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英语必修 第三册Lesson 3 A Musical Genius导学案
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这是一份英语必修 第三册Lesson 3 A Musical Genius导学案，共20页。
Unit 7 Art
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.master A．n.奋斗 vi.奋斗，拼搏
( )2.pattern B．adj.(音乐)小调的；小的；不很
重要的
( )3.complex C．vt.标志着；预示 n．标识
( )4.aspect D．n.图案；花样，式样
( )5.struggle E．vt.掌握，精通 n．大师；主人
( )6.charge F．adv.否则；要不然
( )7.signal G．n.方面
( )8.broad H．adj.复杂的
( )9.minor I．adj.宽阔的；广博的
( )10.otherwise J．n.主管；负责
[答案] 1—5 EDHGA 6—10 JCIBF
B．短语匹配
( )1.refer to A．毫不犹豫做某事，尽管做某事
( )2.be regarded as B．放弃
( )3.not hesitate to do sth.
C．提到
( )4.broad smile D．被认为，被看作
( )5.give up E．满面的笑容
[答案] 1—5 CDAEB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．perform vi.&vt. 表演；演出
2．emotion n. 情感
3．complex adj. 复杂的
4．proceed vi. 继续；进行
5．genius n. 天才
6．compose vt. 作(曲)；构成；写作
7．respond vi.&vt. 回应，回复
8．conductor n. 指挥
9．joyous adj. 欢乐的，令人愉快的
10．backstage adj. 后台的；(在)幕后(的)
Ⅰ.语境填词
signal；regard；complex；emotion；charge；aspect；master；tense；pattern；broad
1．They expressed mixed emotions at the news.
2．French was a language he had never mastered．
3．The shirts were printed with a paisley pattern．
4．I spent a few tense weeks waiting for the results of the test.
5．This project involves a lot of complex technical problems.
6．She felt she had looked at the problem from every aspect．
7．He is regarded as the most successful writer of modern times.
8．His shoulders were broad and his waist narrow.
9．This announcement signalled a clear change of policy.
10．He took charge of the farm after his father's death.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．She made no reference(refer) to her illness but only to her future plans.
2．They made an emotional (emotion) appeal for help.
3．The committee includes representatives(represent) from industry.
4．Beethoven's music inspired me to be a composer(compose)．
5．I received an encouraging response(respond) to my advertisement.
6．Who is the conductor(conduct) of tonight's concert?
7．The great majority of players would，of course，sign the contract without hesitation(hesitate)．
1．In his twenties，he had been very famous for his skills on the piano，but then he began to lose his hearing.
20多岁时，他就以钢琴演奏技巧而闻名，但后来他开始失聪。
2．Inspired by his struggles with deafness，the composer produced some amazing pieces，including nine symphonies，five piano pieces，and an opera!
受到与耳聋斗争的启发，这位作曲家创作了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九首交响乐、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧！
3．As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page，Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
当他骄傲地在这一页的底部签上自己的名字时，贝多芬尽力想象当人们第一次听到这个名字时会有什么反应。
4．For more than an hour，Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra，waving his arms wildly in the air，and madly turning the pages of his score.
一个多小时以来，贝多芬在管弦乐队前跳来跳去，在空中疯狂地挥舞着双臂，疯狂地翻着乐谱。
5．It was not until Caroline Unger，one of the singers，took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.
直到其中一位歌唱家卡洛琳·昂格尔挽着他的胳膊，转过身去面对观众，这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐是成功的。
名师圈点
①composer n．作曲家
compose vt.作(曲)；构成；写作
②be regarded as被认为，被看作
③in one's twenties在某人二十多岁时
④be famous for因……而出名
⑤give up放弃
⑥struggle n．奋斗 vi.奋斗，拼搏
⑦including v．包含；包括
⑧symphony n．交响乐
⑨musical adj.音乐的
⑩work n．著作
⑪Vienna维也纳，位于多瑙河畔，奥地利首都及最大城市，是欧洲主要的文化中心，被誉为“世界音乐之都”。
⑫add...to...增添……到……
⑬sign vt.签字；署名
⑭respond vi.& vt. 回应，回复
response n．反应；回应
⑮backstage adj.后台的；(在)幕后(的)
⑯atmosphere n．气氛；氛围
⑰tense adj.紧张的；焦虑不安的
⑱disaster n．灾难
⑲after all毕竟
in all总共；总计
above all最重要的是
⑳orchestra n．(大型的)管弦乐队
genius n．天才
not hesitate to do sth.毫不犹豫地做某事
director n．指挥
take charge of主管；负责
skillfully adv.熟练地
joyous adj.欢乐的，令人愉快的
signal vt.标志着；预示n.标识
surprise n．令人吃惊的事/物
as well也；还
原文呈现
A MUSICAL GENIUS
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer①.He is regarded as② one of the greatest composers in the history of music.In his twenties③，he had been very famous for④ his skills on the piano，but then he began to lose his hearing.Beethoven thought about giving up⑤，but in the end he continued to write music.Inspired by his struggles⑥ with deafness，the composer produced some amazing pieces，including⑦ nine symphonies⑧，five piano pieces，and an opera! He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827，writing more than 130 musical⑨works⑩，including his Symphony No.9 in D minor[1]．
[1]writing...是现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。
One day in February 1824，at his little house in Vienna⑪，Austria，Ludwig van Beethoven sat back in his chair and smiled.The famous German composer's ninth symphony was finally completed.Writing the piece had taken several years，and now the final notes had been added to⑫ the score.[2] At 54 years of age，he didn't know that this would be his last symphony.As he proudly signed⑬ his name at the bottom of the page，Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond⑭ when they heard it for the first time.
[2]Writing the piece是动名词短语，在句中作主语。
Before the performance，the backstage⑮ atmosphere⑯at a very famous theatre in Vienna was tense⑰.Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a disaster⑱.After all⑲，what use is a conductor who could not hear his orchestra⑳—even if he is a musical genius
The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years.The theatre's musical director，Michael Umlauf，joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.For more than an hour，Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra，waving his arms wildly in the air，and madly turning the pages of his score[3]. The whole time，Umlauf stood quietly by his side，skillfully guiding the orchestra through the most amazing piece of music the world had ever known.
[3]句中的waving...和turning...是现在分词短语，在句中作伴随状语。
As the final，joyous note signalled the end of the symphony，the audience jumped to their feet，clapping，cheering and waving their hats.But Beethoven continued conducting，his head buried in the score.It was not until Caroline Unger，one of the singers，took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.[4]
[4]本句是一个强调句，强调until从句。
Later，Caroline remembered that Beethoven was not the only one who got a surprise.“The audience was shocked as well，”she said with a broad smile.“Most of them had no idea that he was deaf! The one person in the room who didn't hear the symphony—and never would—was the very man who composed it.”
