英语选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Poems导学案

这是一份英语选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Poems导学案，共7页。

情境创设·语法精讲
教材链接
（1）（教材P50）There are varius reasns why peple cmpse petry.
（2）（教材P50）One f the simplest kinds f pem is the “list pem”, which cntains a list f things, peple, ideas, r descriptins that develp a particular theme.
（3）（教材P50）List pems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give bth a pattern and a rhythm t the pem.
（4）（教材P51）Anther simple frm f pem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up f five lines.
（5）（教材P51）Haiku is a Japanese frm f petry that cnsists f 17 syllables.
（6）（教材P51）The haiku pem （E） n the right is a translatin frm Japanese, which shws a mment in the life f a delicate butterfly.
观察上面句子, 它们中均包含了定语从句 , 其中（1）、（3）、（5）中的定语从句为限制性定语从句, （6）中的为非限制性定语从句, （2）和（4）中既有限制性定语从句也有非限制性定语从句。
要点精析
1. 定语从句的基本概述
（1）定义：在主从复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。
（2）先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
（3）关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
①关系词有关系代词和关系副词两类。关系代词有that, which, wh, whm, whse, as; 关系副词有when, where, why等。
②关系词的作用主要有三点：连接主从句、替代先行词、在定语从句中作成分。
2.定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度, 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
（1）限制性定语从句紧跟先行词, 不用逗号与主句隔开, 删除后会影响整个句子的表达。
She is the nurse wh lks after the children.
她就是照料这些孩子的保姆。
D yu still remember the man wh taught us English?
你还记得教我们英语的那位男士吗？
（2）非限制性定语从句常用逗号与主句隔开, 起补充说明的作用, 如省略, 句子意思仍然完整明确。
The bk, which he lst yesterday, has been fund.
他昨天丢了的那本书已经找到了。
His daughter, wh is in Bstn nw, is cming hme next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿, 下个星期就要回来了。
3. 关系代词的用法
（1）基本用法
This is the present (that/which) Jack gave me fr my birthday. 这是杰克送给我的生日礼物。
The wrk that/which has just been finished is very imprtant. 刚刚完成的那份工作很重要。
The man (wh/whm/that) yu met just nw is my ld friend. 你刚才遇见的那个人是我的老朋友。
The number f peple that/wh cme t visit the city each year reaches ne millin. 每年来这座城市游览的人数达到了一百万。
This is the scientist whse achievements are well knwn.
这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。
（2）宜用that, 不宜用which的情况
①先行词是all、few、little（少）、much、nne、nthing、everything、smething等不定代词, 或被它们修饰时。
D yu have anything that yu want t say fr yurself?
你有什么要为自己说的吗？
Have yu taken dwn everything that Mr Li said?
你已经把李先生所说的话全部记下来了吗？
②先行词是序数词或形容词的最高级或被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is the best way that has been used against pllutin. 这是已经用过的抗污染的最好的办法。
The last place that we visited in Beijing was the Great Wall. 我们在北京参观的最后一个地方是长城。
③当先行词被the nly, the very等修饰时。
This is the very bus that I’m waiting fr.
这就是我正在等的公交车。
This is the nly bike that I can affrd.
这是我能买得起的唯一的一辆自行车。
④先行词既有人又有物时。
I can remember well the persn and pictures that I saw in the rm. 我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和照片。
⑤当主句是以which, wh等疑问词开头的疑问句时。
Which is the bike that yu lst?
哪辆是你丢的自行车？
⑥主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时。
There is a seat in the crner that is still available.
在那个角落还有一个空座位。
（3）宜用which不宜用that的情况
①在非限制性定语从句中, 用which, 不用that。
China Tday attracts a wrldwide readership, which shws mre and mre peple all ver the wrld want t learn abut China. 《今日中国》吸引了世界各地的读者, 这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。
②关系代词前有介词时, 通常用which, 而不用that。
This is the huse in which Lu Xun nce lived.
这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。
（4）as引导的定语从句
①as 引导限制性定语从句。as既可以指人, 也可以指物。在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。常用在s…as…, such…as…, as…as…, the same…as…等结构中。I have gt int the same truble as he has.
