高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 词汇讲解 习题

M7  U1 词汇讲解+练习

Part 1 单词拓展

1. barely /ˈbeəli/ adv. 刚好；仅仅，勉强可能； 几乎不；刚才 

拓展：

当never, seldom, few, little, barely, hardly, scarcely, rarely, no, not等含有否定意义的副词及其构成的短语放在句首，句子要用部分倒装，即把be动词/情态动词/助动词提至主语前面。

2. appointment /əˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 约定，约会； 任命，委任；职务

拓展：

appointment n. 约会;预约;任命,委任→appoint vt. 任命;委派;指定;约定→appointed adj. 指定

3. make one’s fortune 发财

拓展：

fortune n. 大笔的钱,财富;运气→fortunate adj. 幸运的→fortunately adv. 幸运地

→【反】misfortune n. 不幸→unfortunate adj. 不幸的;令人遗憾的→unfortunately adv. 不幸地;令人遗憾地

4. reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的；

拓展：

 *rely vi. 依靠，依赖，信任，信赖→reliable adj. 可依靠的，可信赖的→【同】depend vi. 依靠，依赖，信任，信赖

5. worthwhile /ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl/ adj. 值得花时间（或 花钱、努力等），重要的，令人愉快的 (2)

拓展：

*worthy adj. 配得上的→worth adj. 值……→worthwhile adj. 值得做的，值得花费时间/金钱的→【反】worthless adj. 没有价值的；没有用的

练习：

【即时训练】

Ⅰ. 语境串词

(1)This article is well ______ reading, but it is not _________ of being translated.So I feel that all your efforts aren’t _________.(worth)

Ⅱ. 语法填空

(2)I think your outstanding performance is worthy of ______________(praise)．

(3)(2019·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)Staff and students from different clubs will stage singing, dancing and drama performances, which are well worthy __________(watch).

(4)The question is not worth ___________ again and again.

(5)_________ is worthwhile buying/to buy the reference book, because it is a great help for your study

【参考答案】 (1)worth  worthy  worthwhile  (2)being praised  (3)to be watched  (4)discussing  (5)It

6. outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ vt. 概述，略述  n. 概述；轮廓线，略图 (3)

拓展：

outline n. 提纲,概要;轮廓线,略图→【同】sketch n. 素描;略图;梗概

7. criminal /ˈkrɪmɪnl/ n. 罪犯 adj. 犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的 (3)

 拓展：

crime n. 犯罪 →criminal adj. 犯罪的 / n. 犯人

8. innocent /ˈɪnəsnt/ adj. 无辜的，清白的，无罪 的；天真无邪的，纯真的 n. 无辜者

 拓展：

innocent adj. 清白的;无罪的;无恶意的;纯真的→innocence n. 清白;无辜

→【反】guilty adj. 有罪的→guilt n. 有罪

9. legal /ˈliːɡl/ adj. 合法的；法律的

 拓展：

illegally adv. 非法地→illegal adj. 非法的→legal adj. 合法的→legally adv. 合法地

10. principle /ˈprɪnsəpl/ n. 道德原则；法则； 信条

 拓展：

principle n. 原则,法则;道德原则,行为准则→【联】principal n. 校长 adj. 最重要的,主要的

11. guilty /ˈɡɪlti/ adj. 感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；

 拓展：

innocent adj. 清白的;无罪的;无恶意的;纯真的→innocence n. 清白;无辜→【反】guilty adj. 有罪的→guilt n. 有罪

 练习：

【即时训练】

语法填空

(1) He was found ______(guilt) and sentenced to three years in prison.

(2) Sam was proved to be guilty _________ murdering an eight­year­old girl.

(3) I felt guilty _____ visiting my parents so rarely because I was occupied with some extra work on the weekend.

(4) Finally, the criminal admitted his _____(guilty) after the police educated him.

【参考答案】(1)guilty  (2)of  (3)about  (4)guilt

12. ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/ adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 (7)

 拓展：

ashamed adj.惭愧的，羞愧的→shameful adj.令人惭愧的，令人羞愧的→shame n. 羞愧  【反】proud

13. forgive /fəˈɡɪv/ vt. & vi. (forgave, forgiven) 原谅，宽恕；免除（债务）

 拓展：

 *forgive vt. 原谅，宽恕→forgiveness n. 原谅，宽恕

 forgive (forgave, forgiven) vt.原谅，宽恕

【即时训练】

Ⅰ. 语法填空

⑴We forgave him _____________ being rude as he was so young.

⑵Tom forgave his little sister for _____________ (destroy) his toy car.

⑶Please forgive my ______________ (interrupt) your conversation.

Ⅱ. 完成句子

(4)After the argument the boys decided to____________________ (摒弃前嫌).

(5) 请原谅我以前你在中国期间我做得不对的地方。

Please ______________ what I did wrong before during your stay in China.

