2022年九年级中考英语语法知识梳理 - - 情态动词学案

这是一份2022年九年级中考英语语法知识梳理 - - 情态动词学案，共12页。学案主要包含了三人称等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022年九年级中考英语语法知识梳理情态动词 情态动词是表示说话人的语气或情态的动词。情态动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，在句中必须跟动词原形，并与后面的动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。常用的情态动词有：can，may，must，could，might，will，shall，would，should，need等。 1.情态动can，could的4种用法（1）表示能力，指过去、现在无论什么时候想做就能做到的能力，意为 “能，会”。could是can的过去式，can表示现在的能力；could表示过去的能力。如：I can sing this song in English.我能用英语唱这首歌。Can you tell me where the museum is？你能告诉我博物馆在哪吗？I couldn't play the piano until I was five years old.我直到五岁才会弹钢琴。注意：can与be able to都表示“能；能够”，但它们在用法上有区别：①be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can则强调自身已具有的能力。如：Hens can hatch chickens.母鸡能孵小鸡。I'm sure he will be able to work out the problem.我肯定他能算出那道题。②be able to 强调一种结果，而can只强调一种可能。如：Luckily，he was able to escape from the big fire in the end.幸运的是，他终于逃出了大火。If he got here a few hours earlier，I could save him.要是他早几小时来，我还能救他。③be able to 可以有各种时态；而can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。如：I could help you last night，but you didn't come.昨天晚上我能帮你，而你又没来。Can you see it there？你能看见它在那儿吗？He is/was/will be able to help you.他能帮你的忙。④can可用于表示可能性，推测，允许等情况，而be able to通常不这样用。如：Somebody is knocking at the door.Who can it be？有人在敲门，会是谁呢？It can't be our teacher who is knocking at the door.正在敲门的那个人不可能是我们的老师。（2）表示请求和许可，意为 “可以”，此时可以与may互换使用。如：You can use my pen instead 你可以用我的笔。Can I come in？我可以进来吗？Could I watch TV for a while，Mum？妈妈，我可以看一会儿电视吗？注意：①用could表示请求时，could不是过去式，而是表达一种客气委婉的语气。如：Could I have the television on？我可以开电视吗？②表示允许别人做某事时只能用can，不能用could。如：— Could I use your mobile phone for a while？我可以用一会儿你的手机吗？— Yes，of course you can.好的，当然可以。— Could you answer me a question？请回答我一个问题好吗？— Yes，I can./No，I can't.好。/不行。（3）表示肯定推测，意为 “可能，会”，但只表示一种猜测或者是理论上的可能性；表示否定推测，can't意为“不可能；不会”。如：Can he be there too？他也会在那儿吗？Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。He can't have finished his work.他不可能把工作做完了。（4）表示惊讶，通常用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。如：Can this be your reason？这难道就是你的理由？How can you say it like that？你怎么能那样说话呢？ 2.情态动词may，might的用法（1）表示请求和许可，意为“可以”，比can和could更正式。might含有试探和犹豫不决的意思。表示给予许可时，用may不用might；may not用来表示拒绝或禁止。如：May/Might/Can I come in？我可以进来吗？He said I might borrow his car.他说我可以借他的车。You may take everything you like.你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。You may not go out at night.晚上你不可以出去。注意：①might是may的过去式。但上述第一例中的might不是过去式，而是表示客气委婉的语气；第二例中主句用了过去时，宾语从句中的might可视为过去式。②might除用作may的过去式外，还可表示现在，但语气比may更委婉。如：Might I have a look at your new computer？我可以看一看你的新电脑吗？You might tell us the truth.你不妨把真相告诉我们。③若用might代替may提出请求，注意其答语不能再用might。如：— Might I ask you a question？我可以问你个问题吗？— Yes，you may./No，you can't.—可以。/不可以。（2）表示推测，通常用于肯定句和否定句中，意为“可能”。如：He may be very busy now.