我惹了和他一样的麻烦。
Such reasns as we give can persuade him t give up this flish plan. 我们给出的这些理由可以说服他放弃这个愚蠢的计划。
②as引导非限制性定语从句时, 意为“正如; 正像”, 可放在句首、句末或句中。常用的表达有：
as we all knw = as is knwn t us all众所周知
as is reprted/expected正如报道/预料的那样
as is ften the case情况常常是这样
as has been said befre正如之前所说
4. 关系副词的用法
Oppsite is St Paul’s Cathedral, where yu can hear sme lvely music. 对面是圣保罗大教堂, 在那里你能听到一些优美的音乐。
I will never frget the days when I stayed in Tibet.
我永远不会忘记待在西藏的日子。
We dn’t knw the reasn why he didn’t attend the party. 我们不知道他没参加聚会的原因。
注意：
当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词, 如pint, stage, case, situatin, psitin等, 且关系词在定语从句中作状语时, 通常用关系副词where。
They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
There are cases where this rule is inapplicable.
在一些情况下, 这个规则是不适用的。
5.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词, 且关系词在定语从句中作状语时, 用关系副词引导定语从句。有时可用“介词+关系代词”结构替换关系副词。
（1）关系代词的选用
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时, 若先行词指人, 关系代词常用whm; 若先行词指物, 关系代词常用which。
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single persn t whm she culd turn. 在黑暗的街道上, 没有一个她可以求助的人。
Scientists try t prtect the island n which rare animals live. 科学家努力保护那个稀有动物居住的岛。
（2）介词的选用
①根据定语从句中动词或形容词的某种习惯搭配。Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill n/upnwhich schl educatin depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。This is the new prduct with which the bss is very satisfied. 这是老板非常满意的那款新产品。
②根据先行词的搭配习惯。
There are varius ways in which we can slve this prblem. 我们有很多方法可以解决这个问题。
③根据定语从句所表达的意义。
The clrless gas withut which we can’t live is called xygen. 这种我们离开它就不能生存的无色气体被称为氧气。
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.（2020课标全国Ⅰ）The best bks are the nes that pen further as time passes.
2.（2020课标全国Ⅰ）We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that/which we use every day.
3.（2020课标全国Ⅰ）The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn.
4.（2020课标全国Ⅰ）Here’s a handful f ways that/which will set yu in the right directin.
5.（2020全国新高考Ⅰ）Judges will chse up t 50 hnrable mentin winners, wh will each receive a T-shirt in memry f Earhart’s final flight.
6.（2020课标全国Ⅱ）I see libraries as a safe haven（避风港） fr readers and writers, a bridge that/which helps put tgether a reader with a bk.
7.（2020课标全国Ⅲ）In ancient China lived an artist whse paintings were almst lifelike.
8.（2020天津）Dr. Rwan, whse secretary resigned tw weeks ag, has had t d all his wn typing.
9.（2020江苏）Many lessns are nw available nline, frm which students can chse fr free.
10.（2020海南）Amazingly, the trees grw in such a way that/in which their leaves and branches, althugh clse tgether, never actually tuch thse f anther tree.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1.我们已经进入一个梦想有机会成真的最佳时代。
We have entered int an age where dreams have the best chance f cming true .
2.夹克的边缘上有一块布, 可以在黑暗中发光。
On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth that gives ff light in the dark .
3.这是我读过的最有趣的书之一。
This is ne f the mst interesting bks that I have ever read .
4.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想, 他们中大部分都接受过良好的教育。
Many yung peple, mst f whm are well-educated , headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
5.正如报道的那样, 吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。
The number f smkers, as is reprted , has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.
6.桌面上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。
The bks n the desk, whse cvers are shining , are prizes fr us.
7.幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于发现自身优势的人。Happiness and success ften cme t thse wh are gd at recgnizing their wn strengths .
8.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周, 届时天气可能会更好。
We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better .
9.一个月后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。
We’ll reach the sales targets in a mnth that/which we set at the beginning f the year .
10.他在当地一所高中上的学, 后来考上了北京大学。
He was educated at a lcal high schl, after which he was admitted t Peking University .关系代词
指人
指物
主语
宾语
表语
定语
that
√
√
√
√
√
which
√
√
√
√
wh
√
√
√
√
whm
√
√
whse
√
√
√
as
√
√
√
√
√
状语
when
where
why
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语