译文参考
音乐天才
路德维希·凡·贝多芬是德国作曲家。他被公认为音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。20多岁时，他就以钢琴演奏技巧而闻名，但后来他开始失聪。贝多芬想过放弃，但最终他继续创作音乐。受到与耳聋斗争的启发，这位作曲家创作了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九首交响乐、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧！他继续创作，直到1827年去世，创作了130多部音乐作品，其中包括这首D小调第九交响曲。
1824年2月的一天，在他位于奥地利维也纳的小房子里，路德维希·凡·贝多芬坐在椅子上笑了。这位德国著名作曲家的第九交响曲终于完成了。写这首曲子花了好几年的时间，现在总谱上又加上了最后的注解。54岁时，他不知道这将是他最后一首交响乐。当他骄傲地在这一页的底部签上自己的名字时，贝多芬尽力想象当人们第一次听到这个名字时会有什么反应。
演出之前，维也纳一家非常著名的剧院的后台气氛很紧张。贝多芬担心这场演出会成为一场灾难。毕竟，一个听不见管弦乐队的指挥有什么用——即使他是个音乐天才？
当这位著名作曲家十二年来第一次走上舞台时，观众毫不犹豫地鼓掌欢呼。剧院音乐指挥迈克尔·奥姆洛夫也走上台和他一起指挥乐队。一个多小时以来，贝多芬在管弦乐队前跳来跳去，在空中疯狂地挥舞着双臂，疯狂地翻着乐谱。整个过程中，奥姆洛夫静静地站在他身边，熟练地指导乐队演奏世界上最美妙的音乐。
随着欢快的结尾音符标志着交响乐的结束，观众们激动地站起来，鼓掌，欢呼，挥舞着他们的帽子。但是贝多芬把头埋在乐谱里，继续指挥。直到其中一位歌唱家卡洛琳·昂格尔挽着他的胳膊，转过身去面对观众，这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐是成功的。
后来，卡洛琳想起贝多芬并不是唯一得到惊喜的人。“观众也很震惊，”她笑着说。“他们大多数人都不知道他耳聋了！房间里唯一一个听不到交响乐的人——永远也听不到——正是他创作了交响乐。”
速读P14－15教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．Beethoven began to lose his hearing in his thirties.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．Beethoven composed his ninth symphony in Germany.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Beethoven died when he was 57 years old.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Beethoven，Michael Umlauf and other two men took charge of the orchestra，and madly turning the pages of his score.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．The audience could hear the symphony except Beethoven.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1—5 BBABA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．Writing the piece had taken several years
B．guiding the orchestra
C．waving his arms wildly in the air
D．writing more than 130 musical works
E．including nine symphonies，five piano pieces，and an opera
1．Inspired by his struggles with deafness，the composer produced some amazing pieces，________！
2．He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827，______，including his Symphony No.9 in D minor.
3．________，and now the final notes had been added to the score.
4．For more than an hour，Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra，________．
5．The whole time，Umlauf stood quietly by his side，skillfully________through the most amazing piece of music the world had ever known.
[答案] 1—5 EDACB
Ⅲ.表格填空
Beethoven
General introduction
Beethoven was born in 1.Germany．He was remembered as a great 2.composer in the history of music.
★His problem: In his 3.twenties, he lost his hearing.
★His achievements: In all his lifetime, he wrote 4.more than 130 musical works, including his Symphony No.9 in D minor.
The performance of his last symphony
★Before：The 5.backstage atmosphere was tense.Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a 6.failure/disaster because he couldn't hear his orchestra.
★During: The orchestra was in the 7.charge of Michael Umlauf and Beethoven.For over an hour, Beethoven jumped, 8.waved his arms wildly and
madly turned the pages of his score.Umlauf stood 9.quietly by his side, skillfully guiding the orchestra.
★In the end: The audience jumped to their feet, clapping, 10.cheering and waving their hats happily.Beethoven's symphony turned out to be a success.
细读P14－15教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para. 1 A．After the first performance
2．Para. 2 B．During the first performance
3．Para. 3 C．Before the first performance
4．Para. 4 D．Composing of Symphony No.9
5．Para. 5 E．General introduction of
Beethoven
6．Para. 6 F．Final thought：a musical genius
in a silent world
[答案] 1－6 EDCBAF
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．According to the passage，which one is NOT true?
A．Beethoven was a German composer.
B．In his twenties，he began to lose his hearing.
C．Beethoven composed nine symphonies before he lost his hearing.
D．Beethoven produced an opera after he lost his hearing.
2．Where did Beethoven finish his ninth symphony?
A．In Germany. B．In Austria.
C．In a theatre. D．In his big house.
3．How old was Beethoven when he died in 1827?
A．54. B．57.
C．84. D．65.
4．Beethoven took charge of the orchestra with ．
A．Caroline B．two men
C．Umlauf D．not mentioned
[答案] 1－4 CBBC
Ⅲ.读后续写/概要写作微技能
A．阅读课文中含有描述个人身份的语句。
1．Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer.
2．The theatre's musical director，Michael Umlauf，joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.
3．It was not until Caroline Unger，one of the singers，took his arm and turned him to face the audience...
B．判断下列语句中哪些不是描述个人身份的语句。
1．In his twenties，he had been very famous for his skills on the piano.
2．At his little house in Vienna，Austria，Ludwig van Beethoven sat back in his chair and smiled.
3．Caroline remembered that Beethoven was not the only one who got a surprise.
[答案] 1，2，3
1．refer v．提到；谈到→reference n．提及；参考；查阅
2．conduct v．执行，引导→conductor n．指挥
3．compose vt.作(曲)；构成；写作→composer n．作曲家
4．respond vi.&vt.回应，回复→response n．回答；回应
5．hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇→hesitation n．犹豫
1．refer to查阅，参考；涉及，关于；提到，把……委托给，指的是；提交
①Don't refer to that matter again，please. 提到
②If you want to know his telephone number，you may refer to the telephone directory. 查阅
③I was not referring to her when I said so. 指的是
④The case referred to has been presented to the supreme law court.
相关
⑤The special patient was referred to a specialist for treatment.
把……委托给
2．charge n．&v.主管；充电；控告；要价，收费
①Ben will take charge of the company after his father retires. 主管
②The restaurant charged me 10 dollars for the lunch. 要价
③The young man was charged with stealing. 控告
④The battery must be charged before use. 充电
Words and Phrases
refer to提到；指；涉及；提及；适用；称作；移交
(教材P13)Logical relationships usually refer to the inner relationships between/among things，like between causes and effects.
逻辑关系通常指事物间的内在关系，如因果关系。
[例1] Please refer to the righthand column of page 200 of this dictionary.
请参看这本词典第二百页右面一栏。
[例2] That remark does not refer to her.
那句话不是指的她。
[造句] 研究这个例子并参考下面的解释。
Study the example and refer to the explanation below.
[知识拓展]
(1)refer sb./sth.to sb./sth. 将……送交给……(以求获得帮助
等)；归功于/归咎于
refer to...as... 把……称作……
(2)reference n. 提到；参考；查阅；查询
reference books 参考书
make reference to 提及
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My doctor referred me to a specialist.
②This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep.