他现在可能很忙。Peter might phone.If he does，could you ask him to ring later？彼得可能会打电话。如果他打电话的话，能否告诉他晚些时候再打过来？He said that she might not be at work today.他说她今天可能不上班。注意：①表示推测时，might一般不表示过去式，而是表示客气委婉的语气。②can和may都可表示推测，can通常用于否定句和疑问句，而may 则通常用于肯定句和否定句。虽然两者均可用于否定句，但其意思不同：can't 意为“不可能”，may not意为“可能不”，后者较前者语气弱得多。如：It can't be true.那不可能是真的。It may not be true.那可能不是真的。③can和may 均可表示请求允许，但can 为一般用词，而may为正式用语。 3.情态动词must与have to的使用4注意（1）must表示主观义务，意为“必须”，其否定式must not可缩写为mustn't，意为“不能，不准”。如：We must get there before five o'clock.我们必须在五点钟前赶到那儿。You mustn't break the rules.你不能破坏规定。注意：must开头的一般疑问句否定回答用needn't或don't have to，意为“不必”。如：Must I stay here after school？放学后我还必须留在这儿吗？No，you needn't/don't have to.不了，没有必要。（2）must表示推测、推断，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”。如：He must be our headmaster.他一定是我们的校长。They are friends.He must know about him.他们是朋友，他一定了解他。He must have seen the film last night.他昨天晚上一定看了那场电影。注意：①must只表示肯定推测，表示否定推测用can't。如：The light is still on，so he must be at home.灯还亮着，所以他一定在家。The man can't be my father.He went to Beijing early this morning.那人不可能是我父亲，他今天一早就去北京了。②对目前的情况进行推断用must+动词原形；对过去的事情进行推断用must have+过去分词。如：The light was out.They must have gone to bed.灯都熄了，他们一定是睡了。（3）have to表示客观要求，意为“不得不；必须；得”。如：Now there's no bus here，so we have to walk home.现在这里没有公共汽车了，我们不得不步行回家。We have no food at home，you have to go and get some，Tom.家里没有食物了，汤姆你得去买一些来。（4）have to可以用于多种时态；而must只用于一般现在时态。如：I had to get up early yesterday.昨天我必须很早起床。You will have to be here on time next Monday.下周一你必须按时来这儿。4.情态动词need的用法need作情态动词，其后用动词原形，只用于否定句和疑问句中。在疑问句中need意为“需要”；在否定句中，need与not可缩写为needn't，意为“不必”。如：You needn't go there yourself.你不必自己亲自去那儿。Need I help you do the housework？我需要帮你干家务活吗？注意：①need一般疑问句的肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't。如：— Need I do anything for you？我需要为你干些什么吗？— Yes，you must.是的，你得做。— No，you needn't.不，没有必要。②need还可用作实义动词，意为“需要”，这时need有人称、数及时态的变化，它可接名词，代词，动词不定式及动词的-ing形式作宾语。接动词-ing形式作宾语时，它的主动形式表被动意义。如：He needs help.他需要帮助。Does he need help？他需要帮助吗？He doesn't need help.他不需要帮助。The house needs cleaning.房子需要打扫。The house needs to be cleaned.房子需要打扫。  5.情态动词will与would的用法（1）will和would作情态动词表示意愿。will 表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿。如：I will pay you at the rate you ask.我愿意照你要求的价钱付款。Go where you will.你愿到哪里就到哪里。He wouldn't help me yesterday.他昨天不愿帮助我。She asked if I would go with them.她问我是否愿意同他们一起去。注意：would也可表示现在的意愿，但语气较will委婉。如：I would go there with you.我愿同你一起去那儿。I wouldn't go.我不愿意去。（2）表示征求意见或提出请求，主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时并不表过去，而表示委婉语气。如：Won't you take off your coat？你要不要把大衣脱掉？Will/Would you please post the letter for me？请帮我寄了这封信好吗？Would Sunday night suit you？星期天晚上适合你吗？注意：would有时用于提出想法，通常与like，love，hate，prefer，be glad，be happy等连用，若用于第一人称有时也可将would换成should。如：I'd like/love to have a look at it.我想看看它。I would prefer not to go out today.