4) because I was cheating my fans,” she said.【联想拓展】feel/be guilty about 感到愧疚be/feel guilty of 有……之过错；犯了罪；有过失的；有罪责的guiltily adv. 内疚地；有罪地guilt n. 内疚；罪行；罪责guiltless adj. 无罪的，无辜的；没有……的，不知……的【反义词】innocent adj. 天真的，幼稚的；清白的，无罪的【经典例句】John had a guilty look on his face. 约翰脸上显出惭愧的表情。I had a guilty conscience and could not sleep. 我问心有愧，睡不着觉。I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often. 我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。The jury found the defendant not guilty of the offence. 陪审团裁决被告无罪。We've all been guilty of selfishness at some time in our lives. 我们每个人一生中都有过自私自利的过失。
40. ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/ adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬（7）41. forgive /fəˈɡɪv/ vt.&vi. (forgave, forgiven)原谅，宽恕；免除（债务）（7）【原句背诵】“I was so ashamed of myself. I couldn’t bear living a lie any more. I hope my fans can forgive me.”【联想拓展】be/feel ashamed (of sth/sb/oneself)/ (that...)/(to be sth) 惭愧；羞愧；尴尬be/ashamed to do sth 因惭愧而不情愿；羞于shame n. 羞耻，羞愧；羞耻心，羞耻感；令人惋惜的事，让人遗憾的事What a shame!多可惜! 真丢脸!shameful adj. 丢脸的，可耻的shameless adj. 无耻的，不要脸的forgive sb/oneself (for sth/for doing sth)/forgive sb sth 原谅；宽恕forgive me (for doing sth)/forgive my ... 对不起；请原谅forgive and forget 既往不咎；不念旧恶forgiveness n. 宽恕；宽仁之心【警示误区】forgive的过去式和过去分词是不规则变化，使用时一定要注意！
【经典例句】She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party. 她对自己在聚会上的行为深感羞愧。 I felt incredibly ashamed of myself for getting so angry. 我为自己发了这么大的脾气而感到极为惭愧。You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies. 你扯这种谎应该感到羞耻。The football riots made me ashamed to be English. 足球骚乱事件使我身为英国人汗颜得无地自容。I'm ashamed to say that I lied to her. 我真不好意思说我向她撒了谎。I'll never forgive her for what she did. 我绝不会原谅她做的事。I'd never forgive myself if she heard the truth from someone else. 如果她从别人那里听到了真相，我永远不会原谅自己。 Forgive me for interrupting, but I really don't agree with that point. 请原谅我打岔，不过我确实不同意那种观点。Forgive my ignorance, but what exactly does the company do? 请原谅我的无知，这家公司到底是干什么的？
【链接高考】（2012广东卷）I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known. I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help. 我双目失明，但如果被人知道，我感到很羞愧。 我拒绝使用白色的棍子，也讨厌寻求帮助。 （2020新课标卷II）Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery.那些观看阿博特大厅临时展览的人可能会认为他们是在一个城市的画廊里。 （2018天津卷）I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place.“我把她推到前门，向家人挥手，说: “对不起，请原谅我们，你们的房子真的很好。” （2014辽宁卷）Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show. 原谅他的错误判断，安静地移动一下，欣赏表演。
42. cheat /tʃiːt/ vt. 欺骗，蒙骗 vi. 作弊，舞弊（7）【原句背诵】f because I was cheating my fans【联想拓展】cheat sb (out) of sth （尤指用不诚实或不正当的手段）阻止某人得到某物；欺骗某人某物cheat sb into (doing) sth骗某人做某事cheat one’s way into 欺骗；蒙骗cheater n. 骗子；作弊者【同义词】to cheat / fool / trick / sb out of sth to cheat / fool / deceive / betray / trick / sb into doing sth to feel cheated / fooled / deceived / betrayed / tricked to cheat / trick / one’s way into sth【熟词生义】cheat n. 欺骗，行骗；作弊；骗子；作弊者；欺骗行为【经典例句】The clerk is accused of attempting to cheat the customers. 店员被指控企图蒙骗顾客。He cheated his way into the job. 他骗取了这份工作。Many people feel cheated by the government‘s refusal to hold a referendum（全民公决）. 由于政府拒绝举行公民投票表决，许多人都觉得上当受骗。The company engaged in a deliberate effort to cheat them out of their pensions. 该公司曾蓄意诈取他们的养老金。