③There is no direct reference(refer) to her own childhood in the novel.
regard vt.认为；看作
(教材P14)He is regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music.
他被公认为音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。
[例1] She is widely regarded as the current leader's natural successor.
人们普遍认为她自然是现任领导的接班人。
[例2] Now we still regard him as a good friend of ours.
现在我们仍把他看作我们的好朋友之一。
[造句] 我认为创造力既是一种天赋也是一种技巧。
I regard creativity both as a gift and as a skill.
[知识拓展]
(1)in/with regard to... 关于……
as regards 关于，至于
in this regard 关于此事，在这方面
regard...as... 认为……是……
(2)regarding prep. 关于；至于
(3)regardless of 不管，不顾
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In regard to his work，we have no complaints.
②The Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.
③I have no advice for you regarding(regard) that problem.
give up放弃
(教材P14)Beethoven thought about giving up，but in the end he continued to write music.
贝多芬想过放弃，但最终他继续创作音乐。
[例1] She gave up her job to join her husband's campaign.
她辞去工作，加入到丈夫的宣传活动中。
[例2] You are here at last！We had given you up.
你终于来了！我们都以为你不来了呢。
[造句] 到现在，我设法戒烟已快两年了。
I've been trying to give up smoking for two years now.
[知识拓展]
give in 投降，让步
give away 分发；泄露；赠送
give back 归还
give out 分发，散发
give off 放出，发出
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He gave away all his money to the poor.
②After a month their food supplies gave out．
③The enemy were at last forced to give in．
struggle n．斗争；拼搏；努力v.奋斗；抗争；挣扎
(教材P14)Inspired by his struggles with deafness，the composer produced some amazing pieces，including nine symphonies...
受到与耳聋斗争的启发，这位作曲家创作了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九首交响乐……
[例1] I could see the young boy struggling to free himself.
我看到小男孩正在奋力挣脱。
[例2] The company is struggling to find buyers for its new product.
该公司正竭力为其新产品寻找买主。
[造句] 他同癌症抗争了两年。
He struggled against cancer for two years.
[知识拓展]
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle against/with 同……作斗争
struggle for 为……而奋斗
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He is struggling to support(support) his family alone.
②James struggled against/with burglars and frightened them away.
③Millions of people are struggling for life with high prices.
respond vi.反应；回复；回答
(教材P14)...Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
……贝多芬尽力想象当人们第一次听到这个名字时会有什么反应。
[例1] How did they respond to the news?
他们对这则消息有什么反应？
[例2] I greeted him but he didn't respond.
我跟他打招呼，但他没搭理我。
[造句] 你有几种方法可以回答这些无礼的问题。
You have several ways to respond to these rude questions.
[知识拓展]
(1)respond to 回答；对……作出反应；(对治疗
等)有良好反应
(2)response n. 回答，答复；反应，响应
in response to 作为……的回应
make response to 对……作出回答
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The patient did not respond to treatment.
②She made no response to my letter.
③He always takes the lead in response(respond) to the government's call.
hesitate v．犹豫；迟疑；踌躇
(教材P15)The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years.
当这位著名作曲家十二年来第一次走上舞台时，观众毫不犹豫地鼓掌欢呼。
[例1] I didn't hesitate for a moment about taking the job.
我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。
[例2] Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.
如果有疑问请尽管和我联系。
[造句] 她犹豫了很长时间，然后才说“行”。
She hesitated for a long time and then she said “Yes”．
[知识拓展]
(1)hesitate about/in/over/at... 对……犹豫不决
hesitate to do sth. 迟疑于做某事
(2)hesitation n. 犹豫，踌躇
without hesitation 毫不迟疑
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He did not hesitate for a minute to save(save) the drowning child.
②I hesitated about taking (take) his side until I knew the whole story.
③Therefore I recommend myself to you without hesitation.
④I hesitate to spend(spend) so much money on clothes.
charge vt.收费，要价；指控n.负责；主管
(教材P15)The theatre's musical director，Michael Umlauf，joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.
剧院音乐指挥迈克尔·奥姆洛夫也走上台和他一起指挥乐队。
[例1] She is in charge of the daytoday running of the business.
她负责掌管日常业务。
[例2] What did they charge for the repairs?
他们收了多少修理费？
[造句] 有数人被捕，但均未受到指控。
Several people were arrested but nobody was charged.
[知识拓展]
charge sb.money for (doing) sth.
因(做)某事而收某人的钱
charge sb.with sth.＝accuse sb.of sth.
因……指控某人
in charge of 负责，掌管某事
in the charge of... 被人负责，掌管
take charge of 接管，控制
free of charge 免费的(地)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①John will take charge of the next meeting.
②The job is in the charge of an experienced mechanic.
③Recently some officials have been charged with a lot of crimes.
[小片段助记]
The man was charged with abusing his power when he was in charge of the company.He sent the products to the villagers free of charge.
represent vt.代表；表现；描绘
(教材P105)Simple movements in Beijing Opera often represent more complex actions，like riding a horse or rowing a boat.
京剧中简单的动作往往代表更复杂的动作，如骑马或划船。
[例1] The president was represented at the ceremony by the vicepresident.
副总统代表总统出席了这次庆典。
[例2] This is why I prefer to find a way to represent them，not to tell them.
这就是我为什么不说这些事情，而是通过另一种方式来表现它们。
[造句] 这些雕刻作品描绘了一幅狩猎的场面。
The carvings represent a hunting scene.
[知识拓展]
(1)represent...as... 把……描绘成……
represent sb.to be/as 宣称某人为/是……
represent sth.to sb. 向某人说明某事，向某人传达某事
(2)representative n. 代表；代表他人者
adj. 典型的，有代表性的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This kind of medical treatment represents(represent) a significant advance in the field of cancer research.
②He represented himself as a philosopher.
③I couldn't be present myself，but I had sent my representative(represent) to the meeting.
Sentence Patterns
wish从句虚拟语气
(教材P13) I wish I knew more about them.
我希望我更多的了解它们。
[句式分析]
[例1] I wish I weren't leaving my son.
我希望我没离开我儿子。
[例2] —Beautiful day，isn't it?
—Yes，I wish we could go to the seaside today.
——天气真好，不是吗？
——是的，我真希望我们今天能到海边。
[造句] 我希望我长得更漂亮些。
I wish I were more beautiful.
[知识拓展]
(1)对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望：主语＋wish＋从句主语＋would(could，might)＋动词原形；
(2)表示与现在事实相反的愿望：主语＋wish(that)＋从句主语＋动词过去式；
(3)对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时：主语＋wish(that)＋从句主语＋would/could have/had＋过去分词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I wish I knew(know) his address.
②I wish you had come(come) to my birthday party yesterday.
独立主格结构
(教材P15) But Beethoven continued conducting，his head buried in the score．
但是贝多芬把头埋在乐谱里，继续指挥。
[句式分析]
在本句中，“his head buried in the score”是独立主格结构，用作伴随状语，转换成句子应为“and his head was buried in the score”。
[例1] The task well finished，we were given a prize.