我今天不想出去。（3）表示习惯和倾向性。will表示现在的习惯，would表示过去的习惯。如：Oil will float on water.油总是浮在水上。This window won't open.这扇窗户经常打不开。When he was a child，he would often go skiing.他小时候经常去滑雪。（4）表示推测。will用于谈论现在，would可用于谈论过去，也可用于谈论现在，但语气较will更委婉。如：This car will hold six people.这辆小汽车可以坐六个人。Ask him.He will know.问问他吧，他大概知道。You wouldn't know.你不会知道。Every family would have some sort of trouble.家家都会有本难念的经。The person you mentioned would be her father，is that right？你提的那个人想必是她的父亲，对吗？ 6.情态动词shall的用法（1）shall在疑问句中用来征求对方意见，主要用于第一人称，在英国英语中，也用于第三人称，意为“要不要；……好吗”。如：Shall we meet again tonight？咱们今晚再见面好吗？Shall they wait for you？要不要他们等你？（2）shall在陈述句中表示说话者的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令、必然性等，主要用于第二、三人称。如：You shall suffer for this.你会为此事吃苦头的。（表示威胁）That day shall come.那一天一定会来。（表示必然性）You shall hear everything directly you come.你一来就可听到所有情况了。（表示允诺）注意：①Shall I...？用来询问对方的意见。其肯定回答为：Yes，please./Yes，do it，please.否定回答为：No，please don't./Sorry，……如：— Shall I leave the window open？我可以开着窗吗？— Yes，please.好的，可以。/Sorry，I feel a little cold.对不起，我感觉有点冷。②Shall we ...？是向对方提出建议。其肯定回答为：All right./Yes.Yes，let's....其否定回答为：Sorry，I'm afraid we can't./No，let's not.如：— Shall we start off now？我们现在可以开始了吗？— Yes，let's start.好的，我们开始吧。/Sorry，Lucy hasn't turned up yet.对不起，露西还没来呢。 7.情态动词should的用法（1）表示义务、责任等，意为“应该，应当”。否定句should not可缩写为shouldn't。如：He should work harder.他应该更加努力工作。You should help your mother with the housework.你应该帮你母亲做家务。You shouldn't leave your little brother at home by himself.你不应当把你的小弟弟单独留在家里。（2）表示可能性，意为“可能；该；按道理来说”。如：He should arrive soon他可能很快就到了。The train should have already left.火车大概已经走了。（3）should的完成式：should have done表示“本应该做某事，但事实上却没有做”；shouldn't have done表示“本不该做某事，但事实上却做了”。如：You should have got up earlier.你本应该早点起的。You shouldn't have told him about it.你本不该把这件事告诉他的。[辨析] should与ought to①情态动词should与ought to都表示“应当；应该；可能”等，两者可互换，只是ought to的语气稍重。如：You ought to/should work harder than that.你应当更努力地工作。She ought to/should finish it by next week.下星期她可能完成了。You ought to/should have told him about it earlier.你本应该早点把这件事告诉他的。You oughtn't to/shouldn't have wasted time like that.你本不该像那样浪费时间的。②should 强调主观看法，而 ought to 强调客观要求。如：It should be ten o'clock now.现在该有十点了。We ought to go and see my mother in hospital tomorrow，but I don't think we will.我们按理应当在明天去看看住院的母亲的，但我认为我们不会去。③在公告、须知或条例中，出于礼貌，常用should而不用ought to。如：You shouldn't run alongside the swimming pool.不准在游泳池边奔跑。④在虚拟语气中只能用should不用ought to。如：He suggested that I should go there.他建议我去那里。⑤ought to的否定式是ought not to；疑问式是Ought+主语+to do；反意疑问式是oughtn't+代词主格。如：You ought not to do it.你不应该做此事。— Ought he to start now？他现在该动身了吗？— Yes，he ought （to）.是的，该动身了。They ought to go now，oughtn't they？他们现在该走了，对吗？【中考速递】1.A good friend is someone you _____ share your pleasure and pain with.A.ought B.need C.can D.must2. — You look very pretty，if I _____ say so.