【链接高考】（2019北京卷）Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. 有了这些知识，他们就能够开展单独的有针对性的活动来欺骗人们。 （2013四川卷）It is believed that James McCormick got about $ 77.8 million from the sales of his detectors — which were based on a kind of golf ball finder — to countries including Iraq, Belgium and Saudi Arabia. McCormick, 57, was convicted of cheats last month and sentenced Thursday at the Old Bailey court in London. 人们相信詹姆斯·麦考密克向伊拉克、比利时和沙特阿拉伯等国出售了一种高尔夫球探测仪，从中获得了约7780万美元。 57岁的麦考密克上个月被判犯有诈骗罪，周四在伦敦的老贝利法庭被判刑。
43. wrap /ræp/ vt. 包，裹，用…缠绕 n. 披肩，围巾；包裹材料（8）44. parcel /ˈpɑːsl/ n. 包裹，小包；一块地 vt. 裹好，打包（8）45. bow /bəʊ/ n. 蝴蝶结 /baʊ/ vi. 鞠躬（8）【原句背诵】“Happy birthday, Anne,” said my grandma, handing me a brightly wrapped parcel with a big red bow.【联想拓展】wrap sth (up) (in sth) 包，裹（礼物等）wrap A (up) in Bwrap B round/around A 用…包裹（或包扎、覆盖等）wrap up 伪装；使全神贯注；穿暖和的衣服be wrapped up in sb/sth 专心致志于；全神贯注于；完全沉浸于part and parcel of 不可缺少的一部分parcel sth (up) 包；裹好；打包parcel sth out 把某物分开；把某物（在几个人之间）分bow (down) (to/before sb/sth) 鞠躬；点头；屈从于人；听任摆布bow out (of) 退出，告别（尤指一度成功的事业）【警示误区】wrap作动词时，其现在分词、过去式和过去分词要双写字母p，再加ing和ed，即wrapping, wrapped, wrapped。
【经典例句】Harry had carefully bought and wrapped presents for Mark to give the children. 哈里已精心为马克买好、包好那些给孩子们的礼物。He spent the evening wrapping up the Christmas presents. 他花了一个晚上的时间把圣诞礼物都包了起来。 I never thought I should ever own such a splendid wrap. 我从来没想过自己会有这么漂亮的围巾。The teacher was carrying a parcel of books under her arm. 老师腋下夹着一包书。 Learning about life in a new culture is part and parcel of what newcomers to America face. 学习在一种新的文化中生活是每一个新来美国的人要面对的事情中的重要部分。They also sent parcels of food and clothing. 他们还寄送了成包的食品和衣物。She parcelled up the books to send. 她把要寄走的书包了起来。The land was parcelled out into small lots. 这块地被分成了若干小块。She bowed her head in shame. 她羞愧地低下了头。They bowed low to Louis and hastened out of his way. 他们向路易斯深深地鞠躬并迅速给他让路。The government finally bowed to pressure from the public. 政府终于在公众的压力下让步了。Li Na finally decided it’s time to bow out of international tennis. 李娜最终认定是退出世界网坛的时候了。
【链接高考】（2012江西卷）A beam(光束) of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow(光芒)，until they themselves seemed to be glowing. 一道耀眼的白光从电脑屏幕上发射出来，把两个男孩裹在其中，最后他们自己似乎也在发光。 （2014浙江卷）Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, polite bow.新加坡人见面时握手，也经常礼貌地鞠躬致意。
46. nephew /ˈnefjuː/ n. 侄子，外甥（8）【原句背诵】 It was my birthday dinner, a special treat, and the whole family were there—my parents, grandma, grandad, aunt, uncle and nephew.【联想拓展】niece n. 侄女，外甥女
47. disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ adj. 失望的，沮丧的（8）【原句背诵】Frankly speaking, I was disappointed but I smiled as broadly as I could.【联想拓展】be/feel disappointed (at/by sth)be/feel disappointed (in/with sb/sth)be/feel disappointed (to see, hear, etc.)be/feel disappointed (that) 失望的；沮丧的；失意的disappointedly adv. 失望地disappointing adj. 令人失望的，令人扫兴的; v. （使）失望（disappoint 的现在分词形式）disappoint v. 使失望；使破灭，使落空disappointment n. 失望，沮丧；令人失望的人，让人扫兴的事【警示误区】disappointed表示“被动”意义，disappointing表示“主动”意义。
【经典例句】They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game. 他们对比赛结果极为失望。I'm disappointed in you—I really thought I could trust you! 你真让我失望—我原以为可以相信你的！She tried her hardest not to show how disappointed she was. 她竭力不流露出自己有多失望。I‘m disappointed (that) my favorite CD was sold out. 我最喜欢的CD都卖完了，我感到很失望。【链接高考】（2018全国卷III）The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. 这个城市挤满了失望的人，他们没有兴趣定居下来，当他们听说阿拉斯加有新的金矿发现时，他们离开了道森市，就像他们来的时候一样快。 （2015全国卷I）Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. 我对许多破碎的、虚假的承诺感到失望，多年来我一直拒绝购买冬季番茄。
48. wrinkle /ˈrɪŋk(ə)l/ n. 皱纹；褶皱，皱纹 vt. 起皱纹，皱纹；起皱纹（8）【原句背诵】Grandma smiled back happily at me, with deep wrinkles around her eyes.Well, I couldn’t tell her the truth, could I?【联想拓展】wrinkle (sth) (up) （使脸上）起皱纹；皱起【经典例句】The old man’s face was covered with wrinkles. 老人的脸布满了皱纹。There were fine wrinkles around her eyes. 她眼角上出现了鱼尾纹。For the most part, wrinkle lines are due to sun exposure and age. 在大多数情况下，皱纹是由于日晒和年龄造成的。The skin on her cheeks and around her eyes was beginning to wrinkle. 她脸颊上和眼睛周围的皮肤开始起皱纹了。Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. 岁月悠悠，衰微只及肌肤；热忱抛却，颓废必致灵魂。
49. *pause /pɔːz/ vi. 停顿，暂停 n. 停顿，停顿的时间（8）【原句背诵】When I gave the dress to Anne for her birthday, I saw the excitement in hereyes as she tore off the wrapping paper. She paused briefly when she first sawthe dress.【联想拓展】give (sb) pause 使认真考虑；使犹豫【经典例句】I paused at the door and looked back. 我停在门口，回头看了看。Pausing only to pull on a sweater, he ran out of the house. 他只停下来穿了件毛衣就冲出了屋外。The woman spoke almost without pausing for breath (= very quickly) . 那女人说话像放连珠炮似的。There was a long pause before she answered. 她停了好一会儿才回答。David waited for a pause in the conversation so he could ask his question. 戴维等着谈话停下来，好问个问题。
【链接高考】（2019江苏卷）Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger. 长时间的停顿，心在下沉。 但史蒂夫坚持了下来，这是他有生以来第一次为一个陌生人演奏。 （2017天津卷）After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.爬上一座小山，欣赏蓝色的大海、白色的建筑和绿色的橄榄树的全景后，我停下来喘口气，然后调整自己的位置，拍下这张全景照片中最好的一张。
50. sew /səʊ/ vi.&vt. (sewed, sewn) 缝，做针线活；缝上（8）【原句背诵】I know that the old and the young do not always share the same tastes and I was happy that she liked it. All the hours of sewing were worth it when I saw the look of joy on her face.【联想拓展】to sew by hand/machine 手工缝制；用机器缝sewing n. 缝纫；缝纫业sewer n. 下水道；阴沟；裁缝师sew sth (on) 缝制；缝补；缝上sew up 缝合，缝入；确保…的成功【警示误区】sew的过去式和过去分词是不规则变化，使用时要注意！【经典例句】My mother taught me how to sew. 我母亲教我做针线。She sewed the dresses on the sewing machine. 她在缝纫机上缝制了这些衣服。My grandmother is so plain that she would sew up her worn-out clothes and wear them again and again. 我的祖母非常之节俭，她会一次又一次地缝补她穿破了的衣服然后穿上。