任务圆满完成，我们被嘉奖。
[例2] He came into the classroom，book in hand.
他手里拿着书走进教室。
[造句] 老人坐在椅子上，闭着眼睛。
The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed．
[知识拓展]
动词ing形式作状语时，有时也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。独立主格结构通常由“名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语”构成。现在分词表示主动意义；过去分词表示被动意义或动作已完成；不定式表示尚未发生或将要发生的动作。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Time permitting(permit)，we can wander around the park.
②The trees are extremely tall，some measuring(measure) over 90 metres.
③The problem solved(solve)，the governor felt relaxed.
④So much baggage to carry(carry), I had to take a taxi.
until的强调句式
(教材P15)It was not until Caroline Unger，one of the singers，took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.
直到其中一位歌唱家卡洛琳·昂格尔挽着他的胳膊，转过身去面对观众，这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐是成功的。
[句式分析]
本句是一个“It＋be＋强调部分＋that...”结构的强调句，强调until从句。
[例1] It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
直到他妻子回来他才睡觉。
[例2] It was not until I saw Margaret next morning，however，that I felt happy.
直到我第二天早晨见到玛格丽特，我才感到高兴。
[造句] 直到老师告诉他，他才意识到自己的错误。
It was not until the teacher told him that he realised his mistake.
[知识拓展]
(1)强调句中对until从句进行强调，not一并提前。
(2) 当not until位于句首时，句子要倒装。其结构为：Not until＋从句/表时间的词＋助动词＋(主句)主语＋谓语＋其他。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Not until the teacher came in did (do) the students stop talking.
②It was not until his wife left that he came.
教材
高考
1.He is regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music.
(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响) travel to undisturbed places.
2.Inspired by his struggles with deafness, the composer produced some amazing pieces...
(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet.
3.The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years.
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won't hesitate to open them and walk through.
4.Simple movements in Beijing Opera often represent more complex actions, like riding a horse or rowing a boat.
(2020·江苏卷)For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country's past—ageold castles, splendid homes...
and red phone boxes.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It was not until the rain stopped that they started.
2．How I wish I had been(be) able to say the rules without a mistake at that time.
3．My assistant will be in charge of the department in my absence.
4．To my great delight，she gave it to me without any hesitation(hesitate)．
5．We waved to him but there was no response(respond)．
6．The workers struggled for better pay and better conditions.
7．Health should be regarded as the treasure of society.
8．He named one of us his representative(represent) at the meeting.
9．He usually refers to me for information about the thief.
10．The mother gave in and bought a toy for her daughter.
Ⅱ.短语填空
refer to；respond to；give up；take charge of；hesitate to do；after all；as well
1. After all he is still a schoolboy.
2．Don't hesitate to make comments or suggestions if you have any.
3．China is a socialist country，and a developing country as well．
4．She responded to my letter with a phone call.
5．He gave up his studies and went on the stage.
6．The teacher referred to in my last letter has gone abroad.
7．A few years ago Bacryl took charge of the company.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Beethoven was regarded as one of the 1.greatest(great) composers in the history of music.In his 2.twenties(twenty)，he began to lose his hearing，but he didn't give up and produced some 3.amazing(amaze) pieces，4.including(include) nine symphonies.5.Before the performance, Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a disaster.
The audience had no 6.hesitation(hesitate) to applaud as Beethoven walked out onto the stage.He and Michael Umlauf took charge of the orchestra.For more than an hour，he waved his arms 7.wildly(wild)and madly turned the pages of his score.As the joyous note signalled the end of the symphony，all the audience jumped to their feet.But Beethoven continued conducting 8.until Caroline Unger took his arm and 9.turned(turn) him to face the audience.Caroline said most of the audience had no idea 10.that Beethoven was deaf.Only Beethoven who composed it couldn't hear the symphony.
构词法
[观察例句]
1．We will try our best to better our living conditions.
2．Thousands of Victorian workers joined educational associations in an attempt to better themselves.
3．At the time，what he'd done had seemed reasonable.
4．Was there a difference of opinion over what to do with the Nobel Prize money?
5．You can't tell if it's a man or a woman from handwriting.
[归纳用法]
一、转化法
英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1．动词转化为名词
①很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化。如：
Let's go out for a walk.
我们到外面去散散步吧。
②有时意思有一定变化，如：
He is a man of strong build.
他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作，如：
Let's have a swim.
咱们游泳吧。
2．名词转化为动词
①很多表示事物，如：
Did you book a seat on the plane?
你订好飞机座位了吗？
②身体部位，如：
Please hand me the book.
请把那本书递给我。
③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作。如：
She nursed her husband back to health.
她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
④某些抽象名词也可作动词。如：
We lunched together.
我们在一起吃了午餐。
3．形容词转化为动词
有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如：
The work he produced early in his career has never really been bettered.
他后来没出过什么作品能真正比得上他的早期作品。
4．副词转化为动词
有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如：
Murder will out.
(谚语)恶事终必将败露。
5．形容词转化为名词
①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词，如：
You should be dressed in black at the funeral.
你在葬礼上该穿黑色衣服。
②某些形容词如：old，young，poor，rich，wounded，injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数，如：
The old in our village are living a happy life.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In fact，it must have a hard struggle to get its freedom (free) from the cocoon.
②Lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years and is known for tasty (taste) beef，soup and noodles.
二、截短法(缩略法)
截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
1．截头
telephone→phone
aeroplane→plane
omnibus→bus
2．去尾
mathematics→maths
cooperate→coop
examination→exam
3．截头去尾
influenza→flu
refrigerator→fridge
prescription→script
三、混合法(混成法)
混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。
news broadcast→newscast新闻广播
television broadcast→telecast电视播送
smoke and fog→smog烟雾
helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场
四、首尾字母缩略法
首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。
very important person→VIP (读字母音)贵宾；大人物
television→TV (读字母音)电视
Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL(读单词音)托福
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The soldier died for saving the child，so his death(die) is heavier than Mount Tai.
2．To everyone's satisfaction(satisfy)，the girl finished the job quite well.
3．No one should enter the spot without the permission(permit) of the police.
4．The Great Wall is more than 6，000 kilometers in length(long)．
5．The black people were against slavery and fought for their freedom(free) bravely.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Last Saturday，I practised my 1.spoken(speak) English in my 2.reading(read) room.I once thought English was hard and I couldn't learn it well by 3.myself(me)．So I spared no effort to improve my English every day.Now I am well content with my 4.achievement(achieve) in English.After 5.a while，I was 6.exhausted(exhaust) and went to the garden.It was 7.sunny(sun)．I 8.watered(water) flowers in it and 9.breathed (breath) the fresh air，feeling 10.relaxed(relax)．
Unit 7 Art
Ⅰ.匹配词义
A．单词匹配
( )1.master A．n.奋斗 vi.奋斗，拼搏
( )2.pattern B．adj.(音乐)小调的；小的；不很
重要的
( )3.complex C．vt.标志着；预示 n．标识
( )4.aspect D．n.图案；花样，式样
( )5.struggle E．vt.掌握，精通 n．大师；主人
( )6.charge F．adv.否则；要不然
( )7.signal G．n.方面
( )8.broad H．adj.复杂的
( )9.minor I．adj.宽阔的；广博的
( )10.otherwise J．n.主管；负责
[答案] 1—5 EDHGA 6—10 JCIBF
B．短语匹配
( )1.refer to A．毫不犹豫做某事，尽管做某事
( )2.be regarded as B．放弃
( )3.not hesitate to do sth.