— Thanks a lot for saying that.A.must B.may C.will D.have to3. — Must I clean the room now？— No，you _____.You can do it later.A.needn't B.can't C.may not4. — Please be quiet.Our teacher is coming.— It _____ be our teacher.She has gone to Beijing.A.must B.may C.can't D.mustn't5.You _____ take me to the station.My brother's taking me.A.can't B.mustn't C.shouldn't D.don' t have to6. — Finally，they came back.— They _____ be hungry after such a long walk.A.can't B.must C.needn't【答案点拨】1.答案：C 句意：真正的好朋友是可以分享快乐和痛苦的人。表示“可以”用情态动词can，故选C。2.答案：B 句意：“你看上去很漂亮，我是否可以这样说。”“多谢夸奖。”表示请求许可用情态动词may，故选B。3.答案：A 句意：“我必须现在打扫房间吗？”“不，你不必。你可以过一会儿打扫。”must引导的一般疑问句否定回答用needn't表示“不必”，故选A。4.答案：C 句意：“请安静。我们的老师来了。”“不可能是我们老师。她到北京去了。”表示否定推测用can't表示不可能，故选C。5.答案：D 句意：你不必带我去车站了。我兄弟要带我去。由下句可推知这里为没有必要，故选D。6.答案：B 句意：“最终，他们回来了”“走了这么长的一段路，他们一定饿了。”由after such a long walk可推知这里用must be“一定是”表示肯定推测，故选B。【语法专练 体验中考】1. We need clear air and water，so we _____ protect the environment.A.can B.may C.must D.might2.— Hi，Jack！Could you come to our English party？— Sorry，I _____.I have to look after my little sister at home.A.must B.could C.can't3 — Helen，who _____ fix up the computer in our class？— I think Jeff can.A.should B.would C.must D.can4. — Let's go climbing，shall we？— You _____ be joking！Don't you know I'm afraid of high places？A.must B.can C.may D.should5. — What should we do to protect the fish in the river？— We _____ throw rubbish into the river.A.need B.needn't C.must D.mustn't6. — Look！Is that your brother Johnson？— Oh，it _____ be him.He is in London now.A.can't B.must C.mustn't7. — Mum，_____ I visit the Modern Art Museum next Monday.— I am afraid you can't.All the museums in this city are closed on Monday.A.would B.need C.should D.may8. — Must I do the dishes now？— No，you _____.A.mustn't B.needn't C.may not D.can't9. — Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books.— That's too bad.Everyone _____ be a book lover.Reading is more enjoyable.A.may B.should C.would10. — Could I smoke here？— Sorry.I am afraid you _____.Look at the sign “No smoking”！A.couldn't B.needn't C.can't D.won't11.— Mum，_____ I play football this afternoon？— Sure，but you _____ finish your homework first.A.may；could B.can；must C.can；mustn't D.may；can't12. — I still haven't found my pet dog.— I'm sorry to hear that.You _____ be very sad.A.can B.should C.must D.will13. — Excuse me，is this the right way to the Children's Palace？— Sorry，I'm not sure.But it _____ be.A.mustn't B.might C.can't D.must14. — Look，the lady in red _____ be our English teacher.— No，she _____ be.She is in the office now.A.must；can't B.can；mustn'tC.may；mustn't D.shall；can't15. — Must we finish the work today？— _____.We have something else to do tomorrow.A.Yes，we can B.No，we can't.C.Yes，we must. D.No，we needn't【答案速递】1.C 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C