51. pretend /prɪˈtend/ vi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为（8）【原句背诵】I stood there in awkward silence. Then I walked away, pretending not to have heard anything. However, I felt cheated and it really depressed me.【联想拓展】pretend to do sth假装做某事pretend to be doing sth假装正在做某事pretend to have done sth假装做过某事pretend (to sb) that…假装；佯装pretender n. 冒牌者；妄求者；妄提要求者pretence n. 假象，伪装；借口，托词【经典例句】The book doesn't pretend to be a great work of literature. 这本书并未自封为文学杰作。I'm tired of having to pretend all the time. 我讨厌老得装假。 He pretended to his family that everything was fine. 他对家人佯称一切都好。 I pretend that things are really okay when they're not. 我在情况不好的时候假装一切真地没事。
【链接高考】（2019天津卷）So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading. 所以我随身带着一本书，每天晚上，就像她一样，我假装在看书。（2014福建卷）The story ends with the wedding day: as Cinderella’s two stepsisters followed her, pretending to be devoted to her so that they could enjoy the king’s riches. 故事以婚礼那天结束：灰姑娘的两个继姐妹跟着她，假装对她很忠诚，以便能享受国王的财富。 （2012广东卷）But in a strange and comfortable way, it’s nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don’t care all that much. 但以一种奇怪而又舒适的方式，知道他们假装关心，而实际上他们根本不在乎，这很好。
52. *privilege /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/ n. 荣幸；特殊利益 vt. 给予特权，特别优待（11）【原句背诵】Honoured guests, teachers and students, it is my pleasure and privilege to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion.【经典例句】The Russian Federation has issued a decree（法令）abolishing special privileges for government officials. 俄罗斯联邦已颁布了一条取消政府官员特权的法令。Education should be a universal right and not a privilege. 教育应当是全民的权利而非某部分人特别享有的。 You can enjoy all the benefits and privileges of club membership. 你可以享受俱乐部成员的一切福利和优惠。As a member of the nobility, his life had been one of wealth and privilege. 身为贵族中的一员，他过着有钱有势的生活。 I hope to have the privilege of working with them again. 但愿有幸与他们再度合作。In some countries, the president can privilege somebody from death penalty. 在一些国家，总统可以给判死刑的人特权让他们免除死刑。
53. *embrace /ɪmˈbreɪs/ vt.&vi. 欣然接受；包含；拥抱（11） 54. phase /feɪz/ n. 阶段，时期（11）【原句背诵】I have seen you grow from nervous Senior 1 students into confident young adults, who sit before me today, ready to embrace the next phase of your lives. 【联想拓展】embracement n. 拥抱；环绕；领会embracer n. 拥抱者；信奉者；接受者the initial/final phase of the project 工程的初始╱最后阶段a critical/decisive phase 关键性╱决定性阶段the design phase 设计阶段in phase/out of phase (with sth) 协调；不协调【经典例句】 Penelope came forward and embraced her sister. 佩内洛普走上前来拥抱了她的妹妹。At first people were sort of crying for joy and embracing each other. 开始时人们有点喜极而泣，互相拥抱。The talks embraced a wide range of issues. 这些谈话涉及的问题非常广泛。The crisis is entering a crucial, critical phase. 危机正进入一个至关重要的决定性阶段。The wedding marked the beginning of a new phase in Emma's life. 婚礼标志着埃玛生活新阶段的开始。McCarthy was asked to analyse the data from the first phase of trials of the vaccine. 麦卡西被要求分析从这种疫苗试验的第一阶段取得的数据。