C．提到
( )4.broad smile D．被认为，被看作
( )5.give up E．满面的笑容
[答案] 1—5 CDAEB
Ⅱ.默写单词
1．perform vi.&vt. 表演；演出
2．emotion n. 情感
3．complex adj. 复杂的
4．proceed vi. 继续；进行
5．genius n. 天才
6．compose vt. 作(曲)；构成；写作
7．respond vi.&vt. 回应，回复
8．conductor n. 指挥
9．joyous adj. 欢乐的，令人愉快的
10．backstage adj. 后台的；(在)幕后(的)
Ⅰ.语境填词
signal；regard；complex；emotion；charge；aspect；master；tense；pattern；broad
1．They expressed mixed emotions at the news.
2．French was a language he had never mastered．
3．The shirts were printed with a paisley pattern．
4．I spent a few tense weeks waiting for the results of the test.
5．This project involves a lot of complex technical problems.
6．She felt she had looked at the problem from every aspect．
7．He is regarded as the most successful writer of modern times.
8．His shoulders were broad and his waist narrow.
9．This announcement signalled a clear change of policy.
10．He took charge of the farm after his father's death.
Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词
1．She made no reference(refer) to her illness but only to her future plans.
2．They made an emotional (emotion) appeal for help.
3．The committee includes representatives(represent) from industry.
4．Beethoven's music inspired me to be a composer(compose)．
5．I received an encouraging response(respond) to my advertisement.
6．Who is the conductor(conduct) of tonight's concert?
7．The great majority of players would，of course，sign the contract without hesitation(hesitate)．
1．In his twenties，he had been very famous for his skills on the piano，but then he began to lose his hearing.
20多岁时，他就以钢琴演奏技巧而闻名，但后来他开始失聪。
2．Inspired by his struggles with deafness，the composer produced some amazing pieces，including nine symphonies，five piano pieces，and an opera!
受到与耳聋斗争的启发，这位作曲家创作了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九首交响乐、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧！
3．As he proudly signed his name at the bottom of the page，Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
当他骄傲地在这一页的底部签上自己的名字时，贝多芬尽力想象当人们第一次听到这个名字时会有什么反应。
4．For more than an hour，Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra，waving his arms wildly in the air，and madly turning the pages of his score.
一个多小时以来，贝多芬在管弦乐队前跳来跳去，在空中疯狂地挥舞着双臂，疯狂地翻着乐谱。
5．It was not until Caroline Unger，one of the singers，took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.
直到其中一位歌唱家卡洛琳·昂格尔挽着他的胳膊，转过身去面对观众，这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐是成功的。
名师圈点
①composer n．作曲家
compose vt.作(曲)；构成；写作
②be regarded as被认为，被看作
③in one's twenties在某人二十多岁时
④be famous for因……而出名
⑤give up放弃
⑥struggle n．奋斗 vi.奋斗，拼搏
⑦including v．包含；包括
⑧symphony n．交响乐
⑨musical adj.音乐的
⑩work n．著作
⑪Vienna维也纳，位于多瑙河畔，奥地利首都及最大城市，是欧洲主要的文化中心，被誉为“世界音乐之都”。
⑫add...to...增添……到……
⑬sign vt.签字；署名
⑭respond vi.& vt. 回应，回复
response n．反应；回应
⑮backstage adj.后台的；(在)幕后(的)
⑯atmosphere n．气氛；氛围
⑰tense adj.紧张的；焦虑不安的
⑱disaster n．灾难
⑲after all毕竟
in all总共；总计
above all最重要的是
⑳orchestra n．(大型的)管弦乐队
genius n．天才
not hesitate to do sth.毫不犹豫地做某事
director n．指挥
take charge of主管；负责
skillfully adv.熟练地
joyous adj.欢乐的，令人愉快的
signal vt.标志着；预示n.标识
surprise n．令人吃惊的事/物
as well也；还
原文呈现
A MUSICAL GENIUS
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer①.He is regarded as② one of the greatest composers in the history of music.In his twenties③，he had been very famous for④ his skills on the piano，but then he began to lose his hearing.Beethoven thought about giving up⑤，but in the end he continued to write music.Inspired by his struggles⑥ with deafness，the composer produced some amazing pieces，including⑦ nine symphonies⑧，five piano pieces，and an opera! He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827，writing more than 130 musical⑨works⑩，including his Symphony No.9 in D minor[1]．
[1]writing...是现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。
One day in February 1824，at his little house in Vienna⑪，Austria，Ludwig van Beethoven sat back in his chair and smiled.The famous German composer's ninth symphony was finally completed.Writing the piece had taken several years，and now the final notes had been added to⑫ the score.[2] At 54 years of age，he didn't know that this would be his last symphony.As he proudly signed⑬ his name at the bottom of the page，Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond⑭ when they heard it for the first time.
[2]Writing the piece是动名词短语，在句中作主语。
Before the performance，the backstage⑮ atmosphere⑯at a very famous theatre in Vienna was tense⑰.Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a disaster⑱.After all⑲，what use is a conductor who could not hear his orchestra⑳—even if he is a musical genius
The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years.The theatre's musical director，Michael Umlauf，joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.For more than an hour，Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra，waving his arms wildly in the air，and madly turning the pages of his score[3]. The whole time，Umlauf stood quietly by his side，skillfully guiding the orchestra through the most amazing piece of music the world had ever known.
[3]句中的waving...和turning...是现在分词短语，在句中作伴随状语。
As the final，joyous note signalled the end of the symphony，the audience jumped to their feet，clapping，cheering and waving their hats.But Beethoven continued conducting，his head buried in the score.It was not until Caroline Unger，one of the singers，took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.[4]
[4]本句是一个强调句，强调until从句。
Later，Caroline remembered that Beethoven was not the only one who got a surprise.“The audience was shocked as well，”she said with a broad smile.“Most of them had no idea that he was deaf! The one person in the room who didn't hear the symphony—and never would—was the very man who composed it.”