【参考答案】⑴for ⑵destroying ⑶interrupting ⑷forgive and forget ⑸forgive me for

14. cheat /tʃiːt/ vt. 欺骗，蒙骗 vi. 作弊，舞弊

 拓展：

 cheat v. 欺骗;作弊 n. 骗子;欺诈行为→【同】fool vt. 欺骗，愚弄 n. 傻瓜→foolish adj. 傻的→trick n. 骗局;玩笑;恶作剧;戏法;把戏;诀窍 vt. 欺骗;欺诈

15. disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ adj. 失望的， 沮丧的

 拓展：

disappointed adj. 失望的→disappointing adj. 令人失望的→disappoint vt. 使……失望→disappointment n. 失望

16. pretend /prɪˈtend/ vi. & vt. 假装；装扮，扮作； 自诩，自认为

【温馨贴士】to do 根据动词不定式的动作发生时间运用不同的形式：to do表示经常或将来 to be doing表示正在进行 to have done 表示过去或完成

【即时训练】

语法填空

(1) She pretended ___________(do) her homework when her mother came in.

(2)(2019·6月浙江高考满分作文)When I am faced with difficulties in English learning, I won't pretend____________(know) it, but turn to you.

(3) We can't go on pretending ____ everything is OK.

【参考答案】⑴to be doing  ⑵to have known ⑶that

17. *anchor /ˈæŋkə(r)/ n. 锚；给以安全感的人（或物） vi. & vt. 抛锚；使固定 (11)

 拓展：

be anchored in 基于……

18. mercy /ˈmɜːsi/ n. 仁慈，宽恕

at the mercy of sb/sth 任…处置，对… 无能为力

 拓展：

【即时训练】

完成句子

⑴小船的马达出现故障之后，他们只能任由天气的摆布。

After the boat's motor failed, they were only ________________ the weather.

⑵(2019·6月浙江高考)你心地善良，总是对那些身陷困境中的人心生怜悯。

You are kind and always ___________________________ those in trouble.

【参考答案】(1)at the mercy of (2) show mercy to

19. guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ n. 指导；导航 

 拓展：

guidance n. 指导;引导→guide v. 指导;带领; n. 导游;指南

20.  discouraged /dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒd/ adj. 灰心的 (12)

 拓展：

discourage vt. 使灰心;劝阻→discouraged adj. 沮丧的，灰心的→discouragement n. 气馁,失望→【反】encourage vt. 鼓励→encouragement n. 鼓励→courage n. 勇气

Part 2：Reading词汇练习

1. It was __________________（刚好） ten o’clock at night.
2.  In the doorway of a store stood a man, with an unlit ________（雪茄烟） in his mouth.
3. It’s an ____________（约定） made twenty years ago.

The light showed a pale

4. face, with ________________（敏锐的） eyes, a square ________________（下巴） and a little white ________________（伤痕） near his right ________________（眉毛）.
5. His ______________（围巾夹） was a large ______________（钻石）, oddly set.
6. The next morning I was to leave New York and travel to the West to _____________（发财）.
7. “Well, we kept in touch for a year or two, and then we ___________（失去联系）.

 I came a thousand miles to stand in this

8. doorway tonight, and it’s___________（值得的） if my old partner turns up.

About twenty minutes later, a tall man

9. in a long overcoat, with ___________（衣领） turned up to his ears, hurried toward him.
10. “___________（祝福） my heart!” cried the new arrival. “Well, well, well! Twenty years is a long time! How has the West treated you, old man?”

“It has given me everything I asked it for. You’ve changed lots, Jimmy. I never

thought you were tall by two or three__________（英寸）.”

11. The two men walked up the street, __________臂挽着臂）.
12. The man from the West was beginning to _____________(概述) the history of his career.
13. “As I __________(疑有，觉得), you’re not Jimmy Wells,” he said, impatiently with anger. “Twenty years is a long time, but not long enough to change the shape of a man’s nose.”
14.  “You’ve been __________(被逮捕) for ten minutes, ‘Silky’ Bob. Chicago police thought you might have dropped over our way and__________( 给（某人）打电报) us.
15. When you struck the match to light your cigar I saw it was the face of the _________(罪犯)wanted in Chicago. _________(不过，总之) I couldn’t arrest you myself, so I got a plain-clothes man to do the job. JIMMY.”

Grammar词汇练习

16. What complicates the issue is the ________(负担)of history.
17. The_________(主要的，核心的)activities of local authorities were reorganized.
18. Riskily, he's decided to __________(辞职)
19. He regularly donates _______________(大量的) sums of money to local charities.

Integrated skill 词汇练习

20. Naturally, we were very ______________（人感到失望的）.
21. Not even their diehard supporters can_________（假装） that this was a great game.
22. The skin around her eyes was beginning to __________（起皱纹）.

Reading答案：1. barely; 2. cigar; 3. appointment; 4. keen,jaw; scar;eyebrow; 5. scarfpin, diamond 6. make fortune 7.lost contact 8. worthwhile 9. collar 10. Bless ; inches 11. arm in arm ; 12. outline; 13. suspected; 14. arrested; 15. criminal; Anyhow

Grammar答案： 16. burden; 17. core; 18. resign; 19. substantial

Integrated skill答案：20disappointed;21pretend;22wrinkle