55. *anchor /ˈæŋkə(r)/ n. 锚；给以安全感的人（或物）vi.&vt. 抛锚；使固定（11）56. mercy/ˈmɜːsi/ n. 仁慈，宽恕（11） at the mercy of 任…处置，对…无能为力（11）57. likewise /ˈlaɪkwaɪz/ adv. 同样地；也，而且（11）【原句背诵】A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds; likewise, a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.【联想拓展】the anchor of the family 全家的顶梁柱anchor sb/sth (in/to sth) 使扎根；使基于be anchored in 基于；扎根to ask/beg/plead for mercy 请求╱乞求╱祈求宽恕have mercy on 对…怜悯show mercy to 对…怜悯in one's mercy 出于慈悲；出于恻隐之心without mercy 残忍地；毫不留情地leave sb/sth to the mercy/mercies of sb/sth 听任某人可能受到虐待（而无能为力）merciful adj. 宽大的，仁慈的；带来幸运的，给人解脱的merciless adj. 残忍的；无慈悲心的
【熟词生义】n. 节目主持人 v. 主持（电视、广播节目）Tom worked in the news division of ABC – he was the anchor of its 15-minute evening newscast. 汤姆以前在美国广播公司的新闻部工作---他是该公司15分钟晚间新闻节目的主持人。She anchored the evening news for seven years. 她主持了七年晚间新闻报道。 【警示误区】注意从mercy到merciful和merciless的词形变化！【经典例句】The ship lay at anchor two miles off the rocky coast. 船在离岩岸两英里处抛锚停泊。We anchored off the coast of Spain. 我们在西班牙沿海抛锚停泊。Her novels are anchored in everyday experience. 她的小说取材自日常生活经验。It's a mercy she wasn't seriously hurt. 幸运的是她伤势不重。They showed no mercy to their hostages. 他们对人质丝毫不讲仁慈。I'm not going to put myself at the mercy of the bank. 我不想任由银行摆布。The profession is very much at the mercy of the market place. 这个行业在很大程度上受市场的支配。He voted for the change and he expected his colleagues to do likewise. 他投票赞成变革并期望他的同事投同样的票。Likewise, many teachers have an intuitive sense that different students have different learning styles. 同样地，许多教师有一种直觉，认为不同的学生有不同的学习风格。Likewise, Americans consider eye contact very important, often not trusting someone who is afraid to look you in the eye. 同样，美国人认为眼神交流很重要，他们通常不信任不敢直视你眼睛的人。
【链接高考】（2017全国卷I）If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree. 如果我能找到巢穴，我也许能把它放回去，但运气不好。 我的下一个工作是建造一个鸟巢，并把它固定在树上。 （2013全国卷I）Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots. 重复看到两个点的婴儿在听到三个鼓点时比只听到两个鼓点时更加兴奋; 同样的，当研究人员从鼓声开始，然后移动到点时也是这样的。
58. deadline /ˈdedlaɪn/ n. 最后期限，截止日期（11）59. guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ n. 指导；导航（11）【原句背诵】This means meeting deadlines for your schoolwork, following your teachers’ guidance, and of course, always aiming for academic excellence. 【联想拓展】meet the deadline 赶上最后期限；按期完成the January 15 deadline set by the United Nations 联合国规定的1月15日最后期限guidance for teachers on how to use video in the classroom 对教师提供的课堂录像教学指导a guidance counselor（学生）咨询顾问a missile guidance system 导弹制导系统under the guidance of 在…的指引下guide v. 带领，引导（某人至某地）n. 指南，手册；导游，向导guideline n. 指导方针，准则；参考; 参考【警示误区】注意从guide到guidance的词形变化！