译文参考
音乐天才
路德维希·凡·贝多芬是德国作曲家。他被公认为音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。20多岁时，他就以钢琴演奏技巧而闻名，但后来他开始失聪。贝多芬想过放弃，但最终他继续创作音乐。受到与耳聋斗争的启发，这位作曲家创作了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九首交响乐、五首钢琴曲和一部歌剧！他继续创作，直到1827年去世，创作了130多部音乐作品，其中包括这首D小调第九交响曲。
1824年2月的一天，在他位于奥地利维也纳的小房子里，路德维希·凡·贝多芬坐在椅子上笑了。这位德国著名作曲家的第九交响曲终于完成了。写这首曲子花了好几年的时间，现在总谱上又加上了最后的注解。54岁时，他不知道这将是他最后一首交响乐。当他骄傲地在这一页的底部签上自己的名字时，贝多芬尽力想象当人们第一次听到这个名字时会有什么反应。
演出之前，维也纳一家非常著名的剧院的后台气氛很紧张。贝多芬担心这场演出会成为一场灾难。毕竟，一个听不见管弦乐队的指挥有什么用——即使他是个音乐天才？
当这位著名作曲家十二年来第一次走上舞台时，观众毫不犹豫地鼓掌欢呼。剧院音乐指挥迈克尔·奥姆洛夫也走上台和他一起指挥乐队。一个多小时以来，贝多芬在管弦乐队前跳来跳去，在空中疯狂地挥舞着双臂，疯狂地翻着乐谱。整个过程中，奥姆洛夫静静地站在他身边，熟练地指导乐队演奏世界上最美妙的音乐。
随着欢快的结尾音符标志着交响乐的结束，观众们激动地站起来，鼓掌，欢呼，挥舞着他们的帽子。但是贝多芬把头埋在乐谱里，继续指挥。直到其中一位歌唱家卡洛琳·昂格尔挽着他的胳膊，转过身去面对观众，这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐是成功的。
后来，卡洛琳想起贝多芬并不是唯一得到惊喜的人。“观众也很震惊，”她笑着说。“他们大多数人都不知道他耳聋了！房间里唯一一个听不到交响乐的人——永远也听不到——正是他创作了交响乐。”
速读P14－15教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.阅读判断
判断下列句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1．Beethoven began to lose his hearing in his thirties.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
2．Beethoven composed his ninth symphony in Germany.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Beethoven died when he was 57 years old.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．Beethoven，Michael Umlauf and other two men took charge of the orchestra，and madly turning the pages of his score.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．The audience could hear the symphony except Beethoven.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案] 1—5 BBABA
Ⅱ.补全信息
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息。
A．Writing the piece had taken several years
B．guiding the orchestra
C．waving his arms wildly in the air
D．writing more than 130 musical works
E．including nine symphonies，five piano pieces，and an opera
1．Inspired by his struggles with deafness，the composer produced some amazing pieces，________！
2．He proceeded with the composition until his death in 1827，______，including his Symphony No.9 in D minor.
3．________，and now the final notes had been added to the score.
4．For more than an hour，Beethoven jumped about in front of the orchestra，________．
5．The whole time，Umlauf stood quietly by his side，skillfully________through the most amazing piece of music the world had ever known.
[答案] 1—5 EDACB
Ⅲ.表格填空
Beethoven
General introduction
Beethoven was born in 1.Germany．He was remembered as a great 2.composer in the history of music.
★His problem: In his 3.twenties, he lost his hearing.
★His achievements: In all his lifetime, he wrote 4.more than 130 musical works, including his Symphony No.9 in D minor.
The performance of his last symphony
★Before：The 5.backstage atmosphere was tense.Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a 6.failure/disaster because he couldn't hear his orchestra.
★During: The orchestra was in the 7.charge of Michael Umlauf and Beethoven.For over an hour, Beethoven jumped, 8.waved his arms wildly and
madly turned the pages of his score.Umlauf stood 9.quietly by his side, skillfully guiding the orchestra.
★In the end: The audience jumped to their feet, clapping, 10.cheering and waving their hats happily.Beethoven's symphony turned out to be a success.
细读P14－15教材课文，完成下列任务
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Para. 1 A．After the first performance
2．Para. 2 B．During the first performance
3．Para. 3 C．Before the first performance
4．Para. 4 D．Composing of Symphony No.9
5．Para. 5 E．General introduction of
Beethoven
6．Para. 6 F．Final thought：a musical genius
in a silent world
[答案] 1－6 EDCBAF
Ⅱ.单项选择
1．According to the passage，which one is NOT true?
A．Beethoven was a German composer.
B．In his twenties，he began to lose his hearing.
C．Beethoven composed nine symphonies before he lost his hearing.
D．Beethoven produced an opera after he lost his hearing.
2．Where did Beethoven finish his ninth symphony?
A．In Germany. B．In Austria.
C．In a theatre. D．In his big house.
3．How old was Beethoven when he died in 1827?
A．54. B．57.
C．84. D．65.
4．Beethoven took charge of the orchestra with ．
A．Caroline B．two men
C．Umlauf D．not mentioned
[答案] 1－4 CBBC
Ⅲ.读后续写/概要写作微技能
A．阅读课文中含有描述个人身份的语句。
1．Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer.
2．The theatre's musical director，Michael Umlauf，joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.
3．It was not until Caroline Unger，one of the singers，took his arm and turned him to face the audience...
B．判断下列语句中哪些不是描述个人身份的语句。
1．In his twenties，he had been very famous for his skills on the piano.
2．At his little house in Vienna，Austria，Ludwig van Beethoven sat back in his chair and smiled.
3．Caroline remembered that Beethoven was not the only one who got a surprise.
[答案] 1，2，3
1．refer v．提到；谈到→reference n．提及；参考；查阅
2．conduct v．执行，引导→conductor n．指挥
3．compose vt.作(曲)；构成；写作→composer n．作曲家
4．respond vi.&vt.回应，回复→response n．回答；回应
5．hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇→hesitation n．犹豫
1．refer to查阅，参考；涉及，关于；提到，把……委托给，指的是；提交
①Don't refer to that matter again，please. 提到
②If you want to know his telephone number，you may refer to the telephone directory. 查阅
③I was not referring to her when I said so. 指的是
④The case referred to has been presented to the supreme law court.
相关
⑤The special patient was referred to a specialist for treatment.
把……委托给
2．charge n．&v.主管；充电；控告；要价，收费
①Ben will take charge of the company after his father retires. 主管
②The restaurant charged me 10 dollars for the lunch. 要价
③The young man was charged with stealing. 控告
④The battery must be charged before use. 充电
Words and Phrases
refer to提到；指；涉及；提及；适用；称作；移交
(教材P13)Logical relationships usually refer to the inner relationships between/among things，like between causes and effects.
逻辑关系通常指事物间的内在关系，如因果关系。
[例1] Please refer to the righthand column of page 200 of this dictionary.
请参看这本词典第二百页右面一栏。
[例2] That remark does not refer to her.
那句话不是指的她。
[造句] 研究这个例子并参考下面的解释。
Study the example and refer to the explanation below.
[知识拓展]
(1)refer sb./sth.to sb./sth. 将……送交给……(以求获得帮助
等)；归功于/归咎于
refer to...as... 把……称作……
(2)reference n. 提到；参考；查阅；查询
reference books 参考书
make reference to 提及
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①My doctor referred me to a specialist.
②This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep.
③There is no direct reference(refer) to her own childhood in the novel.
regard vt.认为；看作
(教材P14)He is regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music.
他被公认为音乐史上最伟大的作曲家之一。
[例1] She is widely regarded as the current leader's natural successor.
人们普遍认为她自然是现任领导的接班人。
[例2] Now we still regard him as a good friend of ours.
现在我们仍把他看作我们的好朋友之一。
[造句] 我认为创造力既是一种天赋也是一种技巧。
I regard creativity both as a gift and as a skill.
[知识拓展]
(1)in/with regard to... 关于……
as regards 关于，至于
in this regard 关于此事，在这方面
regard...as... 认为……是……
(2)regarding prep. 关于；至于
(3)regardless of 不管，不顾
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In regard to his work，we have no complaints.
②The Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.
③I have no advice for you regarding(regard) that problem.
give up放弃
(教材P14)Beethoven thought about giving up，but in the end he continued to write music.
贝多芬想过放弃，但最终他继续创作音乐。
[例1] She gave up her job to join her husband's campaign.
她辞去工作，加入到丈夫的宣传活动中。
[例2] You are here at last！We had given you up.
你终于来了！我们都以为你不来了呢。
[造句] 到现在，我设法戒烟已快两年了。
I've been trying to give up smoking for two years now.
[知识拓展]
give in 投降，让步
give away 分发；泄露；赠送
give back 归还
give out 分发，散发
give off 放出，发出
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He gave away all his money to the poor.
②After a month their food supplies gave out．
③The enemy were at last forced to give in．
struggle n．斗争；拼搏；努力v.奋斗；抗争；挣扎
(教材P14)Inspired by his struggles with deafness，the composer produced some amazing pieces，including nine symphonies...
受到与耳聋斗争的启发，这位作曲家创作了一些令人惊叹的作品，包括九首交响乐……
[例1] I could see the young boy struggling to free himself.
我看到小男孩正在奋力挣脱。
[例2] The company is struggling to find buyers for its new product.
该公司正竭力为其新产品寻找买主。
[造句] 他同癌症抗争了两年。
He struggled against cancer for two years.
[知识拓展]
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle against/with 同……作斗争
struggle for 为……而奋斗
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He is struggling to support(support) his family alone.
②James struggled against/with burglars and frightened them away.
③Millions of people are struggling for life with high prices.
respond vi.反应；回复；回答
(教材P14)...Beethoven tried to imagine how people would respond when they heard it for the first time.
……贝多芬尽力想象当人们第一次听到这个名字时会有什么反应。
[例1] How did they respond to the news?
他们对这则消息有什么反应？
[例2] I greeted him but he didn't respond.
我跟他打招呼，但他没搭理我。
[造句] 你有几种方法可以回答这些无礼的问题。
You have several ways to respond to these rude questions.
[知识拓展]
(1)respond to 回答；对……作出反应；(对治疗
等)有良好反应
(2)response n. 回答，答复；反应，响应
in response to 作为……的回应
make response to 对……作出回答
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The patient did not respond to treatment.
②She made no response to my letter.
③He always takes the lead in response(respond) to the government's call.
hesitate v．犹豫；迟疑；踌躇
(教材P15)The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years.
当这位著名作曲家十二年来第一次走上舞台时，观众毫不犹豫地鼓掌欢呼。
[例1] I didn't hesitate for a moment about taking the job.
我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。
[例2] Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.
如果有疑问请尽管和我联系。
[造句] 她犹豫了很长时间，然后才说“行”。
She hesitated for a long time and then she said “Yes”．
[知识拓展]
(1)hesitate about/in/over/at... 对……犹豫不决
hesitate to do sth. 迟疑于做某事
(2)hesitation n. 犹豫，踌躇
without hesitation 毫不迟疑
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He did not hesitate for a minute to save(save) the drowning child.
②I hesitated about taking (take) his side until I knew the whole story.
③Therefore I recommend myself to you without hesitation.
④I hesitate to spend(spend) so much money on clothes.
charge vt.收费，要价；指控n.负责；主管
(教材P15)The theatre's musical director，Michael Umlauf，joined him and together the two men took charge of the orchestra.
剧院音乐指挥迈克尔·奥姆洛夫也走上台和他一起指挥乐队。
[例1] She is in charge of the daytoday running of the business.
她负责掌管日常业务。
[例2] What did they charge for the repairs?
他们收了多少修理费？
[造句] 有数人被捕，但均未受到指控。
Several people were arrested but nobody was charged.
[知识拓展]
charge sb.money for (doing) sth.
因(做)某事而收某人的钱
charge sb.with sth.＝accuse sb.of sth.
因……指控某人
in charge of 负责，掌管某事
in the charge of... 被人负责，掌管
take charge of 接管，控制
free of charge 免费的(地)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①John will take charge of the next meeting.
②The job is in the charge of an experienced mechanic.
③Recently some officials have been charged with a lot of crimes.
[小片段助记]
The man was charged with abusing his power when he was in charge of the company.He sent the products to the villagers free of charge.
represent vt.代表；表现；描绘
(教材P105)Simple movements in Beijing Opera often represent more complex actions，like riding a horse or rowing a boat.
京剧中简单的动作往往代表更复杂的动作，如骑马或划船。
[例1] The president was represented at the ceremony by the vicepresident.
副总统代表总统出席了这次庆典。
[例2] This is why I prefer to find a way to represent them，not to tell them.
这就是我为什么不说这些事情，而是通过另一种方式来表现它们。
[造句] 这些雕刻作品描绘了一幅狩猎的场面。
The carvings represent a hunting scene.
[知识拓展]
(1)represent...as... 把……描绘成……
represent sb.to be/as 宣称某人为/是……
represent sth.to sb. 向某人说明某事，向某人传达某事
(2)representative n. 代表；代表他人者
adj. 典型的，有代表性的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①This kind of medical treatment represents(represent) a significant advance in the field of cancer research.
②He represented himself as a philosopher.
③I couldn't be present myself，but I had sent my representative(represent) to the meeting.
Sentence Patterns
wish从句虚拟语气
(教材P13) I wish I knew more about them.
我希望我更多的了解它们。
[句式分析]
[例1] I wish I weren't leaving my son.
我希望我没离开我儿子。
[例2] —Beautiful day，isn't it?
—Yes，I wish we could go to the seaside today.
——天气真好，不是吗？
——是的，我真希望我们今天能到海边。
[造句] 我希望我长得更漂亮些。
I wish I were more beautiful.
[知识拓展]
(1)对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望：主语＋wish＋从句主语＋would(could，might)＋动词原形；
(2)表示与现在事实相反的愿望：主语＋wish(that)＋从句主语＋动词过去式；
(3)对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时：主语＋wish(that)＋从句主语＋would/could have/had＋过去分词。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I wish I knew(know) his address.
②I wish you had come(come) to my birthday party yesterday.
独立主格结构
(教材P15) But Beethoven continued conducting，his head buried in the score．
但是贝多芬把头埋在乐谱里，继续指挥。
[句式分析]
在本句中，“his head buried in the score”是独立主格结构，用作伴随状语，转换成句子应为“and his head was buried in the score”。
[例1] The task well finished，we were given a prize.