【经典例句】The deadline for applications is 30 April. 交申请书的截止日期是4月30日。They have extended the deadline by twenty-four hours. 他们已经将最后期限延长了24小时。We were not able to meet the deadline because of manufacturing delays. 由于生产延误，我们没能在截止日期前完成工作。Students may decide to seek tutorial guidance. 学生们可以决定寻求助教的指导。She received very little career guidance when young. 她年轻时没受过什么就业指导。Activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced tutor. 所有活动都在经验丰富的导师指导下进行。He wants to improve his spoken English under the guidance of a British teacher. 他想在一位英国老师的指导下提高他的英语口语。
【链接高考】（2019全国卷I）The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program. 省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生找到暑期工作。 截止日期和你需要申请什么取决于项目。 （2020浙江卷）To show the versatility (多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play. 为了展示这出短剧的多面性，我把指导剧、广播剧和电视剧都列入其中。（2016北京卷）For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. 对前几代人来说，上大学是摆脱父母控制的决定性时刻; 指导和支持需要来自同龄人和内部的帮助。（2014湖南卷）Practise under the guidance of some experienced writers and teachers who can help you with basic writing skills. 在一些有经验的作家和老师的指导下练习，他们可以帮助你掌握基本的写作技巧。
60. fault /fɔːlt/ n. 过错，责任；弱点，缺点（11）【原句背诵】As you go through your daily life, you will encounter many difficult situations where things may go wrong. Instead of being quick to blame others, analyse the problem, and if it is indeed your own fault, be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it.【联想拓展】find fault with 挑剔；批评；抱怨find fault with sb 挑某人毛病; 找某人的茬find fault in 看出……的缺点; 找出……的毛病find fault and make trouble 寻事惹非 faulty adj. 有故障的，有缺陷的；（思维方法）有错误的faultless adj. 完美的；无缺点的【经典例句】It's your own fault for being careless. 你粗心大意是你自己的过失。Why should I say sorry when it's not my fault ? 不是我的错为什么要我道歉？He's proud of his children and blind to their faults. 他为孩子们感到自豪，对他们的缺点视而不见。I was disappointed whenever the cook found fault with my work. 每当厨师挑我工作上的毛病时，我都很失望。
61. virtue /ˈvɜːtʃuː/ n. 美德；正直的品性；优点 （11）【原句背诵】This way, you practice the virtue of courage. Always give your best in whatever you set out to do, however difficult that might be. This way, you practise the virtue of determination.【联想拓展】have the virtue of 具有…的优点by/in virtue of 由于，凭借virtual adj. 几乎……的，实质上的；（在计算机或互联网上存在或出现的）虚拟的，模拟的virtuous adj. 道德高尚的，品行端正的；自命清高的【同义词】当virtue意思是“优点”时，其同义词可以是advantage。【经典例句】Modesty is a kind of virtue. 谦虚是一种美德。It's not a virtue to speak ill of others in private. 私底下说别人坏话不是一种美德。They could see no virtue in discussing it further. 他们看不到再讨论下去有什么用处。She got the job by virtue of her greater experience. 她由于经验较为丰富而得到了那份工作。The new product is beyond all praise and has quickly taken over the market by virtue of its superior quality. 这款新产品很快就广受赞誉，并因其超好的质量迅速占领市场。Everyone has his shortcomings, but we can make a virtue of our own shortcomings and turn them into our advantages. 每个人都有缺点，但是我们可以利用我们自己的缺点，并将其转化为优点。
【链接高考】（2017全国卷II）Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. 我们俩都具有美国演员的典型品质和美德: 幽默、好斗、互相取笑——但总是隐含着一种情感。
62. integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. 诚实正直；完好（12）【原句背诵】Be honest by saying what you mean and by meaning what you say. This way, youpractise the virtue of integrity.【联想拓展】personal/professional/artistic integrity 个人的╱职业上的╱艺术家的诚实正直to behave with integrity 行为表现诚实正直to respect the territorial integrity of the nation 尊重该国的领土完整【经典例句】I have always regarded him as a man of integrity. 我一直把他当作一个正直诚实的人。He inspires affection and respect as a man of unquestionable integrity. 作为一个无可争议的正直的人，他赢得了人们的爱戴与尊敬。Integrity and honesty are words that spring to mind when talking of the man. 谈到这个人时就会马上想到“正直”和“诚实”这两个词。Separatist movements are a threat to the integrity of the nation. 分裂活动是对国家领土完整的威胁。
63. organic /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ adj. 有机的，统一的；绿色的；生物的（12）【原句背诵】Society is an organic whole, and as social beings, we have a responsibility to make a contribution. 【联想拓展】organic cheese/vegetables/wine, etc. 有机奶酪、蔬菜、酒等an organic farmer/gardener 实行有机栽培的农民╱园艺师organic farming/horticulture 有机种植╱园艺organ n. （人体或动植物的）器官organism n. 生物，有机体，（尤指）微生物；有机组织，有机体系organically adv. 有机地；有组织地；器官上地【经典例句】The farm has changed over to organic methods. 农场已改用有机肥料的耕作方法。Most supermarkets sell a range of organic products. 多数超市都经销一系列有机产品。There's an increased demand for organic produce these days. 目前对有机农产品有更大的需求。
【链接高考】（2017全国卷II）What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. 植物泵入空气的是一种被称为挥发性有机化合物(简称VOCs)的化学混合物。 （2013辽宁卷）Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles. We now shop at organic (有机的) stores. 在“绿色年”的过程中，我们完全改变了我们的生活方式。 我们现在在有机商店购物。
64. starfish /ˈstɑːfɪʃ/ n. 海星，星鱼（12）【原句背诵】You may have heard the story of a small boy who tried to save starfish left on the beach after a storm, by throwing them back into the sea.65. discouraged /dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒd/ adj. 灰心的，泄气的（12）【原句背诵】Passers-by told him that he was wasting his time, for he could not possibly save them all. However, the boy was not discouraged, believing that he could make a difference to the ones that he saved.【联想拓展】discouraging adj. 使人沮丧的；令人气馁的discourage v. 使泄气，使灰心；使打消念头，劝阻；阻碍discourage sb (from doing sth) 使灰心；使泄气；使丧失信心discouragement n. 气馁；挫折；劝阻【警示误区】discouraged表示“被动”意义，discouraging表示“主动”意义。【经典例句】She was determined not to be too discouraged. 她下了决心不要太气馁。Aren't you discouraged by the slow progress your staff is making? 你的员工进步这么缓慢，你不感到气馁吗？The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. 这次失败对他是一个巨大的打击，但他没有气馁，很快又恢复了热情。
【链接高考】（2021全国甲卷）Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not. 我们的星球能承受任何伟大的思想家变得气馁和放弃吗? 不是天才就能知道答案：绝对不行。 （2020天津卷）How should you start? Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. 你应该如何开始? 要虚心，以免变得气馁。
66. garbage /ˈɡɑːbɪdʒ/ n. 垃圾；废话（12）【原句背诵】For example, picking up garbage around your neighbourhood contributes to a cleaner environment. 67. saving /ˈseɪvɪŋ/ n. 节省物，节省；储蓄金（12）【原句背诵】Being energy-efficient leads to savings of our precious natural resources. 68. bonus /ˈbəʊnəs/ n. 意外收获；奖金，红利（12）【原句背诵】 Just like the “starfish boy”, you may even inspire people around you to do the same, which is an added bonus.
69. weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重…的思想负担（12）【原句背诵】So, dear students, take your first step into the adult world by accepting yourresponsibilities, so that adulthood will be an enjoyable and rewarding experiencefor both you and those around you. Sometimes, responsibilities may weigh heavilyon you. 【联想拓展】weigh one’s words 推敲；斟酌字句weigh sb down 使烦恼；使焦虑；使忧心忡忡weigh sb up（通过观察或谈话）形成对…的看法，品评weigh sth (up)/ weigh (up) sth (against sth) 认真考虑；权衡；斟酌【经典例句】The responsibilities weigh heavily on him. 他肩负重任，寝食不安。Something was weighing on her mind. 她心事重重。 The responsibilities of the job are weighing her down. 这项工作的责任压得她喘不过气来。I weighed up the benefits of the plan against the risks involved. 我认真权衡了这个计划的优点和有关的风险。
70. jade /dʒeɪd/ n. 玉，碧玉（12）71. sow /səʊ/ vt.&vi. (sowed, sown) 播种，种（12）72. harvest /ˈhɑːvɪst/ n. 收成，收货量；收获季节，收割 vt.&vi. 收割，捕猎（12）【原句背诵】However, just as the Chinese saying goes, “Jade is good-for-nothing if not carved.” A man cannot be perfected without trials. Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow. I wish you every success in your adult life!【联想拓展】sow sth (in/on sth)/sow sth (with sth) 播种；种sow the seeds of sth 成为…的肇端；播下…的种子the grain harvest 谷物的收成a good/bad harvest (= a lot of crops or few crops) 丰收；歉收【警示误区】sow的过去式是sowed, 过去分词是sown, 使用时要注意！【同音词】sew /səʊ/ v. 缝，缝纫，缝补
【经典例句】The fields around had been sown with wheat. 周围的地里种上了小麦。Sow the seed in a warm place in February/March. 在2月或3月里把种子播在温暖的地方。Farmers are extremely busy during the harvest. 农民在收获季节里十分忙碌。 There was about 300 million tons of grain in the fields at the start of the harvest. 收割伊始田间大约有三亿吨的谷物。 Millions of people are threatened with starvation as a result of drought and poor harvests. 数百万人因干旱和歉收正受到饥饿的威胁。Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops by hand. 这儿的稻农仍然靠双手种植和收割庄稼。
【链接高考】（2020新课标卷III）Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. 朱比拉多博士在菲律宾的萨马岛(Samal Island)长大时，第一次见到了巴焦人。 他们以潜水员、鱼叉捕鱼或捕捞贝类为生。 （2018江苏卷）The tool enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.这种工具使小型企业农民每小时可以收获175磅的绿色蔬菜，这比手工收获几十磅的蔬菜有了巨大的进步，突然之间，这些小农就有可能与加州的大农场竞争。 （2016江苏卷）A study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.一项研究发现，1997年强劲的尼非奥使美国经济增长了150亿美元，部分原因是农业收成更好，中西部的农民从额外的降雨中获益。
73. rejoice /rɪˈdʒɔɪs/ n. 非常高兴，深感欣喜（13）【原句背诵】Worry before all others worry; rejoice after all others have rejoiced. —Fan Zhongyan【联想拓展】rejoice (at/in/over sth) 非常高兴；深感欣喜Rejoice 飘柔；庆幸；欣喜；快乐【经典例句】When the war ended, people finally had cause to rejoice. 战争结束，人们终于可以欢欣鼓舞了。The motor industry is rejoicing at the cut in car tax. 汽车工业对汽车减税感到非常高兴。We both rejoice at moments of success, and feel frustrated at setbacks. 这期间，我们不时享受着成功的喜悦，也品味了诸多挫折的沮丧。
74. quote /kwəʊt/ n. 引语，原话 vt.&vi. 引用，引述；举例说明（13）【原句背诵】This quote tells us that a person should act for the benefit of society at large.【联想拓展】quote (sth) (from sb/sth)/quote (sb) (as doing sth) 引用；引述 quotation n. 引语，引文；音乐（或艺术品）片段的引用；引用，引述【经典例句】The reporter quoted a passage from the minister’s speech. 记者引用了部长的一段讲话。The President was quoted in the press as saying that he disagreed with the decision. 报刊援引总统的话，说他不赞成这项决定。
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