任务圆满完成，我们被嘉奖。
[例2] He came into the classroom，book in hand.
他手里拿着书走进教室。
[造句] 老人坐在椅子上，闭着眼睛。
The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed．
[知识拓展]
动词ing形式作状语时，有时也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。独立主格结构通常由“名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语”构成。现在分词表示主动意义；过去分词表示被动意义或动作已完成；不定式表示尚未发生或将要发生的动作。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Time permitting(permit)，we can wander around the park.
②The trees are extremely tall，some measuring(measure) over 90 metres.
③The problem solved(solve)，the governor felt relaxed.
④So much baggage to carry(carry), I had to take a taxi.
until的强调句式
(教材P15)It was not until Caroline Unger，one of the singers，took his arm and turned him to face the audience that the great man realised his symphony was a success.
直到其中一位歌唱家卡洛琳·昂格尔挽着他的胳膊，转过身去面对观众，这位伟人才意识到他的交响乐是成功的。
[句式分析]
本句是一个“It＋be＋强调部分＋that...”结构的强调句，强调until从句。
[例1] It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
直到他妻子回来他才睡觉。
[例2] It was not until I saw Margaret next morning，however，that I felt happy.
直到我第二天早晨见到玛格丽特，我才感到高兴。
[造句] 直到老师告诉他，他才意识到自己的错误。
It was not until the teacher told him that he realised his mistake.
[知识拓展]
(1)强调句中对until从句进行强调，not一并提前。
(2) 当not until位于句首时，句子要倒装。其结构为：Not until＋从句/表时间的词＋助动词＋(主句)主语＋谓语＋其他。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Not until the teacher came in did (do) the students stop talking.
②It was not until his wife left that he came.
教材
高考
1.He is regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of music.
(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响) travel to undisturbed places.
2.Inspired by his struggles with deafness, the composer produced some amazing pieces...
(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet.
3.The audience did not hesitate to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years.
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won't hesitate to open them and walk through.
4.Simple movements in Beijing Opera often represent more complex actions, like riding a horse or rowing a boat.
(2020·江苏卷)For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country's past—ageold castles, splendid homes...
and red phone boxes.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It was not until the rain stopped that they started.
2．How I wish I had been(be) able to say the rules without a mistake at that time.
3．My assistant will be in charge of the department in my absence.
4．To my great delight，she gave it to me without any hesitation(hesitate)．
5．We waved to him but there was no response(respond)．
6．The workers struggled for better pay and better conditions.
7．Health should be regarded as the treasure of society.
8．He named one of us his representative(represent) at the meeting.
9．He usually refers to me for information about the thief.
10．The mother gave in and bought a toy for her daughter.
Ⅱ.短语填空
refer to；respond to；give up；take charge of；hesitate to do；after all；as well
1. After all he is still a schoolboy.
2．Don't hesitate to make comments or suggestions if you have any.
3．China is a socialist country，and a developing country as well．
4．She responded to my letter with a phone call.
5．He gave up his studies and went on the stage.
6．The teacher referred to in my last letter has gone abroad.
7．A few years ago Bacryl took charge of the company.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Beethoven was regarded as one of the 1.greatest(great) composers in the history of music.In his 2.twenties(twenty)，he began to lose his hearing，but he didn't give up and produced some 3.amazing(amaze) pieces，4.including(include) nine symphonies.5.Before the performance, Beethoven was afraid that the performance would be a disaster.
The audience had no 6.hesitation(hesitate) to applaud as Beethoven walked out onto the stage.He and Michael Umlauf took charge of the orchestra.For more than an hour，he waved his arms 7.wildly(wild)and madly turned the pages of his score.As the joyous note signalled the end of the symphony，all the audience jumped to their feet.But Beethoven continued conducting 8.until Caroline Unger took his arm and 9.turned(turn) him to face the audience.Caroline said most of the audience had no idea 10.that Beethoven was deaf.Only Beethoven who composed it couldn't hear the symphony.
构词法
[观察例句]
1．We will try our best to better our living conditions.
2．Thousands of Victorian workers joined educational associations in an attempt to better themselves.
3．At the time，what he'd done had seemed reasonable.
4．Was there a difference of opinion over what to do with the Nobel Prize money?
5．You can't tell if it's a man or a woman from handwriting.
[归纳用法]
一、转化法
英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1．动词转化为名词
①很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化。如：
Let's go out for a walk.
我们到外面去散散步吧。
②有时意思有一定变化，如：
He is a man of strong build.
他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作，如：
Let's have a swim.
咱们游泳吧。
2．名词转化为动词
①很多表示事物，如：
Did you book a seat on the plane?
你订好飞机座位了吗？
②身体部位，如：
Please hand me the book.
请把那本书递给我。
③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作。如：
She nursed her husband back to health.
她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
④某些抽象名词也可作动词。如：
We lunched together.
我们在一起吃了午餐。
3．形容词转化为动词
有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如：
The work he produced early in his career has never really been bettered.
他后来没出过什么作品能真正比得上他的早期作品。
4．副词转化为动词
有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如：
Murder will out.
(谚语)恶事终必将败露。
5．形容词转化为名词
①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词，如：
You should be dressed in black at the funeral.
你在葬礼上该穿黑色衣服。
②某些形容词如：old，young，poor，rich，wounded，injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数，如：
The old in our village are living a happy life.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In fact，it must have a hard struggle to get its freedom (free) from the cocoon.
②Lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years and is known for tasty (taste) beef，soup and noodles.
二、截短法(缩略法)
截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
1．截头
telephone→phone
aeroplane→plane
omnibus→bus
2．去尾
mathematics→maths
cooperate→coop
examination→exam
3．截头去尾
influenza→flu
refrigerator→fridge
prescription→script
三、混合法(混成法)
混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。
news broadcast→newscast新闻广播
television broadcast→telecast电视播送
smoke and fog→smog烟雾
helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场
四、首尾字母缩略法
首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。
very important person→VIP (读字母音)贵宾；大人物
television→TV (读字母音)电视
Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL(读单词音)托福
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The soldier died for saving the child，so his death(die) is heavier than Mount Tai.
2．To everyone's satisfaction(satisfy)，the girl finished the job quite well.
3．No one should enter the spot without the permission(permit) of the police.
4．The Great Wall is more than 6，000 kilometers in length(long)．
5．The black people were against slavery and fought for their freedom(free) bravely.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Last Saturday，I practised my 1.spoken(speak) English in my 2.reading(read) room.I once thought English was hard and I couldn't learn it well by 3.myself(me)．So I spared no effort to improve my English every day.Now I am well content with my 4.achievement(achieve) in English.After 5.a while，I was 6.exhausted(exhaust) and went to the garden.It was 7.sunny(sun)．I 8.watered(water) flowers in it and 9.breathed (breath) the fresh air，feeling 10.relaxed(relax)．
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